Waco Standard Cabin series

Waco Standard Cabin series
1937 Waco VKS-7 late Standard Cabin biplane (C-FLWL) at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum at Rockcliffe, ON.
Role	4-5-seat cabin biplane
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Waco Aircraft Company
Introduction	1931
Status	Several still airworthy in 2009

The Waco Standard Cabin series is a range of American single-engine 4-5 seat fabric covered cabin biplanes produced by the Waco Aircraft Company beginning in 1931 with the QDC and continuing until 1942 when production ended for the VKS-7F.^[1] They were used as light passenger and utility transports, navigational trainers, bushplanes and briefly as maritime reconnaissance aircraft during World War 2.

Design

All of the Waco Standard Cabins were powered by cowled radial engines and Waco tried to accommodate their customers preferences for many of the more common commercially available engines of the period, hence the profusion of designations, as the first letter indicates the engine installed. Individual models were each certified with various available engines but not all variations found customers.

Fuselage structure was typical for the period, being welded chrome-moly tubing with light wood strips to fair the shape in and covered with fabric.^[2] Wings were built around two solid spruce spars with the airfoil formed from trussed ribs made from plywood and spruce. The leading edge was covered in aluminum sheeting and the whole assembly covered in fabric.^[2] Ailerons were interconnected with a strut mounted to the trailing edge and on some versions were sheeted with ribbed aluminum.^[2] Most models were not fitted with flaps - the VKS-7F, built for the Civilian Pilot Training Program (CPTP) being the exception.^[3] It was fitted with split flaps only on the undersides of the upper wings and at mid chord, inboard and just ahead of the ailerons. Wing bracing was with a canted N strut joining upper and lower wings, assisted by a single strut bracing the lower wing to the upper fuselage longeron, there being no bracing wires. Elevators and rudder were built up from welded steel tubing braced with wire cables, and both could be trimmed, the elevators in flight^[2] and the rudder with a ground adjustable tab. Normally the main undercarriage was made up of a pair of vees, sprung with oleo/spring struts and provided with brakes as standard equipment, and a free-castoring tailwheel^[2] sprung with triangulated shock cords.^[4] was fitted to most aircraft, although a small number for Brazil were fitted with a tail skid.^[5] Floats were also offered as an option, starting with the UIC which had Edo P-3300 floats.^[6] Later types (including the UKC, YKC and CJC) were offered with Edo 38-3430 floats.^[7]

Development

The standard cabin series were Waco's first successful cabin biplane design, and was developed to accompany the F series airframe in their lineup.^[8] The Model C series had the top longerons raised to form a four-seat cabin which was entered through a door between the wings on the left side and had a rather distinctive rear-view window that was cleaned up, and then dispensed with in the later standard cabins. The initial QDC model of 1931 was offered with a 165 hp (123 kW) Continental A70 cowled engine,^[4] or as the BDC, ODC, PDC and UDC with other engines (as listed under variants). 1932 saw the introduction of the OEC and UEC models. Continuous refinement and improvement by Waco Aircraft resulted in production of various sub-models continuing until 1939.^[9]

In 1935, Waco introduced its slightly larger Custom Cabin series (which featured a sesquiplane layout without ailerons on the lower wing) and decided to differentiate between the Standard and Custom Cabin types by appending an S to the model designator. in 1936 the C-S was replaced with an 'S' signifying 'Standard'.^[10] For example, the YKC of 1934 became the YKC-S of 1935 and the YKS of 1936, though with additional minor improvements.

Operational history

The Standard Cabin series, with its cabin comfort, proved to be popular with private pilot owners. Many were purchased by small commercial aviation firms and non-aviation businesses. With the onset of World War II, examples were impressed into the air forces of many Allied nations, including the US (USAAC and US Navy), the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. USAAC Designations assigned to standard cabin Wacos included UC-72D (for 2 VKS-7s), UC-72K (for 1 YKS-7) and UC-72M (for 2 ZKS-7s). Most were used as utility aircraft, however a small number were operated by the US Civil Air Patrol, conducting anti-submarine patrols off the US coastline from March 1942 to August 1943 armed with 50 or 100 pound bombs.^[11] In 1942 21 VKS-7F were built for the Civilian Pilot Training Program for use as navigational trainers. A single impressed YKC referred to as the Little Waco, RAF serial AX697, was used by the British Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) along with a Waco Custom Cabin ZGC-7 Big Waco to support their activities behind Axis lines.^[12] After World War II, some impressed UC-72 cabins returned to civilian operations, and a very few were additionally revamped (with FAA approval) with new engine models. This further complicated model nomenclature, though the FAA generally retained original nomenclatures for a given re-engined airframe.^[13] Fewer than 135 Standard Cabin series aircraft of several sub-models are currently registered in the USA.^[14]

Variants

Data from Aerofiles^[10]

Early Skylight

Waco UEC at the EAA Airventure Museum, Oshkosh showing distinctive skylight used on early cabin Wacos

Waco UEC

DC Series

BDC 

165 hp (123 kW) Wright R-540 engine. No record of production.

ODC 

210 hp (157 kW) Kinner C-5 engine. modified to QDC.

PDC 

170 hp (127 kW) Jacobs LA-1 engine. 2 built on special order.

WACO QDC

QDC 

165 hp (123 kW) Continental A-70 engine. 37 built.

UDC 

210 hp (157 kW) Continental R-670 engine. No record of production.

EC Series

BEC 

165 hp (123 kW) Wright R-540 engine. 1 built, [X12440], (converted to OEC or UEC).

OEC 

210 hp (157 kW) Kinner C-5 engine. 3 built.

UEC 

210 hp (157 kW) Continental R-670 engine. 40 built.

Late Skylight

1934 Waco UKC showing late skylight smoothly faired in

IC Series

WACO UIC

UIC 

210 hp (157 kW) Continental R-670 engine. 83 built.

JC Series

CJC 

250 hp (186 kW) Wright R-760 engine. 41 CJC, DJC & DJC-S built.

DJC 

285 hp (213 kW) Wright R-760 engine.

KC Series

UKC 

210 hp (157 kW) Continental R-670 engine.

WACO YKC

YKC 

225 hp (168 kW) Jacobs L-4 engine. 60 YKC built,

No Skylight

Waco YKS-6. Struts connecting upper and lower ailerons are visible, distinguishing this type from the contemporary Custom Cabin sesquiplanes

1937 Waco VKS-7, a late Standard Cabin Waco, with no skylights.

JC-S Series

CJC-S 

250 hp (186 kW) Wright R-760 engine.

DJC-S 

285 hp (213 kW) Wright R-760 engine.

KC-S Series

UKC-S 

210 hp (157 kW) Continental R-670 engine. 40 built.

YKC-S 

225 hp (168 kW) Jacobs L-4 engine. 22 YKC-S built

ZKC-S 

285 hp (213 kW) Jacobs L-5 engine.

KS Series

UKS-6 

210 hp (157 kW) Continental R-670 engine. 2 built.^[15]

VKS-7 

240 hp (179 kW) Continental W-670 engine. 18 built

VKS-7F 

Only Standard Cabin with flaps, built for Civilian Pilot Training Program as navigational trainer. F designates use of flaps. 21 built.

YKS-6 

225 hp (168 kW) Jacobs L-4 engine. 133 built.^[15] 65 YKS-6 built.

ZKS-6 & 7 

285 hp (213 kW) Jacobs L-5 engine. 29 built. re-designated from ZKC-S in 1936.^[15]

HKS-7 (very rare) 

300 hp (224 kW) Lycoming R-680-13 engine, installed with FAA approval.^[16]

Operators

Military Operators

Most operators operated either a single example, or a very small number.

 Argentina

• Argentine Air Force (8 x VKS-7)^[17]

 Australia

• Royal Australian Air Force (1 x YQC-6)^[18]

Waco UIC standard cabin biplane

 Brazil

• Brazilian Air Force (32 x CJC)^[19]

 Canada

• Royal Canadian Air Force (1 x YKS-6)^[20]

 El Salvador

• Air Force of El Salvador (2 x UEC)^[21]

 Finland

• Finnish Air Force (1 x YKS-7)^[22]
  • No. 36 Sqn used a Waco YKS-7 for maritime surveillance during World War II.

 Mexico

• Mexican Air Force (1 x UIC)^[23]

 Netherlands

• Royal Netherlands Air Force (1 x UKC)^[24]

 New Zealand

• Royal New Zealand Air Force - (1 x QDC, 1 x UIC)^[25]

Civil Air Patrol Waco YKS-6 on tarmac in Bar Harbour, Maine

 Norway

• Royal Norwegian Air Force (1 x YKS-7)^[26]

Waco ZKS-7 impressed into WW II service as a UC-72M - then re-engined with Lycoming R-680-13 to become an HKS-7

 South Africa

• South African Air Force (UEC, others)

 Sweden

• Swedish Air Force (1 x UIC, 1 x UKC, 1)^[27]

 United Kingdom

• Royal Air Force (1 x YKC)

 United States

• United States Army Air Forces (2 x VKS-7 as UC-72D, 1 x YKS-7 as UC-72K & 2 ZKS-7 as UC-72M)^[28]
• United States Navy (3x YKS-7 impressed - no USN designation used)^[29]
• Civil Air Patrol (despite the name operated armed aircraft in a belligerent manner as a military organization)

Civil Operators

Waco Custom Cabins were used in small numbers by a very large number of individual operators and were registered in the following countries (note that this list is not exhaustive).^[30]

Argentina  Belgian Congo (now Congo-Kinshasa)  Canada  Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)  Egypt  Finland  Germany  Guatemala

Honduras  Iceland  Kenya  Mexico  Netherlands  New Zealand  Norway  Nyasaland (now Malawi)

Philippines Portuguese Mozambique (now Mozambique)  South Africa  Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)  Sweden  United Kingdom  United States  Venezuela

Aircraft on display

Aside from the large number of Wacos that continue to exist in private hands,^[31] a number have also found their way into museums.

Wacos Standard Cabin biplanes on display

Museum	Location	Type	Identity
Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum[32]	Anchorage, Alaska	YKC	NC14066
Alberta Aviation Museum[33]	Edmonton, Alberta	UIC	CF-AAW
Canada Aviation and Space Museum[34]	Ottawa, Ontario	VKS-7	C-FLWL
Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim[35]	Munich, Germany	YKS-6	NC16512
EAA AirVenture Museum[36]	Oshkosh, Wisconsin	UEC	NC12472
Golden Wings Flying Museum[37]	Minneapolis, Minnesota	UKC	NC13897
Museu Aeroespacial[38]	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	CJC	Therezina C66
New England Air Museum[39]	Windsor Locks, Connecticut	YKC-S	NC14614
Paul E. Garber Facility[40]	Suitland, Maryland	UIC	NC13062
Pima Air & Space Museum[41]	Tucson, Arizona	ZKS-6	N16523
Port Townsend Aero Museum[42]	Port Townsend, Washington	YKS-6	NC16517
Museum of Flying	Santa Monica, California	UEC	NC18613
Western Canada Aviation Museum[43]	Winnipeg, Manitoba	YKC-S	CF-AYS
Yanks Air Museum[44]	Chino, California	UEC	NC18613

Specifications

Referenced from Juptner, U.S. Civil Aircraft, 1962, 1974, 1977 and 1980 (dates refer to specific volumes, not editions)^{[45][46][47][48]}

Date	Type	Power	Engine	Length OA	Span (upper)	Span (lower)	Speed (maximum)	Weight (empty)	Weight (max gross)	Load (maximum)	Price[49] (new)	Price[50] (adjusted)
Apr 1931	QDC	165 hp(123 kW)	Continental A-70-2	23'2"(7.06m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'2"(8.59m)	116 mph(187 km/h)	1,530 lb(694 kg)	2,507 lb(1,137 kg)	#977977 lb(443 kg)	$5,985	$93,128
Mar 1932	UEC	210 hp(157 kW)	Continental R-670	24'8"(7.52m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'2"(8.59m)	133 mph(214 km/h)	1,670 lb(758 kg)[51]	2,700 lb(1,225 kg)	1,030 lb(470 kg)	$5,985	$103,803
Mar 1932	OEC	210 hp(157 kW)	Kinner C-5-210	24'9"(7.54m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'2"(8.59m)	133 mph(214 km/h)	1,667 lb(756 kg)[52]	2,700 lb(1,225 kg)	1,033 lb(469 kg)	$5,985	$103,803
Apr 1932	BEC	165 hp(123 kW)	Wright R-540	24'10"(7.57m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'2"(8.59m)	120 mph(193 km/h)	1,650 lb(748 kg)	2,650 lb(1,202 kg)	1,000 lb(450 kg)	$0unknown
Mar 1933	UIC	210 hp(157 kW)	Continental R-670	25'2"(7.67m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	140 mph(225 km/h)[53]	1,690 lb(767 kg)	2,800 lb(1,270 kg)	1,110 lb(500 kg)	$5,985	$109,407
Mar 1933	UIC[54]	210 hp(157 kW)	Continental R-670	28'11"(8.81m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	126 mph(203 km/h)	2,079 lb(943 kg)	3,250 lb(1,474 kg)	1,171 lb(531 kg)	$0unknown
Mar 1934	UKC	210 hp(157 kW)	Continental R-670-A	25'3"(7.70m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	143 mph(230 km/h)	1,745 lb(792 kg)[55]	2,850 lb(1,293 kg)	1,105 lb(501 kg)	$6,285	$111,176
Mar 1934	UKC[56]	210 hp(157 kW)	Continental R-670-A	28'10"(8.79m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	126 mph(203 km/h)	2,131 lb(967 kg)	3,250 lb(1,474 kg)	1,119 lb(508 kg)	$0unknown
Apr 1934	YKC	225 hp(168 kW)	Jacobs L-4	25'4"(7.72m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	149 mph(240 km/h)	1,800 lb(817 kg)	2,850 lb(1,293 kg)	1,050 lb(480 kg)	$6,450	$114,094
Apr 1934	YKC[56]	225 hp(168 kW)	Jacobs L-4	28'10"(8.79m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	130 mph(209 km/h)	2,186 lb(992 kg)	3,250 lb(1,474 kg)	1,064 lb(483 kg)	$0unknown
May 1934	CJC	250 hp(186 kW)	Wright R-760-E	25'8"(7.82m)	34'10"(10.62m)	28'3"(8.61m)	152 mph(245 km/h)	1,976 lb(896 kg)	3,200 lb(1,452 kg)	1,224 lb(555 kg)	$8,365	$147,969
May 1934	CJC[56]	250 hp(186 kW)	Wright R-760-E	28'10"(8.79m)	34'10"(10.62m)	28'3"(8.61m)	132 mph(212 km/h)	2,296 lb(1,041 kg)	3,650 lb(1,656 kg)	1,354 lb(614 kg)	$0unknown
1935	UKC-S	210 hp(157 kW)	Continental R-670-A	25'3"(7.70m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	138 mph(222 km/h)	1,720 lb(780 kg)	3,000 lb(1,361 kg)	1,280 lb(580 kg)	$5,225[57]	$90,182
1935	YKC-S	225 hp(168 kW)	Jacobs L-4	25'4"(7.72m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	143 mph(230 km/h)	1,773 lb(804 kg)	3,000 lb(1,361 kg)	1,227 lb(557 kg)	$5,490[58]	$94,756
1935	CJC-S	250 hp(186 kW)	Wright R-760-E	25'8"(7.82m)	34'10"(10.62m)	28'3"(8.61m)	152 mph(245 km/h)	1,941 lb(880 kg)	3,200 lb(1,452 kg)	1,359 lb(616 kg)	$7,000	$120,818
1936	YKS-6	225 hp(168 kW)	Jacobs L-4	25'4"(7.72m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	144 mph(232 km/h)	1,809 lb(821 kg)	3,250 lb(1,474 kg)	1,441 lb(654 kg)	$4,995	$85,179
Feb 1937	YKS-7	225 hp(168 kW)	Jacobs L-4M/MB[59]	25'3"(7.70m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	146 mph(235 km/h)	1,882 lb(854 kg)	3,250 lb(1,474 kg)	1,368 lb(621 kg)	$5,695	$93,743
Feb 1937	ZKS-7	285 hp(213 kW)	Jacobs L-5	25'3"(7.70m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	153 mph(246 km/h)	1,928 lb(875 kg)[60]	3,250 lb(1,474 kg)	1,322 lb(600 kg)	$6,135	$100,986
1939, 1947	HKS-7	300 hp(224 kW)	Lycoming R680-13	25'3"(7.70m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	168 mph(270 km/h)	2,020 lb(916 kg)[60]	3,250 lb(1,474 kg)	1,322 lb(600 kg)	$7,600	$129,291
Jun 1937	UKS-7	225 hp(168 kW)	Continental W-670K	25'3"(7.70m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	147 mph(237 km/h)	1,907 lb(865 kg)	3,250 lb(1,474 kg)	1,343 lb(609 kg)	$5,890	$96,953
Jun 1937	VKS-7	240 hp(179 kW)	Continental W-670M	25'3"(7.70m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	149 mph(240 km/h)	1,917 lb(870 kg)	3,250 lb(1,474 kg)	1,333 lb(605 kg)	$5,890	$96,953
1938	VKS-7	240 hp(179 kW)	Continental W-670M	25'3"(7.70m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	145 mph(233 km/h)	1,960 lb(889 kg)[60]	3,250 lb(1,474 kg)	1,290 lb(585 kg)	$7,770	$127,899
Jun 1937	VKS-7F	240 hp(179 kW)	Continental W-670M	25'3"(7.70m)	33'3"(10.13m)	28'3"(8.61m)	145 mph(233 km/h)	2,256 lb(1,023 kg)	3,250 lb(1,474 kg)	#994994 lb(451 kg)	12500$12,500[61]	$205,758[62]

See also

Related development

• Waco S series
• Waco Custom Cabin Series

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• Avro 639 Cabin Cadet
• Avro 641 Commodore
• Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing
• Bristol Type 110A
• Canadian Vickers Vanessa
• Stinson SB-1 Detroiter
• Tachikawa KKY-2

Related lists

• List of civil aircraft
• List of aircraft of World War II

References

Notes

1. Brandley, 1981, p.76
2. Juptner, 1962, p.39-40
3. Brandley, 1981, p.61
4. Simpson, 2001, p. 574
5. Brandley, 1981, p.42
6. Juptner, 1962, p.282
7. Juptner, 1974, pp.94, 113, 135
8. Brandley, 1981, p.3
9. Green, 1965, p. 307
10. Aerofiles 'That Waco Coding System' accessed 10 June 09
11. Congressional Record - Awarding a Congressional Gold Medal to members of the Civil Air Patrol Retrieved 27 June 2012
12. Jenner and List 1999, pp.9, 27, 45–46
13. http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=55536 (See 10 Nov 1947 entry)
14. FAA Website Record Search, 12 June 2009.
15. Waco Sales Orders
16. http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=55536
17. World Air Forces - Historical Listings - Argentina (ARG), accessed 25 May 2012
18. World Air Forces - Historical Listings - Australia (AUS), accessed 25 May 2012
19. World Air Forces - Historical Listings - Brazil (BRZ), accessed 25 May 2012
20. World Air Forces - Historical Listings - Canada (CAN), accessed 25 May 2012
21. World Air Forces - Historical Listings - El Salvador (ELS, accessed 25 May 2012
22. World Air Forces - Historical Listings - Finland (FIN), accessed 25 May 2012
23. World Air Forces - Historical Listings - Mexico (Mex), accessed 25 May 2012
24. World Air Forces - Historical Listings - Netherlands (NET), accessed 25 May 2012
25. World Air Forces - Historical Listings - New Zealand (NWZ), accessed 25 May 2012
26. World Air Forces - Historical Listings - Norway (NOR), accessed 25 May 2012
27. World Air Forces - Historical Listings - Sweden (SWE), accessed 25 May 2012
28. 45 USAAF Impressed Wacos (Aerofiles) accessed 25 May 2012
29. Joseph F. Baugher (April 1, 2012). "US Navy and US Marine Corps Aircraft Serial Numbers and Bureau Numbers--1911 to Present". Retrieved 25 May 2012.
30. http://www.goldenyears.ukf.net Golden Years of Aviation (aircraft registrations), accessdate 29 May 2012
31. • FAA Registry Search for Waco accessed 12 June 2009
32. Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum Flightline - Rasmuson Hangar Retrieved 27 June 2012
33. Alberta Aviation Museum Waco UIC (1933) Retrieved 27 June 2012
34. Canada Aviation Museum’s Newest Acquisition: A Waco Cabin Biplane Arrives in Good Company Retrieved 27 June 2012
35. Deutsches Museum: Waco Retrieved 27 June 2012
36. EAA AirVenture Museum Waco UEC NC12472 Retrieved 27 June 2012
37. Golden Wings Flying Museum - The Collection Retrieved 27 June 2012
38. Museu Aeroespacial - WACO CJC Retrieved 27 June 2012
39. New England Air Museum Retrieved 27 June 2012
40. Paul E. Garber Facility Search Results Waco UIC Retrieved 1 July 2012
41. Pima Air Museum Waco ZKS-6 Retrieved 27 June 2012
42. Port Townsend Aero Museum Aircraft Collection Retrieved 28 June 2012
43. Western Canada Aviation Museum- WACO CF-AYS Retrieved 27 June 2012
44. Yanks Air Museum - Collection - Waco "UEC" Retrieved 27 June 2012
45. Juptner, 1962 pp37-40, 195-198, 208-209, 280-284
46. Juptner, 1974 pp92-96, 111-116, 134-137, 243-249, 268-270, 349-357
47. Juptner, 1977 pp97-103, 113-114, 139-141, 170-173, 223-228, 267-269, 296-297
48. Juptner, 1980, pp56-59
49. Price is with standard equipment, with no extra options.
50. Price adjusted for inflation based on increase in price of consumer goods - aircraft prices may have differed.
51. Brandley, 1981 reports empty weight as 1,750lb(790kg)
52. Brandley, 1981 reports empty weight as 1,560lb (710kg)
53. Brandley, 1981 reports maximum speed as 136 mph (219 km/h)
54. floatplane fitted with Edo P-3300 floats
55. Weights changed to 1,755lbs empty, 3,000lbs max gross and 1,245lbs max load
56. Floatplane fitted with 38-3430 Edo floats
57. Brandley, 1981 reports price as $6,285
58. Brandley, 1981 reports price as $6,450
59. M = magneto ignition, MB = magneto and battery ignition
60. Weights later amended
61. Brandley, 1981 reports price as $13,500
62. Price and weight increases reflect extensive equipment fit for use as navigational trainer

Bibliography

Books

• Balmer, Joseph; Davis, Ken (1996). Mrs. WACO – The Early Days of the WACO Aircraft Company as told by one who lived it! Hattie Meyers Weaver Junkin. unk.: Little Otter Productions. ISBN 978-1888282047.
• Balmer, Joseph; Davis, Ken (1992). There Goes a WACO. Troy, Ohio: Little Otter Productions. ISBN 978-0925436085.
• Brandley, Raymond H. (1979). Ask Any Pilot - The authentic history of Waco airplanes and the biographies of the founders, Clayton J. Brukner and Elwood J. "Sam" Junkin. R. H. Brandly. ISBN 978-0960273409.
• Brandly, Raymond H. (1986). Waco Aircraft Production 1923-1942 (2nd ed.). Troy, Ohio: Waco Aircraft Co. ISBN 978-0-9602734-5-4.
• Brandley, Raymond H. (1981). Waco Airplanes - The Versatile Cabin Series. unk.: R.H. Brandly. ISBN 0-9602734-2-5.
• Green, William (1965). The Aircraft of the World. Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd.
• Jenner, Robin; List, David; Badrocke, Mike (1999). The Long Range Desert Group 1940–1945. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-85532-958-1.
• Juptner, Joseph P. (1962). U.S. Civil Aircraft (ATC 1 - 100) 1. Los Angeles, California: Aero Publishers, Inc. LCCN 62-15967.
• Juptner, Joseph P. (1962). U.S. Civil Aircraft (ATC 401 - 500) 5. Aero Publishers, Inc. pp. 37–40, 195–198, 208–209, 280–284. ISBN 0-8168-9166-4.
• Juptner, Joseph P. (1974). US Civil Aircraft (ATC 501 - 600) 6. Aero Publishers, Inc. pp. 92–96, 111–116, 134–137, 243–249, 268–270, 349–357. ISBN 0-8168-9170-2.
• Juptner, Joseph P. (1977). US Civil Aircraft (ATC 601 - 700) 7. Aero Publishers, Inc. pp. 97–103, 113–114, 139–141, 170–173, 223–228. ISBN 0-8168-9174-5.
• Juptner, Joseph P. (1980). US Civil Aircraft (ATC 701 - 800) 8. Aero Publishers, Inc. pp. 56–59. ISBN 0-8168-9178-8.
• Kobernuss, Fred O. (1992). Waco – Symbol of Courage and Excellence, Volume 1. Terre Haute, IN: Sunshine House, Inc. ISBN 0-943691-07-9.
• Kobernuss, Fred O. (1999). Waco – Symbol of Courage and Excellence, Volume 2. Destin, FL: Mystic Bay Publishers. ISBN 1-887961-01-1.
• Simpson, Rod (2001). Airlife's World Aircraft. Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-115-3.
• Simpson, Rod; Trask, Charles (2000). Waco – Images of Aviation. Tempus Pub Ltd. ISBN 978-0752417677.
• Grey, C.G. (1972). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938. London: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5734-4.

Websites

• Various (26 April 2009). "Aerofiles Waco Page". Aerofiles. Retrieved June 7, 2009.
• "FAA Registry Search for Waco". Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
• Joseph F. Baugher (April 1, 2012). "US Navy and US Marine Corps Aircraft Serial Numbers and Bureau Numbers--1911 to Present". Retrieved 25 May 2012.
• Terry O'Neill (March–April 1964). "The Last Waco". Sport Aviation March 1964 and April 1964. Sport Aviation. Retrieved June 7, 2009.