Wang Zhaoguo

Wang Zhaoguo
王兆国
Chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions
In office December 2002 – February 2013
Preceded by	Wei Jianxing
Succeeded by	Li Jianguo
Head of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee
In office December 1992 – December 2002
Preceded by	Ding Guangen
Succeeded by	Liu Yandong
Director of the General Office of the Communist Party of China
In office April 1984 – April 1986
Deputy	Wen Jiabao, others
Preceded by	Qiao Shi
Succeeded by	Wen Jiabao
First Secretary of the Communist Youth League
In office December 1982 – December 1984
Deputy	Hu Jintao, Liu Yandong, others
Preceded by	Han Ying
Succeeded by	Hu Jintao
Personal details
Born	July 1941 (age 74) Fengrun, Hebei, China
Political party	Communist Party of China
Alma mater	Harbin Institute of Technology

Wang Zhaoguo (simplified Chinese: 王兆国; traditional Chinese: 王兆國; pinyin: Wáng Zhàoguó; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ong Tiau-kok; born July 1941) is a retired Chinese politician who came to prominence during the era of Deng Xiaoping. An automobile factory technician by trade, Wang had a long and varied political career, known for having acquired a ministerial-level position at the age of 41. He successively served as the First Secretary of the Communist Youth League, the chief of the party's General Office, Secretary of the Central Secretariat, and Governor of Fujian.

Initially speculated to be a political star with potential to enter the top ranks, Wang's career leveled out after he entered the Politburo of the Communist Party in 2002. In his later years he served as the head of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and as a Vice-Chairman of the National People's Congress. He retired in 2013.

Early life

Wang Zhaoguo was born in Fengrun County, Hebei in 1941, to a poor family. He went to school later than his peers due to his family situation.^[1] He joined the Communist Party of China in 1965. He graduated from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1966 specializing in mechanical engineering. Between 1966 and 1968, at the height of the Cultural Revolution, Wang awaited assignment. Between 1968 and 1971, he worked as a technician at the First Automobile Works in Changchun. He then began working as the Communist Youth League leader at a factory owned by the Second Automobile Works (the predecessor to Dongfeng Motor).^[2]

Rise to power

By 1979, the 38-year-old Wang had become the party chief of the Second Automobile Works. After the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping and a new group leaders introduced wide-ranging reforms. Deng was said to have been briefed on Wang's outstanding performance and sought to promote Wang. Wang entered the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at a mere 41 years of age, and was selected to become the First Secretary of the Communist Youth League from 1982 to 1984. At this point, Hu Jintao was working as Wang's first deputy.^[1]

By 1984, Wang had become the chief of the General Office of the Communist Party of China, essentially serving as the chief of staff of then party General Secretary Hu Yaobang; the next year, Wang earned a seat on the Secretariat, the party's top policy execution and implementation organ. That he advanced to such a high rank at 44 years of age was seen as a promising sign that he was being groomed for the party's top leadership post. Wang was therefore seen as a close associate of Hu, given that both men had come from Communist Youth League backgrounds. Hu, a reformer, was ousted from power by a group of conservative party elders in 1987 due to irreconcilable differences over policy.^[3]

Wang had advocated for policies favouring the party "clean up its own act" and "self-discipline" as part of wider political reform programs spearheaded by Hu, and said that these changes must begin with the party's upper echelons. This move was met with resistance from party elders, who saw themselves as being unfairly targeted and politically vulnerable; Wang was subsequently removed as General Office chief. Wang was succeeded by Wen Jiabao, the deputy chief of the General Office at the time.^[1]

Two primary reasons have been proposed for Wang's exit from the elite ranks. One theory was that Hu Yaobang's Youth League political forces were then deliberately scattered around the country to weed out their influence; as the political winds in Beijing shifted towards more a conservative tone towards the late 1980s, Wang's political fortunes suffered.^[1] The second theory was that while Wang was initially intimately involved in carrying out Hu's policies, he turned against Hu upon realizing that Hu was losing political traction. Wang reportedly criticized Hu as "lacking in political morals and lacking in political intelligence," much to Hu's chagrin. That the man he worked hard to cultivate would suddenly turn against him was said to have made Hu disillusioned and sorely disappointed in Wang, and also damaged the perception of Wang's character in the eyes of party elders, including those who criticized Hu.^[3]

Wang was named Governor of Fujian in 1987, in what was widely considered a demotion and 'banishment' from the political center stage in Beijing.^[4] The move was suggested by respected party elder Chen Yun and approved by Deng Xiaoping.^[3] Possibly as a result of his term in Fujian, which sat just across the strait from Taiwan, Wang was named the director of the Taiwan Affairs Office in 1990 (he assumed the State Council office chief position first, then the party position in 1991). In 1992, he was named the head of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee, in charge of rallying support from organizations not affiliated with the Communist Party. He served in the post for some ten years.

Politburo and beyond

At the 16th Party Congress, his erstwhile colleague and deputy at the Youth League, Hu Jintao, was elevated to become General Secretary of the Communist Party. Wang gained a seat on the 25-member Politburo, but his career had by this point lagged far behind that of Hu and Wen Jiabao.

In March 2003, he was named a Vice-Chairman of the 10th National People's Congress (first in rank), and was re-elected to the same position in 11th National People's Congress in 2008.^[5] He was a member of the 16th and 17th Politburo of the Communist Party of China. In addition, he also served as the Chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions between 2002 to 2013.

Wang was a member of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, and 17th Central Committees of the Communist Party of China, known for having the distinction of serving under four party general secretaries - Hu Yaobang, Zhao Ziyang, Jiang Zemin, and Hu Jintao.

Wang made several public appearances after he retired. He visited his former employer Dongfeng Motors between May 17 to 18, 2013. He appeared with his wife on April 22, 2014, at the Zhou Enlai memorial house in Huai'an, Jiangsu. Wang also sent a commemorative floral basket along with Hu Jintao to mark the 25th anniversary of the death of Hu Yaobang in April 2014.^[6]

References

1. ""起大早赶晚集"的人 邓小平为何放弃王兆国？(组图)". Duowei (Wenxuecity).
2. "王兆国简历". Xinhuanet.
3. "王兆国揭发胡耀邦对比周小舟拒绝毛泽东". Duowei History. February 27, 2015.
4. "王兆国先盛后衰 胡锦涛后来居上". Boxun. January 31, 2011.
5. (Chinese)Vice-Chairman of Standing Committee of 11th National People's Congress xinhuanet.com
6. "王兆国之子已被拘押 中央警告"别仗靠山"". Duowei News. April 28, 2014.

External links

• (Chinese) Biography of Wang Zhaoguo, People's Daily Online.