Waterview Connection

Waterview Connection

While generally considered a "tunnel project", the Waterview Connection also includes other large motorway works.
Location Auckland, New Zealand
Proposer New Zealand Transport Agency
Website http://www.nzta.govt.nz/projects/waterviewconnection
Status Under construction
Type Road & tunnel
Cost estimate $1.7 billion[1]
Start date Late 2011
Completion date 2016
Stakeholders Government of New Zealand, New Zealand Transport Agency, Auckland Council, Campaign for Better Transport, Cycle Action Auckland, Friends of Oakley Creek, North West Community Association, various further community groups and submitters
Waterview Tunnel

Tunnel cross-section, including an emergency cross-connection.
Overview
Route Western Ring Route (State Highway 20)
Start 2012 (tunnel boring to start 2013)
End 2017
Operation
Constructed 2011–2017
Owner New Zealand Transport Agency
Operator New Zealand Transport Agency
Traffic Motor vehicles
Character Motorway
Toll Not tolled
Vehicles per day 83,000 by 2026 (estimated)[1]
Technical
Length 2.5km
Number of lanes 3 lanes each tunnel
Operating speed 80km/hr

The Waterview Connection is a motorway section under construction through west/central Auckland, New Zealand. It will connect State Highway 20 in the south at Mt Roskill to State Highway 16 in the west at Point Chevalier, and is a part of the Western Ring Route. It was formerly known as the SH20 Avondale extension.

The Waterview link will be 4.5 km long, of which 2.5 km are to be in a mostly bored twin tunnel, with three lanes in each tunnel. Upon opening, the two tunnels will supersede the Lyttelton Road Tunnel as New Zealand's longest road tunnels. By 2026, it is expected to carry 83,000 vehicles a day.[1][2]

On 21 December 2009 a final alignment and extended tunnel option was announced requiring 205 houses to be bulldozed.[3] From late 2010 onwards, the consent process for the motorway proposal proceeded with a new 9-month fast-track format enabled by changes to the Resource Management Act. Significant upgrades and widening (additional traffic lanes) on State Highway 16 from St Lukes Road to Te Atatu was also rolled into the approvals process for Waterview. While the majority of this widening occurs on the Western Ring Route, the widening is not part of the Waterview Connection, except in a legal/approvals sense.

In mid-2011, the Board of Inquiry granted consent, which could not be appealed except on points of law (and was not appealed by any parties). The decision was generally greeted as positive, as it allows work to proceed on the project, and as the Board directed significant environmental mitigation over and above what the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) had originally proposed for the affected communities.

The New Zealand Transport Agency intends to complete the Waterview works in the 2015/16 financial year.[4] The link will be the last section of SH20, and will complete the Western Ring Route.

Planning history

The project has had an extensive planning history, with the earliest consultation having occurred in 2000,[5] though the proposal for a route roughly in the area dates from much earlier.

Routes considered

Oakley Creek, near where the bored tunnels in the final (2010) alignments stop (and will be joined to cut and cover built tunnels for the last section towards SH16).

Several routes were considered, all being variations of either a connection to SH16 along the Rosebank Peninsula (e.g. AR1, AR3) or at the Great North Road interchange at Waterview (e.g. AW1, AW4).[6] It was generally assumed that below-ground construction would be required where AR3 passed through Avondale Heights, to a maximum depth of 41 m. On the basis of technical and environmental assessments, the AR3 and AW4 route options were dismissed.

Transit New Zealand selected the Waterview connection as its preferred route,[7] with the support of the Auckland City Council[8] and Waitakere City Council,[9][10] over the Rosebank option, which is still the preferred route of the Auckland Regional Council.[11] The previous AW1 and AW4 routes favoured a New North Road interchange with ramps facing south, and full connections at the Waterview interchange. The preferred route was announced with a Great North Road interchange replacing New North Road and no southbound access at Waterview. This proved unpopular with local residents, and it is considered unlikely a bored tunnel could accommodate an interchange because of its depth.[12]

The NZ Transport Agency continues to investigate options for the Waterview connection. The three options are:

  1. the AW1 option as previously presented
  2. an extended cut-and-cover option
  3. a full tunnel option

These may include a partial interchange at Great North Road where it meets Blockhouse Bay Road, or a tunnel with no interchange at Great North Road. The NZ Transport Agency is still investigating options for the Waterview interchange.[13]

In Newsletter 11, November 2006,[14] Transit announced that it would be investigating further construction options for the route. The map included expands the study area to the east, which would allow SH20 to run almost directly from the Mt Roskill extension, parallel to Richardson and Woodward Roads, to the SH16 Great North Road interchange at Waterview. Outcome of the tunneling assessment was due around September 2007.[15]

Tolling not considered further

On 4 April 2007 Transit "decided not to progress with the toll proposal at this time". "On balance, and after careful consideration of the public responses and the stakeholder submissions, the Transit Board's view is that it will be too difficult to satisfactorily address those - at times, competing - issues while maintaining a feasible business case for tolling the Western Ring Route".[16]

Bored tunnels preferred

On 7 February 2008, bored tunnels were announced as Transits preferred option.[17] The NZ Transport Agency's preferred option is a pair of two-lane tunnels costing $1.89 billion, rather than a pair of three-lane tunnels costing $2.14 billion. NZTA's traffic modelling indicates the capacity of the two-lane tunnels would be reached within 10 years of operation.[18] Map of Tunnel Route

Transit NZ's board resolved to seek a designation over land for a $1.89 billion pair of motorway tunnels through Waterview.[19] The board called for a report from officials on managing fumes from the tunnel "to benchmark the proposed approach incorporated in the design work to date against current international best practice". In response to submissions questioning the adequacy of just two traffic lanes running in each direction, it sought a comparative assessment of the operational performance and costs of providing three-lane tunnels, initially estimated at $2.14 billion.[20]

Tunnels are not much more expensive than a far more disruptive option of a surface route combined with limited sections of "cut and cover" trenches costing $1.7 billion. A full surface option would be prevented by a need to run the motorway under or over two rail corridors, several busy arterial roads and Oakley Creek. National fully supported completing the region's western ring route in no more than eight years.[21]

Public-private partnership investigation

The government set up a joint public-private sector steering group to investigate the feasibility of a public-private partnership (PPP) as a procurement method for the Waterview Connection Project. A PPP will be evaluated alongside a conventional public sector procurement method to determine how the two methods compare in terms of value for money. The steering group has as an independent chairperson, Sir Brian Elwood, and reports directly to the Ministers of Finance and Transport. It was expected to report back to Government by the end of June 2008.[22][23]

It was announced on 26 August 2008 that the steering group advised the Government that a public-private partnership (PPP) would be the best way of building the new $2 billion section of the city's Western Ring Route. Finance Minister Michael Cullen said a PPP, which would mean tolls of about $2 a trip, was looking "pretty positive". Transport Minister Annette King said the report identified several critical factors that would need to be met for the project to be successful, and she had ordered officials to do more work before the Government committed to a PPP. Treasury, Transport Ministry and New Zealand Transport Agency officials would report back to ministers by October or early November. "Once this work is done Cabinet will be able to make some firm decisions on how to progress Waterview."[24]

Notice of requirement deferred

The NOR, which was expected to be lodged by the end of November 2008,[25] was deferred. The NZTA stated that they would keep working towards lodgement while the technical issues were worked through. The following points have been raised:

Request to reconsider Rosebank route

The ARC requests NZTA to reconsider whether the proposed Waterview Connection is the most cost-effective way of completing the Western Ring Road. This should include reconsideration of the costs and benefits of the alternative Rosebank route.[28][29]

Cost of bored tunnels questioned

In 2009, the CEO of Federated Farmers, Conor English (brother of the Finance Minister of the same period, Bill English), announced that Federated Farmers wanted the government to review the tunnelling with a view to cancelling it. He argued in an editorial that the project represented a "tunnel with no hill", costed at that time at about $1.9 billion or about $600 million a kilometre. Therefore, the motorway should instead be built as a surface road, and the savings instead invested into water storage projects benefitting farming.[30]

On 30 January 2009 Transport Minister Steven Joyce announced his concern with the $3.16 billion cost (including financing costs of more than $500 million and an upgrade of the nearby Northwestern Motorway for $240 million) of three-lane tunnels, as he was "not comfortable" with the idea of building two-lane structures with no ability to enlarge them for future traffic demand. He has given officials until April to review all options for a connection of State Highway 20 to the Northwestern at Waterview, including a potentially disruptive surface route through Mt Albert and previously discarded "cut and cover" proposals. He was unable to predict a completion date for Auckland's 42 km western ring route, saying officials regarded a 2015 target of the previous Labour government as "aspirational".[31]

Combination tunnel method announced

Local protests, such as here at the end of the existing stub of SH20, played a role in a combined surface and tunnel being reconsidered.

On 13 May 2009 NZTA announced its new preferred route for the Waterview Connection motorway as a combination of surface, bored tunnel and cut and cover tunnel. The tunnels would be constructed with provision for three lanes in each direction.[32]

A raised surface motorway through Allen Wood Reserve[33] and the short section between the bored and cut and cover tunnel portals near the Great North Rd and Blockhouse Bay Rd intersection[34] are the largest differences between the new preferred route and the previous bored tunnel option.[35] At $1,165 million, it is cheaper than the $1,974 million two-lane bored tunnel option and $2,335 million three-lane bored tunnel option.[36]

Combined surface/tunnel alignment confirmed

On 11 September 2009 the NZTA Board confirmed the combined surface/tunnel alignment for the Waterview Connection. The Board is confident that the project's effects can be managed in a fair and reasonable way and that many of the community concerns can be addressed through good design. Over the next two months the NZTA will provide the Board with details on how a range of issues will be addressed,[37] including:

Subject to board approval on 27 November 9 of a final design for the motorway, the NZTA will lodge a land designation application early next year with Auckland City, for a construction start in 2011-12 and completion in 2015.[39][40]

"Final" alignment confirmed

On 21 December 2009 the NZTA announced the tunnels would be built further east, as continuous tunnels without an (open) gap halfway and expressed confidence that they would be able to be completed within the original project budget. NZTA argued that this would be the most cost-effective option for constructing this section, and would require 205 houses to be bulldozed. Underground land will need to be purchased from 105 properties. The board had decided against including a central interchange at New North Road. Construction on the project was proposed to start in mid to late 2011 with an anticipated completion date in the 2015/16 financial year.[4]

The revised route map[41] shows road header constructed tunnels running from Alan Wood reserve opposite Range View / Stewart Roads, under the north end of Hendon Ave and under Pak 'n Save, continuing under the ends of Powell St & Craddock St, under the Phyllis St softball fields, under the Oakley Creek waterfall and reserve with a final section of cut & cover under Great North Rd and emerging in Waterview Park as per previous options.

"Road of National Significance" & Fast-tracking

In 2009, Steven Joyce, New Zealand's Minister of Transport, declared the project one of the "Roads of National Significance". Crucially, this step allowed the application to be considered by a new governmental body, the Environmental Protection Authority, a fast-track process which bypasses normal resource consent and Environment Court processes, in favour of a fixed 9-month process led by a "Board of Enquiry", whose decision cannot be appealed except on points of law. The decision to fast-track was cited as to avoid approval delays which had held up other projects for over 15 years, though local groups were pessimistic about their chance to achieve fair mitigation within the tight process.[42]

The tunnel sections will now be approximately 2.4 km long. Also included in the fast-tracked project was the decision to undertake significant capacity-related widening works on State Highway 16, which are outside of the Waterview area (from St Lukes Road interchange to beyond Te Atatu), which were bundled into the application process which consists of 54 resource consents and 7 designations.[43]

With around 40 folders of materials and plans to go through, local community groups expressed anger in October 2010 that they would only have four weeks to formulate submissions regarding the fast-tracked applications. Calls by Auckland City Council and an affected community board to extend the deadline were rejected, citing the tight statutory timeframe.[43]

Consent approvals

Process and hearing

The consenting process was (as of the end of 2010) continuing in parallel with the tendering process in order to save time (i.e. NZTA was assuming that the project will achieve consent largely as applied for). On 3 September 2010, NZTA’s application for designation and resource consents for the Waterview Connection section of the Western Ring Route ‘road of national significance project’ was referred to a Board of Inquiry, chaired by Environment Court judge Laurie Newhook.[44]

The EPA publicly notified the application package on 18 September 2010, with the period for public submissions closing 15 October 2010.[45] Evidence needs to be produced and provided to NZTA by 17 December 2010. The Board of Inquiry hearing was to run February to April 2011 (actually taking 16 days of hearings until March), with a draft decision by the Board of Inquiry expected in May, with the final decision due by 20 June 2011. This was later slightly pushed out to 30 June.[44]

A number of matters came into public focus during the hearings process. One of them was the shape and locations of the two proposed ventilation shaft buildings near the northern and southern tunnel entries, and their likely effect on local visual amenity (with the shafts, at 25m-27m height, proposed to tower visibly over surrounding suburban areas) and local air pollution levels (where an indepependent report considered that the NZTA had been too optimistic in terms of pollution conditions during traffic jams and due to induced demand).[2][46] Other matters included effects on local neighbourhoods, even those were demolition was not expected, such as for several apartment buildings directly adjacent to a multi-year construction site.[47]

Board of Inquiry decision

On 9 May 2011 it was reported that the NZTA has been directed to, among other mitigation changes:[44]

The draft decision on the overall project was released end of May 2011, confirming the matters of the earlier direction, with the final result not significantly different[44] when released end of June 2011.[48]

Community response

While community groups still expressed negative views about the motorway after the hearings process, many noted that they felt the tunneling (compared to a 2009 surface alignment) and the added mitigation prescribed on NZTA during the hearings process, had helped to make the result more acceptable for the local communities. While some described the process as a "David and Goliath" fight, most agreed that the Board of Inquiry had handled the process well, and listened to local concerns.[1][5][44]

Construction

Start of enabling works

In March 2010, NZTA announced that $10 million enabling works would start at the southeastern end of the route, diverting a sewer line and a tributary of Oakley Creek in preparation for the new Maioro St interchange. While the works will occur on land already designated as motorway, local groups were concerned that the move preempted the consenting process for the main alignment, which still was to happen at that stage.[49]

In October 2010 the NZTA signed a contract with Fletcher construction to complete stage 2 of the $40m project at the Maioro Street Interchange.[50] In November 2010, NZTA continue to negotiate the acquiring of the Faulkner Collins' factory and offices from Stoddard Rd in Mt Roskill under the public works act, in order to make way for the Maioro St interchange connection to Stoddard Rd. Faulkner Collins employees took turns sleeping at the factory, fearing the NZTA would change the locks during the night.[51][52][53]

Contract awarded

16 November 2010, NZTA announced the two shortlisted competitors to construct the project, being two alliances of companies, one jointly led by McConnell Dowell and Fletcher Construction and one led by Fulton Hogan in partnership with Australia's Leighton Contractors. A third consortium led by Baulderstone missed out on selection. As of May 2010, it was known that each of the two remaining tenderers had about 140-150 staff preparing bids for the project, and one tenderer, after the decision, noted that they had spent about $18 million preparing the bid. Construction start is expected to be before Christmas 2011.[5][54][55]

In mid-2011, it was announced that the 'Well Connected' consortium led by Fletcher Construction had won the tender, for $1.3 billion.[55] The consortium also includes McConnell Dowell Obayashi Corporation, PB New Zealand, Beca Infrastructure and Tonkin + Taylor. The consortium includes five sub-alliance partners and contractors: SICE, Wilson Tunnelling, Downer EDI Works, Boffa Miskell and Warren and Mahoney. The consortium works on the alliance model, in which financial risks and incentives are shared among all partners.

Construction by Earth Pressure Balance TBM

Construction of the tunnels will be via a 14m diameter ‘Earth Pressure Balance’ Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) which will bore the twin tunnels (in two subsequent passes) as deep as 45 metres beneath the surface, to pass below the hard-rock legacy of the region’s volcanic activity, the water table and sea level. This replaces the previously favoured road header and rock bolting style of tunnelling from the design and tendering phase. The TBM will be the 11th largest machine of this type in the world.[56] Cutterhead diameter will be 14.53m, the 10th largest ever built. Concrete lining outer diameter 14.1m, internal diameter 13.1m. The 12 metre-long shield will arrive in NZ in 8 pieces, collectively weighing 2300 tonnes. TBM is made up of 90 pieces, total length 97m, top speed 80mm/minute, built at the Herrenknecht factory, Guangzhou, China and cost NZ$50M. Due to arrive in Auckland July 2013, reassembled at the southern tunnel portal and begin tunnelling in October 2013.[57][58][59]

While press releases state that the project will be completed by 2016, the construction programme shows tunneling being complete by April 2017.[60][61]

Proposal to relocate northern vent stack

The construction consortium in December 2011 proposed to relocate the northern stack from the east side of Great North Rd, to the north side of Herdman Street. As the Earth Pressure Balance TBM can bore much shallower to the surface than techniques assumed during the design phase, the cut and cover tunneling technique is not required below Great North Road. This means a duct below Gt North Rd to a stack on the east side could not be constructed at the same time as the tunnels. The northern location for the stack had been studied earlier but dismissed because of greater cost, and the location had also created concerns among locals due to greater visual effects than that finally chosen by the Board of Inquiry.[62]

Enabling Works January–June 2012

Enabling works will start in January 2012 between the Maioro Street interchange and Alan Wood Reserve and include:

Local electricity distribution company Vector also carried out enabling works to supply electricity to the tunnel portal sites for construction, and included:[64]

Southern Portal works

Beginning July 2012[61]

Northern Portal works and Great North Road Interchange

Beginning May 2013[61] (note that works at the northern end will not initially involve tunnel boring)

Tunnelling

A TBM launch ceremony was held on 31 October and tunneling began on 8 November 2013.[65] The southbound tunnel, excavated from south to north, was holed through on 29 September 2014.[66] The TBM was disassembled and then reassembled to begin tunneling from the northern end of the northbound tunnel. Tunneling is scheduled for completion by April 2017.[61]

Mitigation and related projects

Great North Road and the overbridge of the Northwestern Cycleway. The tunnel will surface just to the west (right hand of the picture).

A number of not directly motorway-related projects will form part of the SH20 connection works, either to mitigate negative effects on the environment, or to provide for other transport modes.

Avondale–Southdown railway line

Enabling works and allowance for the Avondale–Southdown Line are a part of constructing SH20.[67][68] KiwiRail sees this route as strategically important as it is the only real alternative cross-isthmus heavy rail route to the existing Newmarket Line, the further upgrading of which is not realistically feasible or possible. KiwiRail request that any tunnel construction does not preclude rail above it in the future, including the possibility of rail being trenched to cross below New North Road to connect to the existing North Auckland Line.[69]

Passive Open Space

Passive open space will be lost during construction of the motorway to construction lay down areas and lost permanently where the motorway & associated structures are built. NZTA has proposed replacement passive open space below & around the Waterview interchange ramps, and the existing privately owned empty site adjoining Alan Wood reserve & future surface motorway.[70]

Active Open Space

The existing fields at Waterview Park and Alan Wood Reserve will be lost. NZTA propose to construct new fields adjacent to the Waterview interchange, and above the tunnel entrances at Alan Wood Reserve. These would likely be used as construction lay down areas during construction.[70] During the project Expo's, NZTA had proposed to develop additional fields at Phyllis St for use during the construction period but this was dropped for the EPA submission.[71]

Walkways and cycleways

Documents shown during the public consultation phase in early 2010 showed a proposed walkway and cycleway generally following the line of the motorway / tunnel alignment, connecting the existing SH16 Cycleway with the end of the then-existing SH20 Cycleway, including a walking/cycling bridge over Oakley Creek at Phyllis Street.[71][72] However, at lodgement time in 2010, NZTA clarified that it would only build cycleways along the sections that are not located in a tunnel, leaving the potential for a connecting cycleway between SH16 and SH20 in doubt.[73]

After a several-months-long hearing process, the Board of Inquiry in mid-2011 however came to the decision that a walkway and cycleway along the tunnel alignment was a required mitigation for open space loss in the areas around both tunnel portals (though not technically as transport mitigation), and that NZTA will have to pay for (though not build) the facility.[44] Cycling advocates Cycle Action Auckland lauded the decision as a resounding win for cycling in Auckland, and a key part in making the Waterview Connection into a truly multi-modal project. The approximate route of the cycleway will be from near Alford Street in Waterview, crossing a new bridge over Oakley Creek, then through Phyllis Reserve, before crossing to Allan Woods Reserve in New Windsor/Owairaka via a new bridge over the rail line at Soljak Place.[73]

The bridge from Soljak Place over the railway to Harbutt reserve is the first priority of the Alan Wood Reserve / Soljak Place to Waterview area cycleway, public consultation to be undertaken early 2012.[74]

Maioro Street to New Lynn

As part of the SH20 Mt Roskill extension, NZTA widened Maioro Street from two to four lanes, completed mid-2009.[75] The Auckland City Council was responsible for widening the remaining route to New Lynn, i.e. New Windsor Road, Tiverton Road and Wolverton Road.[76] While it completed some widening of Tiverton Road in 2007, Council deferred completing any more widening until 2015–2020.[77] In late 2011, Auckland Transport called for expressions of interest from contractors to complete the works. Construction was expected to start in the first half of 2012 subject to tender and NZTA funding, and take up to two years to complete.[78] On 17 April 2012 Auckland Transport announced that NZTA will fund 53% of the project.[79]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Waterview makes most of tunnel". Central Leader. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  2. 1 2 Dearnaley, Mathew (24 January 2010). "Agency chided over pollution figures". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
  3. ↑ "Final alignment for Western Ring Route unveiled". The New Zealand Herald. 21 December 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  4. 1 2 NZTA Media Release 21 Dec 09
  5. 1 2 3 Dearnaley, Mathew (27 May 2011). "Waterview approval starts race to win contract". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  6. ↑ Consultation (from the Transit New Zealand website)
  7. ↑ "AW1 is the confirmed preferred route for the Waterview Connection" Newsletter 8, February 2006 (from the SH20 project website of Transit New Zealand)
  8. ↑ December 2005, Auckland City voted to support the extension of SH20 through Waterview
  9. ↑ "Waitakere City conditionally support Waterview option" 9 February 2006, City Development Committee page 2-9
  10. ↑ "Waitakere City conditionally support Waterview option" 27 November 2006, Council page 8
  11. ↑ 14 March 2006, ARC media release ARC supports Rosebank route for SH20 extension
  12. ↑ Mathew Dearnaley (30 August 2006). "Transit may ditch Mt Albert interchange plan". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  13. ↑ 21 March 2007, Waitakere City Council meeting agenda
  14. ↑ Newsletter 11, November 2006 (from the Western Ring Route project website of Transit New Zealand)
  15. ↑ Political Liaison Group, Western Ring Route – SH20 Waterview, 10th Meeting – Friday 27 April 2007, Minutes
  16. ↑ Transit decides not to proceed with Western Ring Route toll concept, Transit Media Release, 4 April 2007
  17. ↑ Transit New Zealand. "Transit - Waterview Connection". Retrieved 8 February 2008.
  18. ↑ Mathew Dearnaley (17 April 2008). "Groups call for three-lane tunnels". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  19. ↑ 4 June 2008 TRANSIT BOARD SEEKS TO PROTECT TUNNEL ROUTE FOR WATERVIEW
  20. ↑ Mathew Dearnaley (5 June 2008). "Designation sought over motorway land despite opposition". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  21. ↑ Mathew Dearnaley (6 June 2008). "National alleges Labour influence over tunnels". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  22. ↑ Transit Waterview Connection Home Page
  23. ↑ Tresury webpage, Waterview Connection PPP Procurement Investigation
  24. ↑ "Motorway tolls move a step closer". The New Zealand Herald. 26 August 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  25. ↑ NZTA Waterview Connection Reference Group 31 July 2008 minutes
  26. ↑ "School gets help in air quality dispute". Auckland City Harbour News. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
  27. ↑ "Tunnel holds up building new homes". Central Leader. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
  28. ↑ ARC agenda 24 November 2008
  29. ↑ ARC minutes 24 November 2008
  30. ↑ "Conor English: We can bank on wealth of water". The New Zealand Herald. 12 January 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
  31. ↑ Mathew Dearnaley (31 January 2009). "Cost blowout threatens tunnel plan". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  32. ↑ "Residents hit by Waterview decision contacted from today". The New Zealand Herald. 13 May 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  33. ↑ Transit Waterview Connection website, Allan Wood Reserve cross-section
  34. ↑ Transit Waterview Connection website, Artists impression of tunnel portal at Avondale Heights
  35. ↑ Transit Waterview Connection website, Route Map
  36. ↑ Transit Waterview Connection website, presentation of preferred route
  37. ↑ NZTA Media Release 11 Sep 09
  38. ↑ NZTA Board paper 09/08/0250 Report on Community and Stakeholder Engagement (Supplementary Paper)
  39. ↑ Dearnaley, Mathew (12 September 2009). "Motorway to go ahead despite concerns". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
  40. ↑ NZTA Board meeting dates and agendas
  41. ↑ Revised Route Map 21 Dec 09
  42. ↑ Dearnaley, Mathew (4 September 2010). "Waterview project on fast track". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  43. 1 2 Dearnaley, Mathew (4 October 2010). "Residents refused more time to fight motorway". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dearnaley, Mathew (9 May 2011). "Objectors get their way on towers". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  45. ↑ http://www.epa.govt.nz/applications/waterview/news-and-notices/presentation-24-09-2010.pdf
  46. ↑ Dearnaley, Mathew (19 January 2011). "Filter tunnel fumes, report tells agency". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
  47. ↑ Dearnaley, Mathew (17 January 2011). "Tunnels cause worry for Unitec". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  48. ↑ Dearnaley, Mathew (9 May 2011). "Objectors get their way on towers". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  49. ↑ Dearnaley, Mathew (8 March 2010). "Early start at Waterview". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  50. ↑ NZTA media release, 29 Oct 2010
  51. ↑ Mathew Dearnaley (15 November 2010). "Factory fight costs Crown $500,000". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  52. ↑ Local jobs must be protected in Faulkner Collins dispute say Local Board Members, InfoNews 12 Nov 2010
  53. ↑ "Auckland company fights eviction by NZTA". One News. 8 November 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
  54. ↑ "NZTA announces shortlist to deliver Waterview Connection". Press Release. New Zealand Transport Agency. 16 November 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  55. 1 2 Gibson, Anne (24 August 2011). "Price 'decisive' for Waterview contract". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  56. ↑ "Getting underway before going underground". Press Release. New Zealand Transport Agency. 29 November 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
  57. ↑ "Tunnel quick facts" (PDF). Press Release. New Zealand Transport Agency. 19 August 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
  58. ↑ "MediaRelease6mar2013". Press Release. New Zealand Transport Agency. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
  59. ↑ "Tunnelling about to begin on Waterview project".
  60. ↑ "NZTA awards contract for New Zealand's biggest-ever roading project". Press Release. New Zealand Transport Agency. 19 August 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
  61. 1 2 3 4 "Construction Programme" (PDF). Press Release. New Zealand Transport Agency. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
  62. ↑ Dearnaley, Mathew (16 December 2011). "Ventilation tower for tunnels may be moved". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
  63. ↑ "Construction on the Waterview Connection project". Press Release. New Zealand Transport Agency. 29 November 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
  64. ↑ "Electricity Asset Management Plan 2012–2022" (PDF). Vector Limited. April 2012. p. 5.86–5.88. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  65. ↑ "World class Large Tunnel Boring Machines Started Operation" (Press release). Obayashi Corporation. 2013-12-17. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
  66. ↑ "Alice the tunnel-boring machine breaks through" (Press release). Stuff.co.nz. 29 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
  67. ↑ FAQ How will the new section of motorway affect the existing Southdown rail designation (from the SH20 project website of Transit New Zealand)
  68. ↑ SH20 Mt Roskill includes enabling works for a future rail line (from the Transit New Zealand website)
  69. ↑ "Evidence of Pamela Marie Butler on behalf of KiwiRail" (PDF). KiwiRail / Environmental Protection Authority. 17 December 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  70. 1 2 NZTA project website
  71. 1 2 Expo Posters
  72. ↑ "Council seeks improvements for Waterview". CityScene. Auckland City Council. 25 July 2010.
  73. 1 2 "Deal for cyclists takes step up". The New Zealand Herald. 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
  74. ↑ ONW community liaison meeting 2, meeting notes, 13 Dec 2011
  75. ↑ Transit: Mt Roskill extension Project Details
  76. ↑ Auckland City Council, Tiverton Road/Wolverton Street upgrade
  77. ↑ Dearnaley, Mathew (21 December 2007). "Road widening to wait until after World Cup". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
  78. ↑ Auckland Transport, Tiverton Wolverton upgrade
  79. ↑ Auckland Transport, Funding approval given for Tiverton-Wolverton

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