Watsonia (plant)

Watsonia
Watsonia fulgens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Iridaceae
Subfamily:	Ixioideae
Tribe:	Watsonieae
Genus:	Watsonia Miller
Type species
Watsonia meriana (L.) Miller
Species
58 species, including: Watsonia aletroides (Burm.f.) Ker Gawl. Watsonia amabilis Goldblatt Watsonia amatolae Goldblatt Watsonia angusta Ker Gawl. Watsonia bachmannii L.Bolus Watsonia bella N.E.Br. ex Goldblatt Watsonia borbonica (Pourr.) Goldblatt Watsonia borbonica subsp. ardernei (Sander) Goldblatt Watsonia borbonica subsp. borbonica Watsonia canaliculata Goldblatt Watsonia coccinea (Herb. ex Baker) Baker Watsonia confusa Goldblatt Watsonia densiflora Baker Watsonia distans L.Bolus Watsonia dubia Eckl. ex Klatt Watsonia elsiae Goldblatt Watsonia emiliae L.Bolus Watsonia fergusoniae L.Bolus Watsonia fourcadei J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus Watsonia galpinii L.Bolus Watsonia gladioloides Schltr. Watsonia humilis Mill. Watsonia hysterantha J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus Watsonia inclinata Goldblatt Watsonia knysnana L.Bolus Watsonia laccata (Jacq.) Ker Gawl. Watsonia latifolia N.E.Br. ex Oberm. Watsonia lepida N.E.Br. Watsonia × longifolia J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus Watsonia marginata (L.f.) Ker Gawl. Watsonia marlothii L.Bolus Watsonia meriana (L.) Mill. Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera (J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus) D.A.Cooke Watsonia meriana var. meriana Watsonia minima Goldblatt Watsonia mtamvunae Goldblatt Watsonia obrienii V. Tibergen Watsonia occulta L.Bolus Watsonia paucifolia Goldblatt Watsonia pillansii L.Bolus Watsonia pondoensis Goldblatt Watsonia pulchra N.E.Br. ex Goldblatt Watsonia rogersii L.Bolus Watsonia rourkei Goldblatt Watsonia schlechteri L.Bolus Watsonia spectabilis Schinz Watsonia stenosiphon L.Bolus Watsonia stokoei L.Bolus Watsonia strictiflora Ker Gawl. Watsonia strubeniae L.Bolus Watsonia tabularis J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus Watsonia transvaalensis Baker Watsonia vanderspuyae L.Bolus Watsonia versfeldii J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus Watsonia watsonioides (Baker) Oberm. Watsonia wilmaniae J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus Watsonia wilmsii L.Bolus Watsonia zeyheri L.Bolus
Synonyms[1]
Meriana Trew Lomenia Pourr. Lemonia Pers. Warneria Mill. ex L.

Watsonia (bugle lily) is a genus of plants in the iris family, subfamily Crocoideae. Watsonias are native to southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho, + Swaziland).^[1] The genus is named after Sir William Watson, an 18th-century British botanist.^[2]

Diversity

There are 56 accepted species in southern Africa, with two varieties and about 112 names either unresolved or regarded as synonyms.^[3] All are perennial herbs growing from corms and producing erect spikes of showy flowers. Most are fynbos plants, adapted to a Mediterranean-type climate, but some occur along the eastern and inland areas of the country and adapted to a wider range of conditions, mainly continental climate with summer rainfall. Many species occur mainly in the mountains, though some occur in sandy flats and marshy areas.

Cultivation

The most commonly cultivated species is the pink-flowered Watsonia borbonica and its white mutant 'Arderne's White'. These were crossed with Watsonia meriana and other species in the early 20th century by breeders including John Cronin in Australia and Luther Burbank in California to produce a wide range of cultivars. Watsonia has been eclipsed in popularity by Gladiolus and other bulbs, and is now neglected by the nursery industry.

Distribution

Native to South Africa, Watsonia species were introduced as garden ornamentals to Australia in the mid-19th century and were widely grown by the 1940s.

In the South-West of Western Australia, six species have become naturalised from garden escapes along rivers, wetlands and seasonally wet ground. In places Watsonia spp. have displaced native understorey flora; concentrations of them create a fire hazard in summer.^[4]

Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera is also a weed in New Zealand, Réunion and Mauritius.^[5]

Notes

1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2. Manning, John; Goldblatt, Peter (2008). The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 135–38. ISBN 0-88192-897-6.
3. The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; (accessed 1 September 2012)
4. Environmental Weeds Action Network (Western Australia)
5. "Wild Watsonia - Department of Primary Industry". 2007. Retrieved 2009-05-08.

References

• Goldblatt, P. (1989) The Genus Watsonia. Ann. Kirstenbosch Bot. Gard. 19. (National Botanic Gardens: Cape Town).

Hussey, BMJ; Keighery GJ; Cousens RD; Dodd J; Lloyd SG (1997). Western Weeds: A Guide to the Weeds of Western Australia. Perth: Plant Protection Society of WA. ISBN 0-646-32440-3.

External links

• http://members.ozemail.com.au/~davcooke/watsonia.htm
• http://www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&ibra=all&card=E51

• Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014). [http://www.africanplants.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?submitForm=true&page_id=77&searchTextMenue=Watsonia&filterRegionIDs[]=6&filterRegionIDs[]=1&filterRegionIDs[]=2&filterRegionIDs[]=3&filterRegionIDs[]=5 "Watsonia"]. African plants – a Photo Guide. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.