Westland IV

IV/Wessex
Westland Wessex of SABENA. This aircraft was originally built as a Westland IV, registered as G-AAJI, then upgraded to a Wessex and sold to SABENA as OO-AGC, then later sold to Cobham Air Routes and registered again as G-ABAJ.
Role	Light Transport Aircraft
National origin	United Kingdom
Manufacturer	Westland Aircraft
Designer	Arthur Davenport, Robert Bruce[1]
First flight	22 February 1929
Primary user	Sabena
Number built	10

The Westland IV and Westland Wessex were high wing, three-engined light transport aircraft built by Westland Aircraft.

Design and development

The Westland IV first flew on 21 February 1929 at which time it was powered by the 95 hp Cirrus engine. This prototype was registered as G-EBXK and was certified for a crew of two and four passengers. The second machine had Hermes engines and a metal rear fuselage. The third machine, G-ABAJ, was modified to take the 105 hp Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major engines as well as some other changes and became the prototype Westland Wessex. The two Westland IVs were subsequently converted to Wessexes giving 10 aircraft in total.

The Wessex was noted for its reliability and ability to make short landing runs. This made it attractive to Sir Alan Cobham in 1935 when he was looking for a small airliner to use for a service between Guernsey and the UK mainland. Previously, flyingboats had been used to provide a service between Portsmouth and St Peter Port on the island. There was no public airfield at the time on Guernsey, only the private airfield at L'Eree run by the Guernsey Aero Club, of which Sir Alan was a member. The Wessex was certified as the only commercial aircraft to use L'Eree. Cobham Air Routes Ltd used the following Wessex aircraft:

G-EBXK - Westland serial number 1771, granted its certificate of airworthiness on 21 March 1929. Originally the prototype Westland IV and retained as a demonstrator, later converted to a Wessex and sold to Cobham Air Routes Ltd in 1935 and withdrawn from use in 1936.

G-ABAJ - Westland serial number 1897, c. of a. 27 May 1930. Built as a Westland IV and registered as G-AAJI, originally intended for service in Kenya with Wilson's Airways but the order was never taken up. Instead, G-AAJI was rebuilt as a Wessex and sold to Sabena with Belgian registration OO-AGC, before being in turn sold to Cobham in 1935. This aircraft was used by Trafalgar Advertising in 1936.

G-ADEW - Westland serial number 1899, c. of a. 6 August 1930, sold to Sabena and registered as OO-AGF, then bought by Cobham in 1935. Unfortunately, this aircraft was lost in the Channel on 3 July 1935, 3 to 4 miles south off The Needles. The only passenger on board, a Mr C F Grainger, was picked up by the SS Stanmore and taken to Fowey. The pilot, W H Ogden, was presumed drowned within the aircraft and was never found. The blame was largely placed on Ogden, but was probably also due to the age of the Wessex airframes and their engines. This accident was the last straw for Sir Alan, who was struggling operationally, and he sold his airline to Olley Air Service.

G-ADFZ - Westland serial number 1900, c. of a. 30 August 1930, sold to Sabena and registered as OO-AGF, and bought by Cobham in 1935. G-ADFZ went on to work for Trafalgar Advertising with G-ABAJ, and it was decided to take G-ADFZ to Blackpool for the air display in September 1935. On 7 September 1935 it was involved in a collision over Blackpool with an Avro 504N (G-ACOD), the Wessex crashing in Cedar Square with the crew safe but all three occupants of the Avro being killed. Repaired, G-ADFZ was finally withdrawn from service 1 December 1946.

Operators

 Egypt

• Egyptian Air Force

 United Kingdom

• Royal Air Force
• AST Ltd, Hamble - taken on by RAF and used as navigation trainers from 1939
• Great Western Railway Air Services Ltd - passenger air services between Cardiff Municipal Airport and Plymouth (1934 - 1939)
• Cobham Air Routes - passenger air services between Christchurch Airfield and Guernsey L'Eree (1935)
• Portsmouth, Southsea and Isle of Wight Aviation Co., Ltd - passenger services.
• Imperial Airways - passenger services.
• Trafalgar Advertising Co Ltd - night-time airborne illuminated advertising, including for Oxo.

 Belgium

• SABENA - passenger services, sold their aircraft to Cobham Air Routes Ltd in 1935.

Specifications (Wessex (Genet Major 1A)

Data from British Civil Aircraft 1919-1972: Volume III ^[2]

General characteristics

• Crew: Two
• Capacity: Six passengers ^[3]
• Length: 38 ft 0 in (11.59 m)
• Wingspan: 57 ft 6 in (17.53 m)
• Height: 9 ft 6 in (2.89 m)
• Wing area: 490 ft² (45.5 m²)
• Empty weight: 3,891 lb (1,769 kg)
• Loaded weight: 6,300 lb (2,864 kg)
• Powerplant: 3 × Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major 1A 7-cylinder air cooled radial engine, 140 hp (104 kW) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 122 mph (106 knots, 196 km/h)
• Cruise speed: 100 mph (87 knots, 161 km/h)
• Range: 420 mi (365 NM, 676 km)
• Service ceiling: 14,900 ft (4,540 m)
• Rate of climb: 680 ft/min (3.46 m/s)
• Wing loading: 12.9 lb/ft² (62.9 kg/m²)
• Power/mass: 0.067 hp/lb (0.11 kW/kg)

References

1. James 1991, p. 176.
2. Jackson 1988, pp.246-247.
3. After ballast tests, the Air Ministry certified Sir Alan Cobham's four aircraft to fly out of the tiny Guernsey airfield of L'Eree with six passengers on 6 May 1935, p135-136, "From Sea-Eagle to Flamingo, Channel Island Airlines 1923-1939", Neville Doyle, ISBN 1 85421 103X.

• Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft 1919-1972: Volume III. London, Putnam, 1988. ISBN 0-85177-818-6.
• British Aircraft directory accessed 2 Feb 2007
• James, Derek N (1991). Westland aircraft since 1915. Putnam. ISBN 0-85177-847-X.

External links

• Westland "Wessex". A Small Three-Engined Machine With Many Various Applications, Flight, 3 October 1930