Whittington's Longhouse

Whittington's Longhouse (or Whittington's Longhouse and Almshouse) was a public toilet in Cheapside,[1] London, constructed with money given or bequeathed by Richard Whittington, Lord Mayor of London. The toilet had 128 seats: 64 for men and 64 for women. It operated from around 1 May 1421,[2] until the seventeenth century.[3]

The Longhouse, though it was not London's first public toilet, was the first public toilet in the capital divided by gender.[4]

The Longhouse, and the similarly financed almshouse for five[5] or six parishioners constructed above it, was built by the parish of St Martin Vintry, on a long dock over the Thames.[4] It was on Walbrook Street, at the time an actual brook,[6] approximately where the modern Bell Wharf Lane is,[7] and was "flushed by the Thames".[6] The waste was deposited in a gully which was washed by the tides twice a day – the Thames being tidal there.[8]

Rexroth in his 2007 book, Deviance and Power in Late Medieval London argues that with the construction of the almshouse above the privies: "pauperes were assigned new households" where shame had been banished (due to the gender segregation).[4] By the seventeenth century the almshouse was being let on a commercial basis,[7] possibly even as warehousing.[9]

The Longhouse was destroyed in the Great Fire of London and rebuilt on a more modest scale.[9] The new building had six male and six female seats, and, apart from a period where the lessees kept it locked, continued in use until at least 1851, as it is mentioned in an 80-year lease that commenced that year. In a 1935 lease, however, no mention is made, and it is assumed the facilities were by that time closed.[10] After World War Two, the site was rebuilt in 1953 as part of "Redevelopment unit number 10".[10] There is, however, as of 2015, a Bell Wharf Lane public toilet.

The Longhouse and the other gifts to London, notably improvements to the water supply and a more substantial almshouse as well as schools and hospitals, are credited with raising the profile of Dick Whittington among Londoners, and for leading to the legends that surround his name.[1] Longhouse became a bywords for privy, presumably derived from Whittington's Longhouse.[10]

References

  1. 1 2 Mark Ravenhill (28 November 2006). "Confessions of a panto-lover". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  2. ↑ Peter de Loriol (2013). The London Book of Days. The History Press. p. May 1st. ISBN 9780752492438.
  3. ↑ Mary Anne Case. Why not abolish the laws of urinary segregation? (PDF). Toilet: Public Restrooms and the Politics of Sharing. Harvey Molotch and Laura Norén (editors) (New York University Press). p. 4. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 Frank Rexroth (2007). Deviance and Power in Late Medieval London. Past and Present Publications. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521847308. ISSN 1754-792X.
  5. ↑ Terje Oestigaard (2006). Water Control and River Biographies. A History of Water I. Terje Tvedt, Eva Jakobsson, Richard Coopey (editors) (I.B.Tauris). p. 309. ISBN 9781850434450.
  6. 1 2 Lucy Worsley (2011). If Walls Could Talk: An intimate history of the home. Faber & Faber. p. 154. ISBN 9780571259533.
  7. 1 2 John Richardson (2000). The Annals of London: A Year-by-year Record of a Thousand Years of History. University of California Press. p. 62. ISBN 9780520227958.
  8. ↑ "A Medieval Public Convenience". Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  9. 1 2 "List of papers presented to the Guildhall Historical Association from 1944 to the present" (PDF). Guildhall Historical Association. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  10. 1 2 3 P. E. Jones Whittington’s Longhouse, London Topographical Record, 23, 1972. Pages 27–34.

Further reading

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