William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar

Wilhelm
Duke of Saxe-Weimar
Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Jena
Reign 16201662
Predecessor Johann Ernst I
Successor Johann Ernst II in Saxe-Weimar
Bernhard II in Saxe-Jena
Ruler of Saxe-Eisenach
Reign 16441662
Predecessor Albrecht
Successor Adolf Wilhelm in Saxe-Eisenach
Johann Georg in Saxe-Marksuhl
Born (1598-04-11)11 April 1598
Altenburg
Died 17 May 1662(1662-05-17) (aged 64)
Weimar
Spouse Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
Issue Prince Wilhelm, Hereditary Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Jena
Johann Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
Prince Johann Wilhelm
Adolf Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
Johann Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Marksuhl
Princess Wilhelmine Eleonore
Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena
Prince Frederick
Dorothea Marie, Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz
House House of Wettin
Father Johann, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
Mother Dorothea Maria of Anhalt
Religion Lutheranism

Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (Altenburg, 11 April 1598 Weimar, 17 May 1662), was a duke of Saxe-Weimar.

William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
Portrait, William duke of Saxe-Weimar on lit de parade - Skoklosters slott

Wilhelm was the fifth (but third surviving) son of Johann, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, and Dorothea Maria of Anhalt. He was brother to Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, a successful Protestant general in the Thirty Years' War, and to Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (later Altenburg), a successful and well regarded ruler known as "The Pious".

Youth

Like his brothers Johann Ernst and Friedrich, Wilhelm studied at the University of Jena. Later, he accompanied his brothers in their studies abroad. Their educational tour began at the end of August 1613; the brothers visited France, Great Britain and the Netherlands before returning home in 1614.

Some years later, on 24 August 1617, during his mother's funeral, Wilhelm helped found the Fruitbearing Society. In 1651 he became the second head of the society.

Reign

In 1620 Wilhelm became regent of all the estates of his older brother, Johann Ernst, after the latter was subject to the ban of the Empire for refusing to submit to the emperor. When Johann Ernst died in 1626, Wilhelm assumed the title duke of Saxe-Weimar.

One year later, Wilhelm was created a member of the Order of the Stability. During the years 1622-1623, he created a patriotic federation, the German Friedbund, for the promotion of the German states and religious liberties. Wilhelm's maternal uncle, Louis I of Anhalt-Köthen, provided the Friedbund with a generous endowment.

Rise to power

Wilhelm allied himself with his brothers in the Thirty Years' War, serving under Ernst von Mansfeld and Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach. Later he was promoted under the service of Christian the Younger of Brunswick.

During the division of the paternal states in 1640, Wilhelm retained Weimar and Jena, and his younger brother Albrecht received Eisenach. When Albrecht died childless in 1644, Wilhelm assumed control of the entire inheritance.

King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden was responsible for Wilhelm's quick rise through the ranks of the military. After Gustav II Adolf's death however, Count Axel Oxenstierna successfully prevented Wilhelm from assuming another command as lieutenant general, and Wilhelm acceded to the Peace of Prague in 1635.

When Prince Louis I of Anhalt-Köthen died on 7 January 1650, the members of the Fruitbearing Society decided that Wilhelm should become his uncle's successor as head of the society. After the obligatory mourning period, Wilhelm became the new head of the society on 8 May 1651, a position that he retained to the end of his life. In contrast to his predecessor, however, he was essentially limited to representative tasks.

Marriage and children

In Weimar on 23 May 1625, Wilhelm married Eleonore Dorothea, daughter of John George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau. They had nine children:

  1. Wilhelm (b. Weimar, 26 March 1626 - d. Weimar, 1 November 1626).
  2. Johann Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (b. Weimar, 11 September 1627 - d. Weimar, 15 May 1683).
  3. Johann Wilhelm (b. Weimar, 16 August 1630 - d. Weimar, 16 May 1639).
  4. Adolf Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (b. Weimar, 14 May 1632 - d. Eisenach, 22 November 1668).
  5. Johann Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Marksuhl, later of Saxe-Eisenach (b. Weimar, 12 July 1634 - d. on hunt accident, Eckhartshausen, 19 September 1686). Grandfather of Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Queen Consort of George II of Great Britain.
  6. Wilhelmine Eleonore (b. Weimar, 7 June 1636 - d. Weimar, 1 April 1653).
  7. Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena (b. Weimar, 14 October 1638 - d. Jena, 3 May 1678).
  8. Frederick (b. Weimar, 19 March 1640 - d. Weimar, 19 August 1656).
  9. Dorothea Marie (b. Weimar, 14 October 1641 - d. Moritzburg, 11 June 1675), married on 3 July 1656 to Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz.[1]

Legacy

He is portrayed positively as a figure in the fictional 1632 series, also known as the 1632-verse or Ring of Fire series, an alternate history book series, created, primarily co-written, and coordinated by historian Eric Flint.

References

Bibliography

William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
Born: 11 April 1598 Died: 17 May 1662
Preceded by
Johann Ernst I
Duke of Saxe-Weimar
16201662
Succeeded by
Johann Ernst II of Saxe-Weimar
Bernhard II of Saxe-Jena
Preceded by
Albrecht
Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
16441662
Succeeded by
Adolf Wilhelm of Saxe-Eisenach
Johann Georg I of Saxe-Marksuhl
Preceded by
Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen
Head of the Fruitbearing Society
16511662
Succeeded by
August, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels
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