William Howe (architect)
| William Howe | |
|---|---|
| Born |
May 12, 1803 Spencer, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died |
September 19, 1852 (aged 49) Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Architect, engineer |
William Howe (May 12, 1803 – September 9, 1852) was an American architect and bridge builder famous for patenting the Howe truss design for bridges in 1840.[1]
Life and career
William Howe was born on May 12, 1803, in Spencer, Massachusetts,[2] to Elias Jr. and Polly (née Bemis) Howe. His father owned a sawmill,[3] and William was one of nine children. He was a hard-working child, and learned carpentry and construction at an early age. After successfully completing an apprenticeship in carpentry, he enrolled and graduated from Leicester Academy in Leicester, Massachusetts.[2]
Howe married Azubah Stone, daughter of a Charlton, Massachusetts, farmer (and sister of Amasa Stone) in 1828.[4] The Howe family was an inventive one. Howe's brother, Elias Howe, patented the first viable sewing machine. His other brother, Tyler Howe, invented the box spring bed.[5] William Howe established a career as a construction contractor, building homes and churches. He was particularly well-known for his churches.[2] But bridges were his primary interest, and he founded the Howe Bridge Works in 1840.[6]
In 1840, Howe was engaged to build a railroad bridge over the Connecticut River in Springfield, Massachusetts. This famous bridge was of a new, influential design—the Howe truss bridge, which Howe patented in 1840.[5] One of Howe's workmen, Amasa Stone, purchased for $40,000[7] ($948,133 in 2016 dollars) in 1842 the rights to Howe's patented bridge design. (Amasa Stone received financial backing from Azariah Boody, a Springfield businessman.)[8] The rights to the patent extended to bridges and structures erected only in New England.[7] That same year, the two men formed a bridge-building firm, Boody, Stone & Co.,[9] which erected a large number of Howe truss bridges throughout New England.[7]
Howe made additional improvements, and patented a second Howe truss design in 1846.[2]
William Howe suffered a severe carriage accident and died on September 19, 1852. He was buried in Springfield.[10]
References
- ↑ Raymond W. Smith (December 1977), Covered Bridges of Washington County TR / Buskirk, Rexleigh, Eagleville, and Shushan Covered Bridges (pdf), National Park Service
- 1 2 3 4 Johnson 1879, p. 360.
- ↑ Hendrickson 2015, p. 443.
- ↑ Daughters of the American Revolution 1898, p. 24.
- 1 2 Griggs, Frank Jr. (November 2014). "Springfield Bridge for Western Railroad". Structure. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ↑ Knoblock 2012, p. 60.
- 1 2 3 Haddad 2007, p. 3.
- ↑ Gasparini, Dario (Winter 2003). "Historic Bridge News" (PDF). Society for Industrial Archeology Newsletter: 14. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ↑ Johnson 1879, p. 384.
- ↑ Allen 1943, p. 23.
Bibliography
- Allen, Richard Sanders (1943). Covered Bridge Topics. Holliston, Mass.: National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges.
- Daughters of the American Revolution (1898). Lineage Book. Washington, D.C.: National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution.
- Haddad, Gladys (2007). Flora Stone Mather: Daughter of Cleveland's Euclid Avenue and Ohio's Western Reserve. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. ISBN 9780873388993.
- Hendrickson, Kenneth E. (2015). The Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in World History. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780810888883.
- Johnson, Crisfield (1879). History of Cuyahoga County, Ohio: With Portraits and Biographical Sketches of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers. Philadelphia: D.W. Ensign.
- Knoblock, Glenn A. (2012). Historic Iron and Steel Bridges in Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. ISBN 9780786448432.