William II Sánchez of Gascony

William II Sánchez (also William Sancho, Basque: Gilen Antso, French: Guillaume Sanche, Gascon: Guilhem Sans, Latin: Willelmus Sancio, Spanish: Guillén or Guillermo Sancho), Duke of Gascony from circa 961 at least until 996, was the younger illegitimate son of duke Sancho IV and successor, around 961, of his childless elder brother, duke Sancho V. He united the County of Bordeaux with the Gascony. Documents of his reign say that his grandfather came from Iberia, lending credence to "phantasmagorical" genealogies placing the origins of García II Sánchez across the Pyrenees.[1] He died in 996 or 997 and was succeeded by his son Bernard William.

Around 970, William was using only the title of count as when "Lord William Sánchez, count of the Gascons"[2] donated land in the village of "Luco Deo" to the monastery of Saint Vincent-de-Lucq. He inherited the county of Bordeaux from his cousin William the Good, son of his aunt Entregodis, who married one Raymond, and united it to Gascony permanently. He later carried the ducal title. Aimoin entitled him "Count of Bordeaux and duke of all Gascony"[3] in his biography of Abbo of Fleury. Before 977, William also added the Agenais and the Bazadais. This expansion of the duchy was probably the cause of an increase in our information about the region and its dukes after a period of obscurity lasting from the Viking raids of the 840s.

In 977, William restored the priory of La Réole, using the title of dux Wasconum (Duke of Gascony). He was not at that time employing the title Count of Bordeaux. He was in possession of Bordeaux by 988, when he sought the advice of the council of seniores ("lords") of Bordeaux for the restoration of the monastery of Saint-Sever. While Gascony had long been out of the orbit of the French kings, Bordeaux had not been. With its acquisition, William began dating his charters by the reign of the king, Hugh Capet (987–96), with the clause "King Hugh reigning" (regnante rege Hugone).

During the reign of William II, his brother Gombald, the "Bishop of the Gascons", established control over all the dioceses in Gascony and eventually became Archbishop of Bordeaux. The entire Gascon church hierarchy was controlled by William's family. When William travelled to Navarre to join the Reconquista and combat Muslims, he left Gombald in charge in Gascony. In Navarre he acquired a wife, but was forced to return to Gascony as Viking raids became increasingly serious. He perpetrated a major defeat of the Vikings at Taller in 982 and they vanished as a serious threat thereafter. Their permanent settlements along the Adour were removed and they were driven back into the north, the pays de Born-Landes.

Family

William married Urraca Garcés (died before 1008), a daughter of king García Sánchez I of Pamplona (927–70) and widow of count Fernán González of Castile.

They had three children:

William may have been the father (or uncle) of Gersenda, who married Henry I, Duke of Burgundy. He may also have fathered Toda, who married Bernard I of Besalú, who otherwise may have been the daughter of William II of Provence.

Notes

  1. ↑ Higounet, p 44.
  2. ↑ Dominus Willelmus Sancii comes Gasconiorum.
  3. ↑ Burdegalensium comes et ac totius Guasconiae dux.
  4. ↑ Lewis, 348.

Sources

Primary sources

Secondary sources

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