William Sprague IV

William Sprague
United States Senator from Rhode Island
In office March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1875
Preceded by	Samuel G. Arnold
Succeeded by	Ambrose Burnside
27th Governor of Rhode Island
In office May 29, 1860 – March 3, 1863
Lieutenant	J. Russell Bullock Samuel G. Arnold Seth Padelford
Preceded by	Thomas G. Turner
Succeeded by	William C. Cozzens
Personal details
Born	September 12, 1830 Cranston, Rhode Island, U.S.
Died	September 11, 1915 (aged 84) Paris, France
Resting place	Swan Point Cemetery
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Kate Chase Dora Inez Clavert
Profession	Politician, Manufacturer

William Sprague IV (September 12, 1830 – September 11, 1915) was the 27th Governor of Rhode Island from 1860 to 1863, and U.S. Senator from 1863 to 1875. He participated in the First Battle of Bull Run during the American Civil War.

Early years

Sprague was born in the Gov. William Sprague Mansion in Cranston, Rhode Island, the youngest son of Amasa and Fanny Morgan Sprague. His uncle and namesake William Sprague III was also a Governor and U.S. Senator as well as U.S. Representative from Rhode Island. William and brother Amasa's education at the Irving Institute in Tarrytown, New York, was cut short when their father was murdered on New Year's Eve in 1843. The murder was considered a major event of the period, and the trial of accused killer John Gordon was marked by anti-Irish bigotry; Gordon was subsequently found guilty and executed.^[1]

Both brothers were called to work in the family business, the A.& W. Sprague Manufacturing Company, which was then under the direction of their uncle William III. When their uncle died in 1856, William and Amasa – along with their cousin Col. Byron Sprague, son of William III, and their mother Fanny Sprague and Aunt Harriet, widow of William III – became partners in the company. The second incorporation of the A. & W. Sprague Company occurred on June 2, 1859. It soon was the largest calico printing textile mill in the world. The company ran five weaving mills in New England. The Hartford, Providence and Fishkill Railroad – of which William III had purchased controlling interest – connected the five mills to the Sprague Print Works in Cranston. The woven cloth was brought to Cranston to be printed. Sprague later became interested in linen weaving and locomotive building.^[2]

Politics & the Civil War

Like his uncle, William Sprague IV had an interest in politics and was elected in 1860 as the Rhode Island Union Party candidate for Governor over the Republican Party whose candidate was seen as too radical. He was re-elected in 1861 and 1862. At twenty-nine years old, he was the youngest governor of a state at that time. He was sometimes referred to as the "boy governor," a title he may have given himself while campaigning for election.

As the Civil War approached, Sprague promised U.S. President Abraham Lincoln the support of Rhode Island. Upon Lincoln's call for volunteers in April 1861, a brigade of two infantry regiments was raised by Rhode Island. Sprague, believing that the war would last only 48 hours, accompanied the Rhode Island brigade, under command of Colonel Ambrose Burnside, in the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861. During the battle, Sprague acted as an aide to General Burnside and had his horse shot from under him. The Confederate victory made it clear to Sprague that the war would last longer than two days. Although he was offered a commission as a Brigadier General of Volunteers on August 9, 1861, he declined the appointment to focus on his duties as governor.

In 1862, he attended the Loyal War Governors' Conference in Altoona, Pennsylvania, which ultimately backed Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Union war effort. Retiring from the governor's office in 1863, he was elected by the state Senate to two six year terms as US Senator from Rhode Island, taking office on March 4, 1863 and serving until March 3, 1875. He served as chairman of the committees on public lands and on manufactures and as a member of the committees on commerce and on military affairs.^[2]

Innovations and Ideas

After leaving the Senate, he resumed the direction of his manufacturing establishments. He operated the first rotary machine for making horseshoes, perfected a mowing machine, and also various processes in calico printing, especially that of direct printing on a large scale with the extract of madder without a chemical bath. Sprague claimed to have discovered what he called the “principle of the orbit as inherent in social forces.” He asserted that money is endowed with two tendencies, the distributive and the aggregative. When the aggregative tendency predominates, as before the Civil War, decadence results; but when the distributive tendency is in the ascendancy, as it was later in the 19th century, there is progress.^[3]

Marriage to Kate Chase

William and Kate Sprague

On November 12, 1863, Sprague married Kate Chase, daughter of Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase.^[4] She was considered the belle of Washington. Sprague's wedding gift to Kate was a tiara of matched pearls and diamonds that cost more than $50,000.^[5] As the bride entered the room, the Marine Band played "The Kate Chase March" which composer Thomas Mark Clark had written for the occasion. Although their marriage began well, quarreling became more common. They had four children: William (b. 1865), Ethel (b. 1869), Catherine ("Kitty," b. 1871) (who was mentally disabled) and Portia (b. 1873).^[6]

William's financial and political fortunes rapidly deteriorated in 1873, with the financial panic. His holdings were extensive both in Rhode Island and nationally. The death of his father-in-law, Salmon P. Chase, in the same year^[7] who had become Chief Justice of the United States, added to his family problems. Severe setbacks occurred to the A. & W. Sprague Company following the Panic of 1873. Likewise, the Spragues' marriage unravelled as William began to drink more, had affairs with other women and began to criticize Kate's spending. Kate allegedly had an affair with New York senator Roscoe Conkling. According to popular rumor, in 1879 Sprague chased Conkling off his Narragansett estate after catching him with Kate, thus ending the alleged affair.

The couple divorced in 1882. William stayed with his father and the daughters lived with Kate Chase, who took back her maiden name after the divorce.^[6] After spending some time in Europe, Kate lived with her daughters outside Washington, D.C. at Edgewood, her father's estate. When her only son Willie Sprague took his own life at age 25 in 1890, Kate Chase became a recluse. She died in poverty in 1899.

Marriage to Dora Inez Clavert

Following his divorce, William Sprague married Dora Inez Clavert of West Virginia in Staunton, Virginia, in 1883. He regained his interest in politics to become the first Narragansett, Rhode Island Town Council President in 1900. On October 11, 1909, a fire destroyed the Sprague mansion, including Sprague's diaries and other valuable artifacts. The Spragues moved to Paris. During World War I, they opened their apartment as a convalescent hospital for the wounded of all nationalities.

Sprague died of complications from meningitis on September 11, 1915, a day short of his 85th birthday. Following simple funeral services in France, his wife arranged for his body to be brought back to Rhode Island draped in an American flag. He received full military honors when laid to rest in the family tomb at Swan Point Cemetery in Providence, Rhode Island.^[8] He was the last living senator who had served during the Civil War.^[9]

Notes

1. Gordon was posthumously pardoned in 2011. Erika Niedowski, "RI governor pardons Irish man hanged in 1845", Associated Press, June 29, 2011.
2.  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Thurston, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Sprague, William". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
3.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John, eds. (1900). "Sprague, William". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
4. Reeves, Thomas C., Gentleman Boss: The Life of Chester Alan Arthur (Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 1975) p. 152.
5. Kate Chase Sprague at the Wayback Machine (archived October 27, 2009) at www.geocities.com
6. Lori Salotto, "William Sprague Papers", Rhode Island Historical Society, Jun 2000, accessed Sep 2, 2008
7. Chief Justice Salmon P Chase at the Wayback Machine (archived October 27, 2009) at www.geocities.com
8. "Notable Persons Interred at Swan Point Cemetery". Swan Point Cemetery. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
9. Earliest serving United States Senator

References

• William Sprague of Rhode Island at the Wayback Machine (archived February 17, 2006) from The History of Battery A, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery. Aldrich, Thomas. Providence, Snow & Farham, Printers 1904.
•  This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress document "SPRAGUE, William".

Further reading

• William Sprague IV at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Dictionary of American Biography
• Belden, Thomas Graham, and Marva Robins Belden. So Fell the Angels. Boston: Little, Brown Co., 1956.
• Hoffman, Charles and Hoffman, Tess. Brotherly Love: Murder and the Politics of Prejudice in Nineteenth-Century Rhode Island. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1993
• Jordan, David M. Roscoe Conkling of New York: Voice in the Senate. Ithica and London: Cornell University Press, c.1971.
• Knight, Benjamin. History of the Sprague Families, of Rhode Island. Santa Cruz: H. Coffin, 1881.
• Lamphier, Peg A. Kate Chase and William Sprague: Politics and Gender in a Civil War Marriage. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003.
• Shoemaker, Henry Wharton. The Last of the War Governors: A Biographical Appreciation of Colonel William Sprague. Altoona, PA: Altoona Publishing Co., 1916
• Sokoloff, Alice. Kate Chase for the Defense. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1971.
• William Sprague Papers Rhode Island Historical Society

External links

• William Sprague IV at Find a Grave
• Death Certificate
•  "Sprague, William". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.