Wind power by country
As of the end of 2014, worldwide, total cumulative installed capacity from wind power amounts to 369,553 MW and increased by 16% compared to the previous year (318,106 MW). In 2014, world leader China installed almost half of the world's added wind power capacity.[2] Global wind power installations increased by 35,467 megawatts (MW) and 51,447 MW in 2013 and 2014, respectively.
During 2010 and 2011 more than half of all new wind power was added outside of the traditional markets of Europe and North America, mainly driven by the continuing boom in China which accounted for nearly half of all of the installations at 18,000 MW in 2011. At the end of 2015, China had 145GW GW of wind power installed.[3]
Several countries have achieved relatively high levels of wind power penetration, such as 39% of stationary electricity production in Denmark,[4][5] 18% in Portugal,[5] 16% in Spain,[5] 14% in Ireland[6] and 9% in Germany in 2010.[5][7] As of 2011, 83 countries around the world are using wind power on a commercial basis.[7] Wind power's share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 3.1%.[8]
Overview
As of 2011, the Roscoe Wind Farm (781 MW) in the United States is the world's largest wind farm.[9] As of September 2010, the Thanet Wind Farm in United Kingdom is the largest offshore wind farm in the world at 300 MW, followed by Horns Rev II (209 MW) in Denmark. The United Kingdom is the world's leading generator of offshore wind power, followed by Denmark.[10]
There are many large wind farms under or recently constructed and these include BARD Offshore 1 (400 MW), Clyde Wind Farm (548 MW), Greater Gabbard wind farm (500 MW), Lincs Wind Farm (270 MW), London Array (630 MW), Lower Snake River Wind Project (343 MW), Macarthur Wind Farm (420 MW), Shepherds Flat Wind Farm (845 MW), Sheringham Shoal (317 MW), and the Walney Wind Farm (367 MW).
US % |
UK % |
France % |
Italy % |
Spain % |
Germany % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strongly oppose | 3 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
Oppose more than favour | 9 | 12 | 16 | 11 | 9 | 14 |
Favour more than oppose | 37 | 44 | 44 | 38 | 37 | 42 |
Strongly favour | 50 | 38 | 33 | 49 | 53 | 40 |
Source: Harris Poll, 2010. Base: All EU and U.S. adults.[11] Note: Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding |
Graphics
|
|
Installed windpower capacity
This section provides end-of-year figures of worldwide installed wind power capacity by country. The data is sourced from Global Wind Energy Council. In 2014, global wind power capacity increased by 51,477 megawatts (MW) or 16.2% from 318,596 MW to 369,553 MW.[2]
# | Nation | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | China | 2,599 | 5,912 | 12,210 | 25,104 | 44,733 | 62,733 | 75,564 | 91,412 | 114,763 | 145,104 |
- | European Union | 48,122 | 56,614 | 65,255 | 74,919 | 84,278 | 93,957 | 106,454 | 117,384 | 128,752 | 141,579 |
2 | United States | 11,603 | 16,819 | 25,170 | 35,159 | 40,200 | 46,919 | 60,007 | 61,110 | 65,879 | 74,472 |
3 | Germany | 20,622 | 22,247 | 23,903 | 25,777 | 27,214 | 29,060 | 31,332 | 34,250 | 39,165 | 44,947 |
4 | India | 6,270 | 7,850 | 9,587 | 10,925 | 13,064 | 16,084 | 18,421 | 20,150 | 22,465 | 25,088 |
5 | Spain | 11,630 | 15,145 | 16,740 | 19,149 | 20,676 | 21,674 | 22,796 | 22,959 | 22,987 | 23,025 |
6 | United Kingdom | 1,963 | 2,389 | 3,288 | 4,070 | 5,203 | 6,540 | 8,445 | 10,711 | 12,440 | 13,603 |
7 | Canada | 1,460 | 1,846 | 2,369 | 3,319 | 4,008 | 5,265 | 6,200 | 7,823 | 9,694 | 11,205 |
8 | France | 1,589 | 2,477 | 3,426 | 4,410 | 5,660 | 6,800 | 7,196 | 8,243 | 9,285 | 10,358 |
9 | Italy | 2,123 | 2,726 | 3,537 | 4,850 | 5,797 | 6,747 | 8,144 | 8,558 | 8,663 | 8,958 |
10 | Brazil | 237 | 247 | 339 | 606 | 932 | 1,509 | 2,508 | 3,466 | 5,939 | 8,715 |
11 | Sweden | 571 | 831 | 1,067 | 1,560 | 2,163 | 2,970 | 3,745 | 4,382 | 5,425 | 6,025 |
12 | Poland | 153 | 276 | 472 | 725 | 1,107 | 1,616 | 2,497 | 3,390 | 3,834 | 5,100 |
13 | Portugal | 1,716 | 2,130 | 2,862 | 3,535 | 3,702 | 4,083 | 4,525 | 4,730 | 4,914 | 5,079 |
14 | Denmark | 3,140 | 3,129 | 3,164 | 3,465 | 3,752 | 3,871 | 4,162 | 4,807 | 4,845 | 5,063 |
15 | Turkey | 65 | 207 | 433 | 801 | 1,329 | 1,799 | 2,312 | 2,958 | 3,763 | 4,718 |
16 | Australia[26] | 651 | 824 | 1,306 | 1,712 | 1,991 | 2,176 | 2,584 | 3,239 | 3,806 | 4,187 |
17 | Netherlands | 1,571 | 1,759 | 2,237 | 2,223 | 2,237 | 2,328 | 2,391 | 2,671 | 2,805 | 3,431 |
18 | Mexico | 84 | 85 | 85 | 520 | 733 | 873 | 1,370 | 1,859 | 2,551 | 3,073 |
19 | Japan | 1,309 | 1,528 | 1,880 | 2,056 | 2,304 | 2,501 | 2,614 | 2,669 | 2,789 | 3,038 |
20 | Romania | 2 | 7 | 10 | 14.1 | 462 | 982 | 1,905 | 2,599 | 2,953 | 2,976 |
21 | Ireland | 746 | 805 | 1,245 | 1,260 | 1.379 | 1,614 | 1,738 | 2,049 | 2,272 | 2,486 |
22 | Austria | 965 | 982 | 995 | 995 | 1,011 | 1,084 | 1,378 | 1,684 | 2,095 | 2,412 |
23 | Belgium | 194 | 287 | 384 | 563 | 911 | 1,078 | 1,375 | 1,651 | 1,959 | 2,229 |
24 | Greece | 758 | 873 | 990 | 1,087 | 1,208 | 1,629 | 1,749 | 1,866 | 1,980 | 2,152 |
25 | South Africa | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 | 570 | 1,053 |
26 | Finland | 86 | 110 | 143 | 147 | 197 | 199 | 288 | 447 | 627 | 1,005 |
27 | Chile | - | - | - | 20 | 168 | 172 | 205 | 331 | 836 | 933 |
28 | Uruguay | - | - | - | - | - | 43 | 56 | 59 | 701 | 845 |
29 | Norway[27][28][29] | 325 | 333 | 428 | 431 | 441 | 512 | 704 | 811 | 819 | 838 |
30 | South Korea | 176 | 192 | 278 | 348 | 379 | 407 | 483 | 561 | 609 | 835 |
31 | Morocco | 64 | 125 | 125 | 253 | 286 | 291 | 291 | 487 | 787 | 787 |
32 | Bulgaria | 36 | 70 | 120 | 177 | 500 | 612 | 674 | 681 | 691 | 691 |
33 | Taiwan | 188 | 280 | 358 | 436 | 519 | 564 | 564 | 614 | 633 | 647 |
34 | New Zealand | 171 | 322 | 325 | 497 | 530 | 623 | 623 | 623 | 623 | 623 |
35 | Egypt | 230 | 310 | 390 | 430 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 610 | 610 |
36 | Ukraine | 86 | 89 | 90 | 94 | 87 | 151 | 302 | 371 | 498 | n.a. |
37 | Lithuania | 56 | 50 | 54 | 91 | 163 | 203 | 263 | 279 | 279 | 424 |
38 | Croatia | n/a | n/a | 69.4 | 104 | 152 | 187.4 | 207.1 | 302 | 347 | 423 |
39 | Hungary | 61 | 65 | 127 | 201 | 295 | 329 | 329 | 329 | 329 | 329 |
40 | Ethiopia | - | - | - | - | - | 23 | 81 | 171 | 171 | 324 |
41 | Estonia | 31.8 | 59 | 78 | 142 | 149 | 184 | 269 | 280 | 302 | 303 |
42 | Czech Republic | 57 | 116 | 150 | 192 | 215 | 217 | 260 | 269 | 282 | 282 |
43 | Argentina | - | - | - | - | - | 113 | 167 | 218 | 271 | 279 |
44 | Panama | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 35 | 270 |
45 | Costa Rica | - | - | 74 | 123 | 119 | 132 | 147 | 148 | 198 | 268 |
46 | Pakistan[30] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 255 |
47 | Tunisia | - | - | - | - | - | 54 | 104 | 245 | 245 | 245 |
48 | Thailand | - | - | - | - | - | 7 | 112 | 223 | 223 | 223 |
49 | Philippines | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 66 | 216 | 216 |
49 | Nicaragua | - | - | - | - | - | 62 | 102 | 146 | 186 | n.a. |
50 | Cyprus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 147 | 158 |
51 | Honduras | - | - | - | - | - | - | 102 | 102 | 126 | 176 |
52 | Peru | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 146 | 148 | 148 |
53 | Jordan | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 119 |
54 | Iran | 47 | 67 | 82 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | n.a. | n.a. |
55 | Sri Lanka | - | - | - | - | - | - | 63 | 63 | n.a. | n.a. |
56 | Latvia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 62 | 62 |
57 | Luxembourg | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 58 | 58 |
58 | Mongolia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 50 | n.a. | n.a. |
59 | Venezuela | - | - | - | - | - | - | 30 | - | n.a. | n.a. |
60 | Cape Verde | - | - | - | - | - | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | n.a. |
Caribbean | - | - | - | - | - | - | 191 | 250 | 250 | 250 | |
Pacific Islands | - | - | - | - | - | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | |
Rest of Europe | - | - | - | - | - | 3,815 | 4,956 | 5,715 | 6,543 | ||
Rest of Latin America & Caribbean | - | - | - | - | - | 54 | 54 | 250 | 250 | 285 | |
Rest of Africa & Middle East | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1,165 | 1,255 | 129 | 151 | |
Rest of Asia | - | - | - | - | - | 71 | 87 | - | 167 | ||
World total capacity (MW) | 74,151 | 93,927 | 121,188 | 157,899 | 197,637 | 238,035 | 282,482 | 318,596 | 369,553 | 432,419 |
Annual wind power generation
Nation | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind power | Capacity Factor | % | Total Demand |
Wind power | Capacity Factor | % | Total Demand |
Wind power | Capacity Factor | % | Total Demand |
Wind power | Capacity Factor | % | Total Demand |
Wind power | Capacity Factor | % | Total Demand | ||
1 | United States | 26.6 | 26.1% | 0.7% | 4058.1 | 34.5 | 23.4% | 0.8% | 4149.9 | 52.0 | 23.5% | 1.3% | 4108.6 | 70.8 | 1.8% | 3951.1 | 95.2 | 2.6% | 3,723.8 | ||
2 | China | 3.7 | 16.2% | 0.1% | 2834.4 | 5.6[38] | 10.6% | 0.2% | 3255.9 | 12.8[39] | 12.0% | 0.4% | 3426.8 | 26.9 | 12.2% | 0.74% | 3640.3 | 55.5 | |||
3 | Spain | 22.9 | 22.4% | 8.5% | 268.8 | 27.2 | 20.5% | 9.8% | 276.8 | 31.4 | 21.7% | 11.1% | 282.1 | 36.6 | 13.7% | 267.0 | 43.7 | ||||
4 | Germany | 30.7 | 17.0% | 5.4% | 569.9 | 38.5 | 19.7% | 6.6% | 584.9 | 40.4 | 19.3% | 6.6% | 611.9 | 37.2 | 6.4% | 581.3 | 36.5 | ||||
5 | India | 7.6 | 13.8% | 1.0% | 726.7 | 14.7 | 21.0% | 1.9% | 774.7 | 14.8 | 17.6% | 1.77% | 834.3 | 17 | 2.7% | 637.6 | 20.6 | ||||
6 | United Kingdom | 4.2 | 23.2% | 1.2% | 352.9 | 5.3 | 27.5% | 1.5% | 352.0 | 7.1 | 30.4% | 2.0% | 350.5 | 9.3 | 2.5% | 325.8 | 10.2 | ||||
7 | France | 2.2 | 16.0% | 0.5% | 478.4 | 4.0 | 18.6% | 0.8% | 480.3 | 5.6 | 18.8% | 1.1% | 494.5 | 7.8 | 20.2% | 1.6% | 486 | 9.7 | |||
8 | Portugal | 2.9 | 19.3% | 5.9% | 49.2 | 4.0 | 21.2% | 8.0% | 50.1 | 5.7 | 22.7% | 11.3% | 50.6 | 7.5 | 15.0% | 49.9 | 9.1 | ||||
9 | Italy | 3.0 | 16.1% | 0.9% | 337.5 | 4.0[40] | 16.7% | 1.2% | 339.9 | 4.9 | 15.7% | 1.4% | 339.5 | 6.2 | 2.1% | 296.3 | 8.4 | ||||
10 | Denmark | 6.1 | 22.2% | 16.8% | 36.4 | 7.2 | 26.3% | 19.7% | 36.4 | 7.0 | 24.9% | 19.1% | 36.2 | 6.8 | 19.3% | 32.4 | 7.4[41] | ||||
World total (TWh) | 126.547 | 19.2% | 0.8% | 16,388.5 | 163.683 | 21.1% | 1.0% | 17,110.5 | 211.812 | 24.5% | 1.2% | 17,420.0 | 262.563[12] | 21.5% | 1.5% | 17,313.6 | 344.8 |
Installed windpower capacity (MW) 2004-2013
This table provides end-of-year installed wind power capacity (in megawatts) for the countries of the world for the years 2004 through 2013. The data source for the 2004 through 2013 figures is the World Wind Energy Association.[42]
Rank | Nation | 2004 | 2005[13] | 2006[13] | 2007[13] | 2008[13] | 2009[12] | 2010[14] | 2011[43] | 2012[44] | 2013[45] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | World | 47,693 | 59,024.1 | 74,122.8 | 93,930.4 | 120,902.9 | 159,213.3 | 196,630 | 238,035 | 282,482 | 318,530 |
1 | China | 764 | 1,266 | 2,599 | 5,912 | 12,210 | 25,777 | 44,733 | 62,364 | 75,324 | 91,324 |
2 | United States | 6,725 | 9,149 | 11,603 | 16,818 | 25,170 | 35,159 | 40,180 | 46,919 | 59,882 | 61,108 |
3 | Germany | 16,628 | 18,427 | 20,622 | 22,247 | 23,902 | 25,777 | 27,215 | 29,075 | 31,038 | 34,660 |
4 | Spain | 8,263 | 10,027 | 11,630 | 15,145 | 16,740 | 19,149 | 20,676 | 21,673 | 22,796 | 22,959 |
5 | India | 3,000 | 4,430 | 6,270 | 7,850 | 9,587 | 10,925 | 13,065 | 15,880 | 18,321 | 20,150 |
6 | United Kingdom | 888 | 1,353 | 1,962 | 2,389 | 3,287 | 4,092 | 5,204 | 6,018 | 8,445 | 10,531 |
7 | Italy | 1,265 | 1,718 | 2,123 | 2,726 | 3,736 | 4,850 | 5,797 | 6,737 | 8,144 | 8,551 |
8 | France | 386 | 757 | 1,567 | 2,455 | 3,404 | 4,521 | 5,660 | 6,640 | 7,473 | 8,254 |
9 | Canada | 444 | 683 | 1,460 | 1,846 | 2,369 | 3,319 | 4,008 | 5,265 | 6,201 | 7,698 |
10 | Denmark | 3,124 | 3,128 | 3,136 | 3,125 | 3,160.0 | 3,497 | 3,734 | 3,927 | 4,162 | 4,772 |
11 | Portugal | 522 | 1,022 | 1,716 | 2,130 | 2,862 | 3,535 | 3,702 | 4,083 | 4,525 | 4,724 |
12 | Sweden | 452 | 509.1 | 571.2 | 831.0 | 1066 | 1,579 | 2,052 | 2,798 | 3,745 | 4,470 |
13 | Brazil | 23.8 | 28.6 | 236.9 | 247.1 | 338.5 | 606 | 920 | 1,429 | 2,507 | 3,399 |
14 | Poland | 58.2 | 73 | 153 | 276 | 544 | 725 | 1,107 | 1,616.4 | 2,497 | 3,390 |
15 | Australia | 379 | 579 | 817.3 | 817.3 | 1,494.0 | 1,877 | 1,880 | 2,005 | 2,584 | 3,049 |
16 | Turkey | 20.6 | 20.1 | 64.6 | 206.8 | 333.4 | 796.5 | 1,274 | 1,799 | 2,312 | 2,959 |
17 | Netherlands | 1,078 | 1,224 | 1,559 | 1,747 | 2,225.0 | 2,229 | 2,237 | 2,328 | 2,391 | 2,693 |
18 | Japan | 896.2 | 1,040 | 1,309 | 1,528 | 1,880.0 | 2,056 | 2,304 | 2,501 | 2,614 | 2,661 |
19 | Romania | 0 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 7.8 | 7.0 | 14.0 | 591 | 826 | 1,905 | 2,599 |
20 | Ireland | 338.9 | 495.2 | 746 | 805 | 1,244.7 | 1,260 | 1,428 | 1,614 | 1,738 | 2,037 |
21 | Mexico | 2.2 | 2.2 | 84 | 85.0 | 85.0 | 402 | 521 | 929 | 1,348 | 1,992 |
22 | Greece | 473 | 573.3 | 757.6 | 873.3 | 989.7 | 1,109 | 1,208 | 1,626.5 | 1,749 | 1,865 |
23 | Austria | 606 | 819 | 964.5 | 981.5 | 994.9 | 995 | 1,011 | 1,084 | 1,378 | 1,684 |
24 | Belgium | 95 | 167.4 | 194.3 | 286.9 | 383.6 | 555 | 886 | 1,078 | 1,375 | 1,651 |
25 | Norway | 270 | 268 | 325 | 333.0 | 428.0 | 431 | 434 | 520.0 | 703.0 | 768 |
26 | Bulgaria | 10 | 14 | 36 | 57 | 120 | 177 | 375 | 503.0 | 684.0 | 681 |
27 | New Zealand | 168.1 | 168.2 | 171 | 321.8 | 325.3 | 497 | 506 | 622.8 | 622.8 | 623 |
28 | Taiwan | 13 | 103.7 | 187.7 | 279.9 | 358.2 | 436 | 519 | 563.8 | 563.8 | 614 |
29 | South Korea | 22.5 | 119.1 | 176.3 | 192.1 | 278.0 | 364.4 | 379 | 406.3 | 482.6 | 561 |
30 | Egypt | 145 | 145 | 230 | 310 | 390.0 | 430 | 550 | 550.0 | 550.0 | 550 |
31 | Morocco | 53.9 | 64 | 64 | 125.2 | 125.2 | 253 | 286 | 291.0 | 291.0 | 494.8 |
32 | Finland | 82 | 82 | 86 | 110 | 140.0 | 147 | 197 | 197.0 | 288.0 | 448.0 |
33 | Ukraine | 68.8 | 77.3 | 85.6 | 89.0 | 90.0 | 90 | 87.4 | 151.1 | 276.0 | 371.0 |
34 | Chile | 2 | 2 | 2 | 20.1 | 20.1 | 78 | 170 | 190.0 | 190.0 | 335.0 |
35 | Hungary | 3.5 | 17.5 | 60.9 | 65.0 | 127.0 | 201 | 295 | 329.4 | 329.4 | 329.4 |
36 | Croatia | 6 | 6 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 18.2 | 27.8 | 69.8 | 131.0 | 180.0 | 302.0 |
37 | Estonia | 22.1 | 33 | 33 | 58.6 | 78.3 | 142.3 | 149 | 184.0 | 269.0 | 280.0 |
38 | Lithuania | 7 | 7 | 55.0 | 52.3 | 54.4 | 91 | 154 | 179.0 | 225.0 | 279.0 |
39 | Czech Republic | 16.5 | 29.5 | 56.5 | 116 | 150.0 | 191 | 215 | 217.0 | 260.0 | 269.0 |
40 | Argentina | 25.6 | 26.8 | 27.8 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 54.0 | 129.2 | 233.2 | 217.1 |
41 | Thailand | 193.0 | |||||||||
42 | Ethiopia | 30.0 | 30.0 | 51.0 | 171.0 | ||||||
43 | Costa Rica | 69.9 | 71 | 74 | 74 | 74.0 | 123 | 123 | 148.2 | 148.2 | 148.2 |
44 | Cyprus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82.0 | 134.0 | 147.0 | 147.0 |
45 | Nicaragua | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 40.0 | 63.0 | 102.0 | 141.6 |
46 | Puerto Rico | 0 | 125.0 | 125.0 | |||||||
47 | Pakistan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 106.0 | 106.0 |
48 | Tunisia | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 54.0 | 54.0 | 104.0 | 104.0 |
49 | South Africa | 16.55 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 21.8 | 21.8 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 102.0 |
50 | Honduras | 0.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 102.0 | ||||||
51 | Iran | 25 | 31.6 | 47.4 | 66.5 | 82.0 | 82 | 100 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
52 | Latvia | 26.7 | 22.9 | 26.9 | 26.9 | 26.9 | 28.5 | 31.0 | 31.0 | 68.0 | 68.0 |
53 | Switzerland | 8.7 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 13.8 | 17.6 | 42.0 | 45.5 | 50.0 | 60.0 |
54 | Uruguay | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 30.5 | 40.5 | 52.0 | 59.3 |
55 | Luxembourg | 35.3 | 35.3 | 35.3 | 35.3 | 35.3 | 35.3 | 42.0 | 44.0 | 45.0 | 58.0 |
56 | Mongolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 50.9 |
57 | Jamaica | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 29.7 | 29.7 | 47.7 | 47.7 | 47.7 |
58 | New Caledonia | 0.0 | 38.2 | 38.2 | 38.2 | ||||||
59 | Dominican Republic | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 33.6 | 33.6 | 33.6 | |||
60 | Philippines | 25.2 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 33.0 | 33 | 33.0 | 33.0 | 33.0 |
61 | Vietnam | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 8.8 | 30.5 | 31.0 | 31.0 | 31.0 |
62-63 | Venezuela | 0.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | |||||||
62-63 | Aruba | 0.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | ||||||
64 | Guadeloupe | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 26.8 | 26.8 | 26.8 |
65 | Cape Verde | 2.78 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 25.5 | 38.3 | 24.0 | 25.5 |
66 | Reunion Island | 23.4 | |||||||||
67 | Colombia | 19.5 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 19.5 |
68 | Ecuador | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 19.0 | 19.0 |
69 | Russia | 10.8 | 14 | 15.5 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 16.8 |
70 | Guyana | 10.2 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 |
71 | Curaçao | 0.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | ||||||
72 | Cuba | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 |
73 | Bonaire | 0.0 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | ||||||
74 | Algeria | 0 | 0.1 | 10.1 | |||||||
75 | Fiji | 0.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | ||||||
76 | Dominica | 0.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | ||||||
77 | Israel | 7 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
78 | Faroe Islands | 0.15 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
79-80 | Slovakia | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
79-80 | Vanuatu | 0.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | ||||||
81-82 | Nigeria | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
81-82 | St. Kitts and Nevis | 0.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | ||||||
83-84 | Kazakhstan | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
83-84 | Azerbaijan | 0.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||||
85 | Belarus | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
86 | Iceland | 0.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 | |||||||
87 | Antarctica | 0 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | |||
88 | Jordan | 1.45 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
89 | Indonesia | 0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
90 | Madagascar | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | ||||||
91-92 | Martinique | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
91-92 | Mauritius | 0.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | ||||||
93 | Falkland Islands | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Netherlands Antilles | 0 | 0 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 18.2 | 24.3 | 24.3 | ||||
Armenia | 0.0 | 2.6 | |||||||||
World | 47,693 | 59,024.1 | 74,122.8 | 93,930.4 | 120,902.9 | 159,213.3 | 196,630 | 237,022 | 282,482 | 318,530 |
Installed wind energy capacity 1991-2000
Installed Wind Energy Capacity (in megawatts, MW)(cumulative for year):[46][47][48][49]
Nation | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Germany | 112 | 180 | 335 | 643 | 1,130 | 1,548 | 2,080 | 2,870 | 4,445 | 6,113 |
USA | 1,709 | 1,680 | 1,635 | 1,663 | 1,612 | 1,590 | 1,592 | 1,946 | 2,500 | 2,554 |
Spain | 5 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 140 | 249 | 512 | 660 | 1,522 | 2,235 |
Denmark | 413 | 458 | 487 | 539 | 637 | 857 | 1,116 | 1,380 | 1,748 | 2,300 |
India | 39 | 39 | 79 | 185 | 576 | 816 | 950 | 968 | 1,077 | 1,167 |
Italy | 22[50] | 60 | 100 | 154 | 282 | 427 | ||||
Netherlands | 299 | 325 | 359 | 410 | 449 | |||||
UK | 270 | 320 | 331 | 343 | 406 | |||||
China | 38 | 79 | 166 | 190 | 265 | 265 | ||||
Sweden | 105 | 117 | 148 | 195 | 231 | |||||
Rest of World | 234 | 274 | 489 | 713 | 1,153 | |||||
Total | 2,170 | 2,510 | 2,990 | 3,490 | 4,780 | 6,097 | 7,592 | 8,719 | 13,500 | 17,300 |
Installed wind energy capacity 1981-1990
Installed Wind Energy Capacity (in megawatts, MW)(cumulative for year):[46][51]
Nation | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
USA | 18 | 84 | 254 | 653 | 945 | 1,265 | 1,333 | 1,231 | 1,332 | 1,484 |
Denmark | 7 | 12 | 20 | 27 | 50 | 82 | 115 | 197 | 262 | 343 |
Germany | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 15 | 27 | 62 |
Total | 25 | 90 | 210 | 600 | 1,020 | 1,270 | 1,450 | 1,580 | 1,730 | 1,930 |
- Total does not match sum of totals because of different sources.
Electricity generation by wind 2011-2015
Electricity Generation by Wind (in terawatt hours, TWh total for year):[52]
Nation | 2011 | 2012[53] |
---|---|---|
USA | 119.7 | 140.1 |
China | 73.2 | 100.8[54] |
Spain | 42.4 | 48.5 |
Germany | 46.5 | 46.0 |
India | 26.0 | 28 |
Canada | 19.7 | 21 |
UK | 15.5 | 21 |
France | 12.2 | 14.9 |
Italy | 10.1 | 13.2 |
Denmark | 9.7 | 10.2 |
Portugal | 9.1 | 10.0 |
Sweden | 6.1 | 7.2 |
Australia | 5.8 | 7.0 |
Turkey | 4.7 | 5.8 |
Brazil | 2.7 | 5.1 |
Netherlands | 5.1 | 5.0 |
Japan | 4.3 | 4.8 |
Ireland | 4.4 | 4.2 |
Poland | 2.7 | 4.7 |
Greece | 3.3 | 3.9 |
Mexico | 1.4 | 3.6 |
Romania | 1.4 | 2.6 |
Belgium | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Austria | 2.1 | 2.4 |
New Zealand | 2.0 | 1.9 |
Norway | 1.3 | 1.7 |
South Korea | .86 | 1.7 |
Egypt | 1.7 | 1.3 |
Bulgaria | .83 | 1.2 |
Morocco | .88 | .7 |
Electricity generation by wind 2001-2010
Electricity Generation by Wind (in terawatt hours, TWh total for year):[55]
Nation | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
USA | 6.737 | 10.354 | 11.187 | 14.144 | 17.811 | 26.589 | 34.450 | 55.363 | 73.886 | 94.65 |
Germany | 9.933 | 15.063 | 17.916 | 24.234 | 25.868 | 29.175 | 37.727 | 38.545 | 36.71 | 35.90 |
Spain | 6.421 | 8.875 | 11.471 | 14.915 | 20.117 | 22.132 | 26.190 | 30.593 | 35.9 | 41.5 |
India | 2.129 | 2.553 | 3.411 | 4.266 | 6.273 | 8.255 | 11.206 | 13.053 | 17 | 20.6 |
China | 0.712 | 0.829 | 0.987 | 1.265 | 1.927 | 3.675 | 5.425 | 12.425 | 26.9 | 55.5 |
UK | 0.917 | 1.193 | 1.221 | 1.838 | 2.759 | 4.014 | 5.010 | 6.742 | 8.84 | 9.70 |
Denmark | 4.091 | 4.633 | 5.283 | 6.254 | 6.283 | 5.803 | 6.814 | 6.582 | 6.39 | 7.42 |
Italy | 1.120 | 1.334 | 1.385 | 1.755 | 2.227 | 2.822 | 3.832 | 4.618 | 6.200 | 8.0 |
Portugal | 0.243 | 0.344 | 0.471 | 0.775 | 1.684 | 2.779 | 3.835 | 5.469 | 7.20 | 8.60 |
France | 0.125 | 0.256 | 0.372 | 0.566 | 0.914 | 2.073 | 3.857 | 5.405 | 7.50 | 9.20 |
Netherlands | 0.784 | 0.899 | 1.252 | 1.774 | 1.964 | 2.596 | 3.266 | 4.047 | 4.350 | 3.78 |
Australia | 0.200 | 0.346 | 0.668 | 0.670 | 0.841 | 1.627 | 2.480 | 2.938 | 3.615 | 3.62 |
Canada | 0.320 | 0.388 | 0.785 | 0.906 | 1.398 | 2.375 | 2.873 | 3.628 | 4.3 | 5.50 |
Japan | 0.239 | 0.394 | 0.791 | 1.245 | 1.666 | 2.100 | 2.493 | 2.799 | 2.802 | 3.60 |
Ireland | 0.317 | 0.369 | 0.431 | 0.622 | 1.056 | 1.541 | 1.860 | 2.290 | 2.807 | 2.670 |
Austria | 0.163 | 0.193 | 0.348 | 0.878 | 1.262 | 1.664 | 1.934 | 1.913 | 1.87 | 1.92 |
Sweden | 0.458 | 0.578 | 0.645 | 0.808 | 0.889 | 0.938 | 1.359 | 1.896 | 2.361 | 3.30 |
Greece | 0.718 | 0.618 | 0.970 | 1.065 | 1.203 | 1.614 | 1.727 | 2.130 | 2.416 | 2.030 |
New Zealand | 0.130 | 0.148 | 0.141 | 0.340 | 0.583 | 0.591 | 0.883 | 1.004 | 1.398 | 1.55 |
Norway | 0.026 | 0.071 | 0.207 | 0.239 | 0.481 | 0.605 | 0.847 | 0.867 | 0.932 | 0.850 |
Poland | 0.013 | 0.058 | 0.118 | 0.135 | 0.128 | 0.243 | 0.496 | 0.795 | 1.023 | 1.60 |
Turkey | 0.059 | 0.046 | 0.058 | 0.055 | 0.056 | 0.121 | 0.337 | 0.805 | 1.4 | 2.80 |
Belgium | 0.035 | 0.054 | 0.084 | 0.135 | 0.246 | 0.348 | 0.466 | 0.605 | 0.946 | 1.20 |
Brazil | 0.033 | 0.058 | 0.058 | 0.058 | 0.088 | 0.225 | 0.531 | 0.530 | 1.180 | 2.07 |
Egypt | 0.210 | 0.194 | 0.350 | 0.497 | 0.524 | 0.585 | 0.789 | 0.880 | 1.1 | 1.20 |
Mexico | 0.017 | 0.020 | 0.018 | 0.019 | 0.018 | 0.056 | 0.249 | 0.256 | 0.566 | 0.378 |
Rest of World | 10.657 | 15.976 | 19.060 | 25.473 | 27.37 | 31.588 | ||||
Total | 36.723 | 50.557 | 61.476 | 80.595 | 99.687 | 126.547 | 163.683 | 211.812 | 262.563 | 327.850 |
Electricity generation by wind 1991-2000
Electricity Generation by Wind (in terawatt hours, TWh)(total for year):[56]
Nation | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Germany | 0.204 | 0.276 | 0.640 | 1.357 | 1.626 | 1.974 | 2.882 | 4.363 | 5.252 | 8.884 |
USA | 2.951 | 2.888 | 3.006 | 3.447 | 3.164 | 3.234 | 3.288 | 3.026 | 4.488 | 5.593 |
Denmark | 0.703 | 0.869 | 0.982 | 1.080 | 1.118 | 1.166 | 1.837 | 2.679 | 2.878 | 4.029 |
Spain | 0.014 | 0.042 | 0.109 | 0.166 | 0.257 | 0.346 | 0.705 | 1.284 | 2.607 | 4.491 |
India | 0.037 | 0.084 | 0.090 | 0.181 | 0.471 | 0.834 | 0.939 | 1.019 | 1.374 | 1.600 |
China | 0.009 | 0.013 | 0.021 | 0.038 | 0.061 | 0.093 | 0.196 | 0.352 | 0.469 | 0.584 |
UK | 0.010 | 0.032 | 0.207 | 0.325 | 0.371 | 0.464 | 0.634 | 0.833 | 0.808 | 0.900 |
Italy | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.009 | 0.031 | 0.112 | 0.219 | 0.383 | 0.535 |
France | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.010 | 0.019 | 0.035 | 0.073 |
Portugal | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.010 | 0.016 | 0.015 | 0.020 | 0.036 | 0.085 | 0.117 | 0.160 |
Netherlands | 0.068 | 0.140 | 0.169 | 0.225 | 0.301 | 0.415 | 0.451 | 0.608 | 0.613 | 0.788 |
Japan | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.036 | 0.104 |
Australia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.026 | 0.055 |
Canada | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.030 | 0.055 | 0.056 | 0.059 | 0.059 | 0.059 | 0.156 | 0.251 |
Austria | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.019 | 0.043 | 0.048 | 0.064 |
Ireland | 0 | 0.005 | 0.014 | 0.018 | 0.015 | 0.013 | 0.048 | 0.161 | 0.178 | 0.232 |
Greece | 0 | 0.008 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 0.032 | 0.036 | 0.034 | 0.067 | 0.154 | 0.428 |
Sweden | 0.012 | 0.029 | 0.046 | 0.068 | 0.094 | 0.137 | 0.193 | 0.301 | 0.340 | 0.434 |
New Zealand | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.021 | 0.037 | 0.114 |
Norway | 0 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.009 | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.024 | 0.029 |
Egypt | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.023 | 0.130 |
Belgium | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.012 | 0.015 |
Mexico | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.018 |
Turkey | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.031 |
Poland | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.005 |
Brazil | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 |
Rest of World | 0.205 | 0.277 | 0.645 | 1.373 | 1.646 | 2.028 | 3.006 | 4.554 | 5.514 | 9.363 |
Total | 4.024 | 4.406 | 5.393 | 7.063 | 7.644 | 8.921 | 11.606 | 15.363 | 20.320 | 29.970 |
Electricity generation by wind 1983-1990
Electricity Generation by Wind (in terawatt hours, TWh)(total for year):[57]
Nation | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Germany | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
USA1 | 0.00267 | 0.00649 | 0.00576 | 0.00419 | 0.00354 | 0.00087 | 2.112 | 2.789 |
India | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.030 |
Denmark | 0.024 | 0.039 | 0.06 | 0.136 | 0.183 | 0.302 | 0.429 | 0.580 |
UK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.009 | 0.009 |
Portugal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Netherlands | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.016 | 0.023 | 0.048 |
Greece | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0 | 0.001 |
Sweden | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.006 |
Belgium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.006 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.008 |
Spain | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.013 |
Italy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 |
Canada | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 |
China | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 |
Rest of World | 0 | 0 | 0.001 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.005 |
Total | 0.0297 | 0.0505 | 0.0728 | 0.149 | 0.206 | 0.343 | 2.595 | 3.496 |
- 1 [sic] - Generation does not correlate with installed capacity, which would suggest approximately 0.33, 0.87, 1.54, 2.13, 2.50, 2.47 TWh from 1983 to 1988 for the United States.
References
- ↑ "GWEC, Global Wind Report Annual Market Update". Gwec.net. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "GWEC Global Wind Statistics 2014" (PDF). GWEC. 10 February 2015.
- ↑ http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/2442764/chinese-solar-capacity-outshone-germanys-in-2015
- ↑ Rasmussen, Jesper Nørskov. "Vindmøller slog rekord i 2014 " In English: New record for wind turbines in 2014. Energinet.dk, 6 January 2015. Accessed: 6 January 2015. Archived on 6 January 2015
- 1 2 3 4 "World Wind Energy Report 2010" (PDF). Report. World Wind Energy Association. February 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ↑ "Renewables". eirgrid.com. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
- 1 2 REN21 (2011). "Renewables 2011: Global Status Report" (PDF). p. 11.
- ↑ http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/REN12-GSR2015_Onlinebook_low1.pdf pg31
- ↑ E.ON wraps up 457 MW wind farm, transfers assets Archived 31 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Patrick Barkham (8 January 2009). "Blown away". London: Guardian. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
- ↑ The Harris Poll#119 (13 October 2010). "Large Majorities in U.S. and Five Largest European Countries Favor More Wind Farms and Subsidies for Bio-fuels, but Opinion is Split on Nuclear Power". PRNewswire.
- 1 2 3 4 "World Wind Energy Report 2009" (PDF). Report. World Winiation. February 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "World Wind Energy Report 2008" (PDF). Report. World Wind Energy Association. February 2009. Retrieved 19 March 2009.
- 1 2 "World Wind Energy Report 2010" (PDF). Report. World Wind Energy Association. February 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
- ↑ (Hungarian) 25 MW teljesítményű szélerőműparkot helyzetek üzembe Bőnyben, 10 January 2010
- ↑ "EWEA.org" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑ "EWEA.org" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-03-28.
- ↑ "Global installed wind power capacity 2008/2009 (MW)" (PDF) (Press release). Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑ "Irish Wind Energy Association - Wind Energy in Ireland". Iwea.com. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
- ↑ http://panchabuta.com/2011/08/07/14-55-gw-of-wind-installed-in-india-627-monitoring-stations-established-to-harness-potential/
- ↑ "Brazil Wind Energy Report 2011". Report. Global Wind Energy Council. September 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
- ↑ "Wind Energy Report 2011" (PDF). Report. Global Wind Energy Council. February 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
- ↑ "Wind Energy Report 2012" (PDF). Report. Global Wind Energy Council. February 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
- ↑ "Wind Energy Report 2013" (PDF). Report. Global Wind Energy Council. February 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
- ↑ "Wind in numbers". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ↑ "Clean Energy Report 2011". Clean Energy Council Australia. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
- ↑ "Vindkraftproduksjon 2013". Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ↑ "Vindkraft - produksjon i 2012" (PDF). Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ↑ "Vindkraft–Produksjonsstatistikk-2011" (PDF). Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ↑ "Current Status". Alternate Energy Development Board, Pakistan. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
- ↑ "BP.com". Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑ 2005 月电力概况 (Chinese)
- ↑ 2006 月电力概况 (Chinese)
- ↑ "Energy Information Administration - International Electricity Generation Data". Eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑ "International Energy Statistics". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑ DECC.gov.uk Digest of United Kingdom energy statistics: 2009, Tables 5.1.2 (total electricity consumption) and 7.4 (installed capacity, electricity generated, capacity factor)
- ↑ International Energy Statistics
- ↑ 深度分析产品 (Chinese)
- ↑ 全国电力建设与投资结构继续加快调整 (Chinese)
- ↑ Dati statistici sull’energia elettrica in Italia nel 2007 (Italian)
- ↑ International Energy Statistics
- ↑ World Wind Energy Association (also wwindea.org or WWEA). See the periodical "Wind Energy International" or WWEA press releases for additional data.
- ↑ "World Wind Energy Report 2011". World Wind Energy Association.
- ↑ "World Wind Energy Report 2012". World Wind Energy Association.
- ↑ "World Wind Energy Report 2013". World Wind Energy Association.
- 1 2 "How Wind Energy Works". Ucsusa.org. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
- ↑ Global Wind Energy Market Report 2000 Archived 11 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Wind Indicator Data". Earth-policy.org. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
- ↑ Global Wind Energy Market Report Archived 18 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Wind Power in Italy from the Late 1970s to the Present" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-05-14.
- ↑ "Wind Indicator Data". Earth-policy.org. Archived from the original on 16 July 2009. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
- ↑ "International Energy Statistics". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
- ↑ "International Energy Statistics". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 2013-12-02.
- ↑ "China's wind power generation up 41% in 2012". Xinhua, english.news.cn. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
- ↑ "International Energy Statistics". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 2012-07-28.
- ↑ "International Energy Statistics". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
- ↑ "International Energy Statistics". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
|