Winter of 1886–87

Waiting for a Chinook, by C.M. Russell. Overgrazing and harsh winters were factors that brought an end to the age of the Open Range

The Winter of 1886–1887 was extremely harsh for much of continental North America, especially the United States. Although it affected other regions in the country, it is most known for its effects on the Western United States and its cattle industry. This winter marked the end of the open range era and led to the entire reorganization of ranching.

History

The summer of 1886 had been unusually hot and dry, with numerous prairie fires and water sources often dried up. In the fall, signs of a harsh winter ahead began to appear. Birds began flying south earlier than usual, beavers were seen collecting more wood than normal for the winter ahead, and some cattle even took on thicker and shaggier coats.^[1]

The first snows fell earlier than usual in November and were reported as some of the worst in memory. Extreme cold temperatures killed humans and animals. In some instances, people got lost close to their houses and froze to death very close to their front doors. The winter weather even reached the West Coast, with snowfall of 3.7 inches in downtown San Francisco setting an all-time record on February 5, 1887.^[2]

The loss of livestock was not discovered until spring, when a large number of cattle carcasses were spread across the fields and washed down streams. The few remaining cattle were in poor health, being emaciated and suffering from frostbite. This resulted in the cattle being sold for much lower prices, in some cases leading to bankruptcy.

Future president Theodore Roosevelt's cattle ranch near Medora, Dakota Territory was among those hit hard by the winter. In a letter to his friend, Henry Cabot Lodge, Roosevelt remarked "Well, we have had a perfect smashup all through the cattle country of the northwest. The losses are crippling. For the first time I have been utterly unable to enjoy a visit to my ranch. I shall be glad to get home."^[3]

References

↑ Mattison, Ray H. (October 1951). "The Hard Winter and the Range Cattle Business". The Montana Magazine of History 1 (4): 5–21.
↑ "San Francisco Snowstorms". TheStormKing.com. Mic Mac Media.
↑ Brooks, Chester L.; Mattison, Ray H. (1958). Theodore Roosevelt and the Dakota Badlands. NPS Historical Handbook: Theodore Roosevelt (National Park Service). Retrieved 21 September 2014.

External links

Briggs, Harold Edward, Ph. D. Frontiers of the Northwest. New York: Peter Smith, 1950
Anderson, H. Allen. "Big Die-Up". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.

Cold wave

Cold waves in North America	Winter of 1886–87 1888 Northwest United States cold wave Great Freeze Great Blue Norther of November 11, 1911 1912 United States cold wave 1936 North American cold wave Cold wave of January 1977 Cold wave of 1978 Cold Sunday Winter 1985 cold wave 1994 North American cold wave 2007 Western United States freeze Early 2014 North American cold wave November 2014 North American cold wave 2015 Valentine's Day blizzard Siberian Express

Cold waves in Europe	Great Frost of 1683–84 Great Frost of 1709 Winter of 1894–95 in the United Kingdom Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom Winter of 1962–63 in the United Kingdom Winter of 1990–91 in Western Europe 2006 European cold wave Winter of 2009–10 in Europe Winter of 2009–10 in Great Britain and Ireland Winter of 2010–11 in Great Britain and Ireland Early 2012 European cold wave

Other cold waves	White Earthquake Winter storms of 2009–10 in East Asia North Indian Cold Wave (2011) Indian cold wave (2012) 2013 extreme weather events January 2016 East Asia cold wave

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Winter of 1886–87

History

See also

References

External links