Women's World Chess Championship 1978

The 1978 Women's World Chess Championship was won by Maia Chiburdanidze, who defeated the incumbent champion Nona Gaprindashvili At only 17 years of age, Chiburdanidze became the sixth and youngest Women's World Champion (Gaprindashvili had been 20 when she first won the title).

1976 Interzonals

For the first time, the women's cycle contained not one but two Interzonal tournaments, held in Roosendaal and Tbilisi in November and December 1976, featuring the best players from each FIDE zone. A total of 25 players took part, with the top three from each Interzonal qualifying for the Candidates Tournament.

Akhmilovskaya and former three-time challenger Kushnir (now representing Israel) shared first place in Roosendaal, while Lematschko took the third and last spot in the Candidates after a playoff against van der Mije.[1]

In Tbilisi, Fatalibekova won, half a point ahead of Kozlovskaya and 15-year-old prodigy Chiburdanidze.[2]

1976 Women's Interzonal, Roosendaal
Player 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Points Tie break
1  Elena Akhmilovskaya (Soviet Union) - ½ 0 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 9½ 54.25
2  Alla Kushnir (Israel) ½ - ½ 0 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 9½ 54.00
3  Alexandra van der Mije (Netherlands) 1 ½ - 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 1 1 9 54.75
4  Tatjana Lematschko (Bulgaria) 0 1 0 - 0 1 ½ 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 9 49.00
5  Zsuzsa Veroci (Hungary) ½ 0 ½ 1 - ½ 1 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 8½
6  Jana Malypetrová (England) 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ - ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 7½
7  Liudmila Belavenets (Soviet Union) ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ - ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 1 7
8  Tatyana Fomina (Soviet Union) ½ 0 ½ 0 1 0 ½ - 0 1 ½ ½ 1 1 6½ 34.75
9  Milunka Lazarević (Yugoslavia) 0 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ 1 - 0 ½ 1 1 1 6½ 32.50
10  Corry Vreeken (Netherlands) 0 0 1 0 0 ½ 0 0 1 - 1 ½ 1 ½ 5½
11  Ruth Orton (USA) ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 0 - 1 0 1 5
12  Maria Cristina de Oliveira (Brazil) 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 - 1 ½ 4
13  Ilse de Caro (Colombia) 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 1 0 - 1 2½
14  Rita Gramignani (Italy) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 - 1
1976 Women's Interzonal, Tbilisi
Player 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Points Tie break
1  Elena Fatalibekova (Soviet Union) - ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 7
2  Maia Chiburdanidze (Soviet Union) ½ - 1 0 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 6½ 31.25
3  Valentina Kozlovskaya (Soviet Union) 0 0 - 1 1 ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 6½ 28.75
4  Marta Litinskaya (Soviet Union) ½ 1 0 - 1 ½ ½ ½ 0 1 1 6 28.00
5  Mária Ivánka (Hungary) ½ ½ 0 0 - ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 6 25.00
6  Tatiana Zatulovskaya (Soviet Union) ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ - 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 5
7  Petra Feustel (East Germany) ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 1 - ½ ½ 0 1 4½ 21.00
8  Gertrude Baumstark (Romania) 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ - ½ 1 ½ 4½ 20.00
9  Orly Kaufman (Israel) ½ 0 0 1 0 0 ½ ½ - ½ 1 4
10  Diane Savereide (USA) 0 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ 1 0 ½ - 0 3
11  Narelle Kellner (Australia) 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 1 - 2

1977-78 Candidates Tournament

The top three from each of the two Interzonals were joined by seeded players Alexandria and Levitina, the finalists from the last Candidates Tournament. These eight players contested a knock-out series of matches. Sixteen-year-old Chiburdanidze beat Kushnir in the final, earning the right to challenge reigning champion Gaprindashvili.[3]

  Quarterfinals
 Semifinals
 Final
                           
  Tbilisi, Apr-May 1977
   Soviet Union Maia Chiburdanidze 5½  
   Soviet Union Nana Alexandria 4½     Tallinn, Sep–Oct 1977
     Soviet Union Maia Chiburdanidze 6½  
Sofia, May-June 1977    Soviet Union Elena Akhmilovskaya 5½  
   Soviet Union Elena Akhmilovskaya 6½
   Bulgaria Tatjana Lematschko 5½     Bad Kissingen, Jan 1978
     Soviet Union Maia Chiburdanidze 7½
  Dortmund, May-June 1977      Israel Alla Kushnir 6½
   Israel Alla Kushnir 6  
   Soviet Union Irina Levitina 3     West Berlin, Sep–Oct 1977
     Israel Alla Kushnir 6½
Sochi, Apr-May 1977    Soviet Union Elena Fatalibekova 3½  
   Soviet Union Elena Fatalibekova 6
   Soviet Union Valentina Kozlovskaya 2  

1978 Championship Match

The championship match was played in Tbilisi in 1978. A close match ended with a victory for 17-year-old Chiburdanidze against her twenty year older opponent.[4]

Women's World Championship Match 1978
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total
 Maia Chiburdanidze (Soviet Union) ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ ½ 8½
 Nona Gaprindashvili (Soviet Union) ½ ½ ½ 0 0 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ ½ 6½

References

  1. ↑ "World Chess Championship (women) : 1976 Roosendaal Interzonal Tournament". Mark-weeks.com. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
  2. ↑ "World Chess Championship (women) : 1976 Tbilisi Interzonal Tournament". Mark-weeks.com. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
  3. ↑ "World Chess Championship (women) : 1977-78 cycle : Candidates Matches". Mark-weeks.com. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
  4. ↑ "World Chess Championship (women) : 1978 Chiburdanidze - Gaprindashvili". Mark-weeks.com. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
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