Women in Black

Not to be confused with The Woman in Black.
Women in Black staging a protest in New Paltz, New York

Women in Black (Hebrew: נשים בשחור‎, Nashim BeShahor) is a women's anti-war movement with an estimated 10,000 activists around the world. The first group was formed by Israeli women in Jerusalem in 1988, following the outbreak of the First intifada.[1]

History

Women in Black staging a protest in Paris Square, Jerusalem, with the distinctive black stop signs calling "Stop the occupation" in three languages

Responding to what they considered serious violations of human rights by Israeli soldiers in the Occupied Territories, the women held a vigil every Friday in central Jerusalem, wearing black clothing in mourning for all victims of the conflict. Initially the group had no name but it was quickly identified with the black clothing, which also helped create distinctive demonstrations which were hard to ignore.[2]

The initiative soon spread to various other locations in Israel, with women standing weekly in main squares of cities or at junctions on inter-city highways. As was decided early on, the movement did not adopt any formal program other than opposition to the occupation. Local groups were autonomous in deciding such issues as whether or not to open participation to men as well as women, and there were many shades of political difference from one place to another.

At the peak of the Intifada there were thirty vigils in different locations throughout the country. The number dwindled sharply after the Oslo Agreement in 1993, when it seemed that peace with the Palestinians was at hand, and picked up again when violent events proved that hope to have been premature.

The first vigils in other countries were started in solidarity with the Israeli group, but then embraced other social and political issues. Especially notable were the Women in Black group in former Yugoslavia, which in the 1990s confronted rampant nationalism, hatred and bloodshed, often meeting with violence from nationalists.

While each group is free to pursue its own goals and activities, the women maintain regular contact via e-mail and the Internet, and hold annual international conferences. Their most common tactic consists of standing together periodically in various public places, usually in complete silence unless pedestrians ask questions, which at times escalate into full-fledged arguments. The Women in Black's counter-group is called Women for Israel's Tomorrow who typically wear green hats.

Political position

In Israel, Women in Black in one of numerous organizations belong to the radical left.[3]

Controversy

In one instance, a United States grouping of Women in Black was accused of mocking and showing disrespect to American soldiers. The Athens, Georgia chapter was the subject of a letter to the Athens Banner-Herald in October 2007 for a protest at which an unidentified individual, said not to be a member of the military, allegedly dressed up in a U.S. Army uniform, put pacifist political buttons on it, and held peace signs with the Women in Black.[4]

Women in Black in Austin, Texas, was stated to hold weekly vigils against US bombing of Afghanistan after the September 11 attacks.

Awards

In 2001 the movement was awarded the Millennium Peace Prize for Women given by the United Nations Development Fund for Women. The same year, the Israeli and Serbian groups were nominated for Nobel Peace Prize.[5]

See also

Bibliography

Kathryn G. Herr, Gary L. Anderson (2007). Encyclopedia of activism and social justice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. pp. 1477–9. ISBN 9781452265650. 

Erella Shadmi, Chava Frankfort-Nachmias (2005). Sappho in the Holy Land : lesbian existence and dilemmas in contemporary Israel. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 191–210. ISBN 9780791463185. 

References

  1. ↑ Melanie S. Rich, Kalpana Misra (2003). Jewish feminism in Israel : some contemporary perspectives. Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press, Published by University Press of New England. pp. 114–5. ISBN 9781584653257.
  2. ↑ Dale Spender, Cheris Kramarae (2004). Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Routledge. p. 1517. ISBN 9781135963156. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  3. ↑ Svirsky, Marcelo (2013). Arab-Jewish Activism in Israel-Palestine. Ashgate Publishing. p. 5. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  4. ↑ Charles A. Jones, Jr.: Peace protesters must respect U.S. soldiers Athens Banner-Herald, 3 October 2007
  5. ↑ Encyclopedia of women in today's world. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Reference. 2011. pp. 1562–3. ISBN 9781412976855. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)

External links

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