Woolleigh, Beaford

Woolleigh Barton in 2015

Woolleigh Barton in 2015, chapel at right

Chapel at Woolleigh Barton in 2015

Ancient roof timbers at Woolleigh Barton

Woolleigh (anciently Woolley, Wollegh, etc.) is an historic estate in the parish of Beaford, Devon. The surviving mansion house known as Woolleigh Barton, situated 1 3/4 miles north-west of the parish church of Beaford, is a grade II* listed^[1] building, long used as a farmhouse. It incorporates remains of a "very fine example of a late Medieval manor house"^[2] and retains a "very rich" 15th century wagon roof, a garderobe with the original door and an attached private chapel with a 17th-century roof.^[3]

Chapel of St Mary

The private Chapel attached to the mansion house was dedicated to St Mary. The earliest surviving record of it is in the registers of the Bishops of Exeter for 1321 when it was licenced to Master William de Wolleghe, Rector of Yarnscombe. He was permitted by the licence to say mass therein but was forbidden from administering the sacraments there and was obliged to attend the parish church on Sundays and Feast Days. Mention of it is made later in the registers of Bishop Stafford in 1400 and of Bishop Lacy in 1426, in which latter year a licence was granted to John and Elizabeth Haache (i.e. Hatch) who at the same time were also licenced for their private chapel of St Andrew at Hele (now Great Hele Barton) in South Molton.^[4]

Descent

Domesday Book

Uluelie (Woolleigh) is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as the 41st of the 176^[5] Devonshire holdings of Baldwin de Moels (died 1090), Sheriff of Devon, feudal baron of Okehampton,^[6] one of the Devon Domesday Book tenants-in-chief of William the Conqueror. His tenant was Colwin. Before the Norman Conquest of 1066 it had been held by the Anglo-Saxon Alsi.^[7] Woolleigh was thus a member of the feudal barony of Okehampton, whose later barons were the Courtenay Earls of Devon of Tiverton Castle. The descent of Woolleigh was as follows:

Murdake

The holder of Woolleigh first recorded by Risdon (d.1640) was the Murdake family of Compton Murdake in Warwickshire, "where Thomas Murdake dwelt". Risdon asserts that a member of this family was Henry Murdac (d.1153), Archbishop of York.

• Sir Thomas Murdack of Woolleigh and of Compton Murdake in Warwickshire,^[8] who died without male progeny leaving a daughter and heiress Wenlian Murdack, who married Thomas Hatch of Hatch in the parish of South Molton, Devon.

Hatch

Arms of Hatch: Gules, two demi-lions passant guardant in pale or^[9]

The family of de Hatch succeeded Murdake at Woolleigh. The de Hatch family descended from Robert Atwater, son of William Atwater of South Molton, Devon, by his wife Jone de Wolrington, daughter and heiress of William de Wolrington of Hatch (alias Hach, Hacche, etc.) in the parish of South Molton. According to Risdon, Hatch was the "lord of the royalty"^[10] of South Molton, thus the principal estate within that royal manor and borough. The Wolringtons were themselves heirs of the original de Hatch family,^[11] which died out in the male line. On receiving his maternal inheritance Robert Atwater adopted the surname de Hatch, or Hatch. Robert's son was Thomas Hatch, who married Mabill Leigh, daughter and heiress of Thomas Leigh of Leigh, near Tiverton.^[12]

• Robert I Hatch, son and heir of Thomas Hatch, by his wife Mabill Leigh, daughter and heiress of Thomas Leigh of Leigh, near Tiverton. He married Wenlian Murdack, daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Murdack of Woolleigh and of Compton Murdake in Warwickshire,^[13]
• Robert II Hatch, son and heir, who married a certain Blanch.^[14]
• John I Hatch, son, who married Elizabeth Dirwyn, daughter and heiress of William Dirwyn of Fulford in the parish of Crediton, Devon.^[15] It was presumably this John and Elizabeth Haache who were licensed in 1426 by Edmund Lacey, Bishop of Exeter, to have private chapels at Woolleigh and at Hele (now Great Hele Barton) in South Molton.^[16]
• John II Hatch, son, who married Elizabeth Gorges, daughter of Sir Edward Gorges, lord of the manor of Wraxall in Somerset.
• Thomas Hatch, son, who married Alis Basset, a daughter of Sir John III Basset (1441–1485) of Tehidy in Cornwall and of Whitechapel in the parish of Bishops Nympton, by his wife Elizabeth Budockshyde.^[17] Whitechapel is close to Hatch. Sir John III Basset was the son and heir of John II Basset (1374–1463) by his wife Joan Beaumont, daughter of Sir Thomas Beaumont of Umberleigh and Heanton Punchardon and sister and heiress of Philip Beaumont of Shirwell. The Beaumonts had inherited Umberleigh from the Poulton family who had inherited it from the Willingtons.^[18] The Basset family were amongst the early Norman settlers in England. Alis Basset's brother was Sir John IV Basset (1462–1528), KB, of Tehidy in Cornwall and Umberleigh in Devon, Sheriff of Cornwall in 1497, 1517 and 1522 and Sheriff of Devon in 1524. Although himself an important figure in the Westcountry gentry, Sir John IV Basset is chiefly remembered for his connection with the life of his second wife and widow Honor Grenville (d. 1566), who moved into the highest society when she remarried to Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle KG (d. 1542), an illegitimate son of King Edward IV, and an important figure at the court of King Henry VIII, his nephew. The marriage of Thomas Hatch and Alis Basset was without male progeny and produced a daughter and heiress Anne Hatch, the wife of Baldwin Mallet, to whom passed the estate of Hatch and Woolleigh.

Mallet

Arms of Mallet: Azure, three escallops or

Sir Baldwin Mallet

Sir Baldwin Mallet, of St. Audries in Somerset, who married (as his second wife) Anne Hatch, heiress of Woolleigh and Hatch. He was Solicitor General to King Henry VIII and was the second son of Thomas Mallet (d.1502)^[19] of Enmore in Somerset^[20] and of Deandon^[21] (alias Dewdon)^[22] in the parish of Widdecombe in Devon, by his wife Joan Wadham, a daughter of Sir William Wadham (died 1452) of Edge in the parish of Branscombe in Devon and of Merryfield in the parish of Ilton, near Ilminster, Somerset, Sheriff of Devon in 1442. The Mallet family was descended from William Malet (fl. 1175/1215), feudal baron of Curry Mallet in Somerset, one of the guarantors of Magna Carta (1215). He was possibly a descendant of William Malet (died 1071), one of the very few proven Companions of William the Conqueror known to have been present at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.^[23] Sir Baldwin Mallet inherited from his father the manor of Quantockshead, commonly called St. Audries, in Somerset.^[24] Sir Baldwin Mallet's first wife Jone Tacle was the daughter and heiress of John Tacle of Honiton in Devon.^[25] John Tacle was "a person of property, versed in the law", who is memorialized by the following inscription surviving in 1793 on two pillars in the chancel of Honiton Church: "Pray for the soul of John Takell, and Jone hys wyffe", with a mill rind sable between.^[26] By Joan Tacle he had a son and heir Michael Mallet who inherited St Audries from his father^[27] and was the ancestor of the Malet baronets of Wilbury in Wiltshire, created in 1791.^[28] Anne Hatch survived her husband and married secondly to Sir Hugh Trevanyon.

John I Mallet (d.1570)

John I Mallet (d.1570) of Woolleigh, eldest son and heir by his father's second wife Anne Hatch, Sheriff of Devon in 1562 and a Member of Parliament for Plymouth in April 1554 and for Bodmin in 1562 and 1563-7.^[29] He married Alice Monck, a daughter of Anthony Monck (d.1545) (son of Humphry Monck) of Potheridge (directly across the River Torridge from Woolleigh) in the parish of Merton, Devon^[30] (or according to Pole he married Margaret Monck, daughter of Humphrey Monck^[31]). Anthony Monck was the great-great-grandfather of George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle (1608-1670), of Potheridge.^[32] Alice Monck's brother was Thomas Monck (d.1583), who married Frances Plantagenet, daughter of Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle KG (d. 1542), by his wife Honor Grenville (d. 1566), widow of John IV Basset (1462–1528), whose sister Alis Basset married Thomas Hatch of Woolleigh (see above). One of the daughters of Thomas Monck and Frances Plantagenet was Margaret Monck, who married Hugh Acland (1543-1622) and was the mother of Sir Arthur Acland (d.1610) who married Eleanor Mallet (1573-1645), heiress of Woolleigh (see below).

Small kneeling effigy of Elizabeth Rolle, widow of Robert Mallet of Woolleigh, on monument to her 2nd husband Sir John Acland (died 1620) of Columb John, in Broadclyst Church, Devon

Robert Mallet

Robert Mallet, son and heir, who married Elizabeth Rolle, a daughter of George Rolle (c.1486–1552) of Stevenstone, near Great Torrington in Devon,^[33] the founder of the wealthy, influential and widespread Rolle family of Devon. Elizabeth Rolle survived her husband and married secondly, as his first wife, to Sir John Acland (died 1620) of Columb John, Broadclyst, Devon, but produced no surviving progeny. A small kneeling figure representing Elizabeth Rolle survives on the monument with effigy to her 2nd husband in St John's Church, Broadclyst.

John II Mallet

John II Mallet, son, who died without progeny, when his co-heiresses became his sisters, of whom one, the heiress of Woolleigh, was Eleanor Mallet (1573-1645),^[34] who married her step-first cousin (her mother's nephew by marriage) Sir Arthur Acland (d.1610) of Acland in the parish of Landkey, Devon.^[35] Eleanor's mother was Elizabeth Rolle, who remarried to Sir John Acland (d.1620) of Columb John, Sir Arthur's uncle. Eleanor survived Sir Arthur and remarried to Sir Francis Vincent, 1st Baronet^[36] (c. 1568–1640) of Stoke d'Abernon,^[37] in Surrey.

Acland

Arms of Acland: Chequy argent and sable, a fesse gules

Woolleigh remained in the Acland family for many generations, following the descent of Killerton.^[38] The Aclands soon abandoned their original seat of Acland and in 1622 Sir John Acland, 1st Baronet (1591-1647), son of Sir Arthur Acland and Eleanor Mallet, moved definitively to Columb John, which he had inherited from his great-uncle Sir John Acland (d.1620), and left Acland as a residence for younger branches.^[39] Sir Hugh Acland, 5th Baronet (d.1714), 4th son of the 1st baronet, abandoned Columb John for adjoining Killerton. After that Woolleigh appears to have been used as a residence of elder sons and heirs apparent whilst their fathers were still alive and living at Killerton. Thus John Acland (d.1703), the son and heir apparent of Sir Hugh Acland, 5th Baronet (d.1714) resided at Woolleigh, but predeceased his father so never inherited Killerton.^[40]

Sir Arthur Acland (d. 1610)

Escutcheon showing arms of Acland (Chequy argent and sable, a fesse gules) impaling Mallet: Azure, three escallops or. Detail from monument to Sir Arthur Acland (d.1610), Landkey Church^[41]

Sir Arthur Acland (died 1610) whose impressive monument with effigy and inscription survives in the Acland Aisle in Landkey Church. Little is known about his life and career. Arthur Acland married his step-first cousin Eleanor Mallet (1573–1645) a daughter and co-heiress of Robert Mallet of Wooleigh. Eleanor's mother (or step-mother) was Elizabeth Rolle (a daughter of George Rolle (died 1552) of Stevenstone, the founder of a Devonshire land-owning dynasty even greater than the Aclands), who remarried to Sir John Acland (died 1620) of Columb John, Sir Arthur's uncle. Eleanor survived Sir Arthur and remarried to Sir Francis Vincent, 1st Baronet (c. 1568 – 1640) of Stoke d'Abernon,^[42] in Surrey. Columbjohn was at some time occupied by a connection of Eleanor Mallet, namely Antony Harvey, "an expert surveyor",^[43] the maternal grandfather of Eleanor Mallet's second husband's first wife Sarah Paulet, a daughter of Sir Amias Paulet (1532 – 26 September 1588) of Hinton St. George, Somerset, Governor of Jersey.

Sir John Acland, 1st Baronet (d.1647)

Sir John Acland, 1st Baronet (d.1647) of Acland, son, who abandoned the ancient family seat of Acland in favour of Columb John, which he had inherited from his great-uncle Sir John Acland (d.1620). He purchased the estate of Killerton, adjoining Columb John, as a jointure for his widowed mother Eleanor Mallet, who lived there with her second husband Sir Francis Vincent.^[44] John Acland was a Royalist commander in the Civil War. Before the start of the War he was appointed by King Charles I as one of 28 Commissioners of Array for Devon, in which role he raised two regiments for the King. The mansion house at Columb John served as a garrison for Royalist troops, and played a key role for that side as described by Clarendon in his History of the Rebellion:^[45]

"Devonshire was left in a very unsafe posture: there being only a small party at Columb-John, a house of sir John Ackland's, three miles off Exeter, to control the power of that city, where the Earl of Stamford was; and to dispute not only with any commotion that might happen in the country, but with any power that might arrive by sea".

The Royalist position improved in 1643 and Columb John ceased to be an isolated Royalist outpost when Prince Maurice and his army reached the area in the summer of that year.^[46] It was probably in recognition of his service in providing a Royalist garrison that Acland was awarded a baronetcy, of Columb John in the County of Devonshire", and was appointed Sheriff of Devon, by King Charles I in 1644.^[47] In 1645 Sir John was one of those present in the City of Exeter during the siege by Parliamentarian forces commanded by Generals Cromwell and Fairfax, who made Columb John their headquarters during the siege. The Parliamentarian troops were " a civilised lot, who paid for what they took, and ... knew how to behave like gentlemen even to their enemies. Sir John Acland's wife wrote to Cromwell as follows: "I received such ample testimony of your love when you were pleased to quarter at my house as that I cannot sufficiently express my thankfulness for the same".^[48] Whilst quartered at Columb John Cromwell and Fairfax offered very reasonable terms to the City that it surrendered on 13 April 1646 and all civilians and soldiers, including Sir John Acland, were permitted to march out honourably with colours flying, provided they laid down arms and took the national covenant of loyalty to Parliament. Acland was fined heavily for his delinquency, at £1,727 (later tripled) a sum equivalent to 1/10th of the value of his estates, which was the fourth largest fine suffered in Devon.^[49] Upon his death in 1647, he was succeeded by his eldest son Sir Francis Acland, 2nd Baronet (d. 1648).

Sir Francis Acland, 2nd Baronet (d. 1648)

Sir Francis Acland, 2nd Baronet (d. 1648), eldest son, who survived his father only a short time. He died unmarried and was buried at Stoke D'Abernon in Surrey, the former St Vincent manor, and his ledger stone survives in that church.

Sir John Acland, 3rd Baronet (d. 1655)

Sir John Acland, 3rd Baronet (d. 1655), younger brother. In 1654, he married Margaret Rolle, daughter of Denys Rolle (1614–1638) of Stevenstone.

Sir Arthur Acland, 4th Baronet (1655–1672)

Sir Arthur Acland, 4th Baronet (1655–1672), only son and heir who died as a minor in 1672, unmarried, and was succeeded by his uncle Hugh.

Sir Hugh Acland, 5th Baronet (died 1714)

Sir Hugh Acland, 5th Baronet (died 1714), uncle, who demolished the mansion house at Columb John and made adjacent Killerton his principal seat, which house he enlarged, possibly using some of the stonework from Columb John.^[50] Columb John thus became merged into the estate of Killerton. He retained only the chapel at Columb John, possibly because it had been endowed by Sir John Acland (d.1620) with an unalienable endowment of £25 per annum for ever "for the encouragement of a chaplain to preach and read prayers in it every Sabbath day".^[51] He gave it a new silver chalice to replace one lost during the Civil War.^[52] The chapel was restored in 1851 by Arthur Henry Dyke Acland (1811-1857) of Huntsham, Devon, who adopted the additional surname of Troyte in accordance with the will of his distant cousin by marriage Rev. Edward Berkeley Troyte, lord of the manor of Huntsham.^[53] He was a younger brother of Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, 11th Baronet (1809–1898), of Killerton.^[54] The building survives today as the "Chapel of St John".^[55] Sir Hugh Acland, 5th Baronet married Anne Daniel, daughter of Sir Thomas Daniel of Beswick Hall in Yorkshire. His eldest son and heir apparent was John Acland (d.1703), who resided at Woolleigh, but predeceased his father so never inherited Killerton.^[56] John's son was Sir Hugh Acland, 6th Baronet (1697-1728).

Leverton

The last tenants of Woolleigh under the Aclands were the Leverton family who farmed at Woolleigh:^[57]

• William I Leverton (1809-1872) (Baptised 29 Jun 1809, Alverdiscott, Devon, Died 21 Nov 1872, Woolleigh), a yeoman^[58] farmer, who married Hannah Hooper (1806-15 Dec 1877), who was born at Dowland in Devon,^[59] only daughter of Henry Hooper of Beaford.^[60] In the 1851 census he was resident at Woolleigh and farming 560 acres and employing 12 men. In 1857 he also held land at Blinsham in the parish of Beaford.^[61] By 1861 he was farming only 400 acres but was employing 9 labourers and 6 boys. In 1871 his acreage had reduced to 300 but he was employing 8 labourers and 8 workmen. In 1856 he was elected Chairman of the Torrington Association for the Protection of Property.^[62] He had two children:
  • Lucy Hannah Leverton, who married Christopher Norman of St.Giles in the Wood, Devon^[63]
  • William II Leverton, son and heir, who inherited from his mother her leasehold tenement in Dowland called Lower Upeost^[64]
• William II Leverton (1848-1925), son, farmer. In 1902 Woolleigh still belonged to the Aclands, in the person of Sir C. T. Dyke Acland, Bart, and comprised between 400 and 500 acres.^[65] In 1878 at Roborough he married Elizabeth Ann Wadland (d.1887), by whom he had progeny as follows:^[66]
  • William Henry Leverton (1879-1950), eldest son, who did not take over Woolleigh from his father, which was farmed instead by his younger brother Arthur. He died in 1950 at Broadclyst, Devon (in which parish is situated the Acland seat of Killerton). In 1910 he married Annie Elizabeth Wadland (1882-1983), who died in Broadclyst aged 100. He left three daughters.
  • Arthur Leverton (1882-1936), who took over Wolleigh in 1925.^[67]
  • Hannah Margareta Leverton (1885-1946)
  • Winifred Sarah Leverton (born 1886)
• Arthur Leverton (1882-1936), second son, who took over Wolleigh in 1925 following his father's death.^[68] He died at Woolleigh in 1936. In his will dated 13 May 1936^[69] he described himself as "yeoman" and "of Woolleigh" and refers to "my house Woolleigh" and left cash bequests to his cattleman, horseman, shepherd, pigman and to two labourers. He was Chairman of the North Devon Clay Company,^[70] which was incorporated in 1893 and took over the business of the Marland Brick & Clay Works Ltd, probably the first limited liability company in the ball clay industry which built the Marland light railway from the works to Torrington.^[71] In 1920 in Islington, London he married Florence Isabel Dyer (d.1944), but died without progeny.

Pengelly

The next occupants of Woolleigh were the Pengelly family.

• John Chamings Pengelly (1882-7 Oct 1942), who died at Woolleigh in 1942.^[72] He was buried in the Methodist’s Church burial ground, Marwood, Devon, where survives his gravestone.^[73]
• Wilfred Pengelly, of whom in the performance of traditional farming activities two monochrome photographs were taken by the photographer James Ravilious, who had been commissioned by the Beaford Centre to "show the people of North Devon to themselves".^[74] The photographs are titled "Setting up (wheat) stooks" (1974),^[75] and "Milking a Jersey cow".^[76]

External links

• Mallet Family History, Woolleigh Barton

Sources

• Listed building text, Woolleigh Barton and Adjoining Former Chapel, Beaford
• Risdon, Tristram (d.1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.269, Woolley
• Pole, Sir William (d.1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, pp.382-3, Wollegh

References

1. Listed building text
2. Listed building text
3. Pevsner, Nikolaus & Cherry, Bridget, The Buildings of England: Devon, London, 2004, p.161
4. Coulter, James, The Ancient Chapels of North Devon, Barnstaple, 1993, pp.20-1
5. Thorn, Caroline & Frank, (eds.) Domesday Book, (Morris, John, gen.ed.) Vol. 9, Devon, Parts 1 & 2, Phillimore Press, Chichester, 1985, 16,41
6. Sanders, I.J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960, p.69
7. Thorn, 16,41
8. Pole, p.415
9. Vivian, p.455; Pole, p.485
10. Risdon, p.306
11. Risdon, p.306
12. Pole, p.415
13. Pole, p.415
14. Pole, p.415
15. Pole, p.415
16. Coulter
17. The Lisle Letters: An Abridgement, By Muriel St. Clare Byrne; Vivian, p.46, pedigree of Basset; Vivian, p.46, pedigree of Basset
18. Risdon, Tristram, Survey of Devon, 1810 edition, p. 317
19. Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry, 15th Edition, ed. Pirie-Gordon, H., London, 1937, p.1517, pedigree of Mallet formerly of Ash
20. Pole, p.415
21. Pole, p.275, Deandon
22. The estate of "Deandon" is today called "Jordan", see Jordan, Mary Hall, Manor of Deandon, Devon & Cornwall Notes & Queries 6:2,(1910) pp.47-48; Linehan, C.D., A forgotten manor in Widecombe-in-the-Moor With notes on its archaeology and mining by H. French. Trans. Devon. Assoc. 94, (1962), pp.463-492, Dewdon
23. Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry, 15th Edition, ed. Pirie-Gordon, H., London, 1937, p.1517, pedigree of Mallet formerly of Ash
24. Excerpt from "Notices of an English Branch of the Malet Family", by Arthur Malet, published 1885, pp 49-51, appendix W1, quoted in
25. Pole, p.383
26. The Gentleman's Magazine, Volume 63, Part 1, 1793, p.115, Topographical Description of Honiton in Devon
27. Pole, p.383
28. Kidd, Charles, Debrett's peerage & Baronetage 2015 Edition, London, 2015, pp.B535-6
29. http://historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/malet-john-1520-70
30. Vivian, p.569
31. Pole, p.415
32. Vivian, p.569
33. Pole, p.415
34. Vivian, p.4
35. Pole, p.415
36. Vivian, p.4
37. Per monumental inscription, Landkey
38. Risdon, 1810 Additions, p.420, in 1810 Woolly belonged to Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, Bart
39. Acland, Anne. A Devon Family: The Story of the Aclands. London and Chichester: Phillimore, 1981, p.5
40. Vivian, p.5, pedigree of Acland
41. Modern repainting. Vivian, p.545 gives these arms of family of "Mallett of Idsleigh"
42. Per monumental inscription, Landkey
43. Pole, p.171
44. Acland, Anne, p.6
46. Acland, Anne, p.7
47. Acland, Anne, p.9
48. Acland, Anne, p.9
49. Acland, Anne, p.10
50. Acland, Anne, p.13
51. Gray, Todd & Rowe, Margery (Eds.), Travels in Georgian Devon: The Illustrated Journals of The Reverend John Swete, 1789-1800, 4 vols., Tiverton, 1999, Vol.4, p.211
52. Acland, Anne, p.13
53. Acland, Anne, pp92-3, 156
54. Acland, Anne, pp91-2
55. Pevsner, p.279
56. Vivian, p.5, pedigree of Acland
57. North Devon Record Office, B437, Leverton of Beaford, Farm and Estate Accounts, Wills, Executors' Statements, Letters, and Newspaper Cuttings, 1838-1965
58. Described as "yeoman" in the National Probate Index, London, 15 Jan 1873 "Administration of William Leverton of Woolleigh, Beaford, Devon, yeoman. Died 21 Nov 1872 at Woolleigh"
59. Leverton genealogy website
60. Exeter and Plymouth Gazette, 12 Feb 1842
61. White's Devonshire Directory, 1857
62. Peter Christie's 'Looking Back' Column In the North Devon Journal (1951-1959), reproducing extracts from past issues (1851-1987) of the Journal
63. National Probate Index, London, 16 May 1878 Will of Hannah Leverton of Beaford
64. Will of Hannah Leverton dated 21 Nov. 1874
65. Kelly's Directory of Devon, 1902
66. Leverton genealogy website
67. http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/5392c512-d5e6-4bd6-8a84-5a24c8c577ff
68. http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/5392c512-d5e6-4bd6-8a84-5a24c8c577ff
69. http://www.lizandstu.com/leverton/showmedia.php?mediaID=156&medialinkID=209
70. http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/5392c512-d5e6-4bd6-8a84-5a24c8c577ff
71. http://www.clayheritage.org/pages/claycos.htm
72. Western Times Devon, 16 Oct 1942
73. http://www.gravestonephotos.com/public/gravedetails.php?grave=64553&scrwidth=1256
74. http://www.freerangeproduction.com/Spreads%20from%20Land%20Matters.pdf
75. http://www.beaford-arts.org.uk/index.php?id=117
76. http://beaford-arts.org.uk/archive/image.php?id=JR0456-5A&q=land&o=96&t=461&n=111