Working holiday visa

A working holiday visa is a residence permit allowing travellers to undertake employment (and sometimes study) in the country issuing the visa to supplement their travel funds. For many young people, holding a working holiday visa enables them to experience living in a foreign country without undergoing the usual costly expenses of finding work sponsorship in advance or going on expensive university exchange programmes.

Most working holiday visas are offered under reciprocal agreements between certain countries to encourage travel and cultural exchange between their citizens.

There are often several restrictions on this type of visa:

• Many are intended for young travellers and, as such, have an age restriction (usually from 18 to 30 or 35).
• There are usually limits on the type of employment taken or the length of time the traveller can be employed.
• The visa holder is expected to have sufficient funds to live on while employment is sought.
• The visa holder should have some kind of health or travel insurance for the duration of the stay unless the country will cover.

Countries and territories offering working holiday visas

• Africa:  South Africa
• Asia:  Bangladesh,  Hong Kong,  Indonesia,  Israel,  Japan,  Malaysia,  Philippines,  Singapore,  South Korea,  Taiwan,  Thailand,  Turkey,  Vietnam
• Europe：  Andorra,  Austria,  Belgium,  Croatia,  Cyprus,  Czech Republic,  Denmark,  Estonia,  Finland,  France,  Germany,  Greece,  Hungary,  Iceland,  Ireland,  Italy,  Latvia,  Liechtenstein,  Lithuania,  Malta,  Monaco,  Netherlands,  Norway,  Poland,  Portugal,  Romania,  Russia,  Slovakia,  Slovenia,  Spain,  Sweden,   Switzerland,  Ukraine,  United Kingdom
• North America：  Canada,  Costa Rica,  Mexico,  United States
• Oceania:  Australia,  New Zealand
• South America：  Argentina,  Brazil,  Chile,  Colombia,  Peru,  Uruguay

Andorra

• Citizens of Australia aged 18 to 30 may apply for a 1-year Andorran working holiday visa in the Principality of Andorra.^[1]

Argentina

• The working holiday visa allows a stay of up to 12 months and is available to citizens of Australia, Denmark, France, Ireland, New Zealand in the Argentine Republic.^[2]
• Argentina's Working Holiday Program provides opportunities for people aged between 18 and 30 years (inclusive) to holiday in Argentina and to supplement their travel funds through incidental employment.^[3]

Australia

• The Working Holiday Visa requires holders to abide by two conditions: First, they cannot work for the same employer for more than 6 months. Second, they cannot engage in any study or training for more than 4 months.^[4]
• Australia's Working Holiday program provides opportunities for people aged between 18 and 30 years to holiday in Australia and to supplement their travel funds through short-term employment.
• The visa allows a stay of up to 12 months from the date of first entry to Australia, regardless of whether the holder spends the whole time in Australia. There is an optional 12-month extension available for individuals that have completed three months specified work in designated rural areas of Australia.
• Any kind of work of a temporary or casual nature is allowed, but work for more than six months with any one employer is not permitted.
• Working holiday visa holders are entitled to study or embark on a training course for a maximum of four months.
• Individuals may be subject to medical checks prior to coming to Australia particularly if seeking employment in healthcare or teaching. Applicants will be informed by the online application system if they require medical checks.^[5]
• The Australian working holiday visa is only available to eligible candidates once in a lifetime, although by undertaking work in a specified industry in regional Australia, it is possible to gain eligibility to an additional 12-month working holiday visa.^[6]
• Australia has reciprocal Working Holiday maker arrangements in effect with the United Kingdom, South Korea, Germany, Canada, the Netherlands, Japan, Taiwan, Republic of Ireland, Malta, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Hong Kong, Finland, Cyprus, France, Italy, Belgium, Iceland, Greece, Andorra, Estonia, Latvia and Hungary^[7] Passport holders from these nations may apply for a Working Holiday Visa subclass 417 in Commonwealth of Australia.^[8]
• Passport holders from Argentina, Bangladesh, China, Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, United States and Uruguay can apply for a work and holiday visa subclass 462,^[9] provided they have a tertiary education (except for individuals from the United States). Bangladesh has signed an work holiday visa agreement with Australia, which is included with subclass 462, this program was signed in October 2007 and was implemented in 2011.^[10] Argentina also signed a work holiday visa agreement included with the subclass 462, this program is going to be implemented during the 1st semester of 2012.
• Foreign Minister of Vietnam proposed an early signing of an agreement on the working holiday programme.
• New Zealand passport holders can work in Australia with few restrictions under the Trans-Tasman travel arrangement.^[11]

Austria

• Citizens of Hong Kong, New Zealand, South Korea and Taiwan aged 18–30 can apply for a 6-month and one year Austrian working holiday visa (which also permits study).^[12][13]
• Austria currently has a Youth Workers Exchange Program called Swap available to Canada graduates aged between 18-30.^[14]

Bangladesh

• Government of Bangladesh has signed a work holiday visa agreement with Government of Australia which is included with subclass 462.^[15]

Belgium

• Citizens of Australia, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand and Taiwan aged 18–30 may be eligible for a 1-year Belgian working holiday visa in the Belgium Federal Public.^[16]
• As Belgium is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 2 year Belgian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in the Kingdom of Belgium during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[17]

Brazil

• Citizens of France,^[18] Germany,^[19] South Korea,^[20] New Zealand^[21] aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Brazilian working holiday visa in the Federative Republic of Brazil.^[22]

Canada

• The Canadian working holiday visas are now known as IEC (International Experience Canada) work permits.^[23]
• Citizens of Australia,^[24] Austria, Belgium, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic,^[25] Denmark, Estonia,^[26] France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong SAR, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand,^[27] Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Ukraine and the United Kingdom are eligible for a Canadian working holiday visa, so long as they fulfill certain criteria which are specific to each country.^[28][29]
• Citizens of the U.S. who are full-time students (or have been within the past 9 months) are eligible for 12-month working holiday permits if obtained through the intermediary organization SWAP.^[30]
• Citizens of Poland between the ages of 18 and 35 are eligible from 2009.^[31] Canada has also signed an agreement with Spain.^[32]
• Citizens of Ukraine between the ages of 18 and 25 are eligible from 2010. There are no restriction for applicants status (non-students).^[33]
• Age limits are from 18-30 for most countries; 18-35 for citizens of Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Norway and Switzerland. Some countries' programs specify that the applicant must be a full-time student; others do not, and some have separate programmes for students and non-students.^[34]
• The type of work allowed and the maximum duration of stay depends on the applicant's country of residence.^[35]
• As the IEC program works on a first-come, first-served basis. This is due to the fact that in many countries there are a high number of applicants competing for a spot in a very limited time period even though many have argued that a lottery type program would be fairer.^[36]

Chile

• Citizens of Australia, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, South Korea and New Zealand aged 18–30 or 35 (in the case of Canada and Hungary) can apply for a 1-year Chilean working holiday visa. Also, if they can provide evidence of holding a medical and comprehensive hospitalisation insurance to remain in force throughout his/her stay in the Republic of Chile.^[37]
• Also citizens of Colombia, Mexico, Peru can apply to the Pacific Alliance (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru) work and holiday visa in the República de Chile.^[38]

Colombia

• Citizens of Chile, Mexico, Peru can apply to the Pacific Alliance work and holiday visa^[39] valid for up to 1 year in the República de Colombia.^[40][41]
• Citizens of France^[42] aged between 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Colombian working holiday visa in the Republic of Colombia.^[43]

Costa Rica

• Citizens of Canada aged 18–35 are eligible for a working holiday visa in the Republic of Costa Rica, valid for up to 12 months.^[44]

Croatia

• Citizens of Canada and New Zealand aged 18–30 are eligible for a working holiday visa in the Republic of Croatia, valid for up to one year.^[45]

Cyprus

• Citizens of Australia aged 18 to 25 are eligible for a working holiday visa in Cyprus, valid for up to 1 year.^[46]

Czech Republic

• Citizens of Canada, Chile,^[47] South Korea and New Zealand aged 18–30 or 35 can apply for a 2-year Czech working holiday visa in the Czech Republic.^[48]
• As the Czech Republic is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 2 year Czech working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the Česká republika during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[49]

Denmark

• Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand Can apply for a 1-year Danish working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Denmark.^[50] Applicants must be between the ages of 18 and 30.
• As Denmark is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the one year Danish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Kongeriget Danmark during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's one year validity).^[51][52]

Estonia

• Under the Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of Estonia and Australia, Canada, New Zealand visas are being issued, granting the right to work to 18–30 years old Australian, Canadian, New Zealander, Who may stay in the Republic of Estonia for up to 1 year.^[53][54]

Finland

• Citizens of Australia, Japan, New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Finnish working holiday visa in the Republic of Finland.^[55]
• As Finland is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Finnish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Suomen tasavalta during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[56]

France

• Citizens of Argentina,^[57] Australia, Canada, Chile,^[58] Colombia, Hong Kong,^[59] Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, and Russia (4-months) aged 18–30 or 35 can apply for a 1-year French working holiday visa (Permis Vacances Travail, usually called PVT).^[60]
• France signed a working holiday visa agreement with Brazil^[18] and Uruguay,^[61] which are yet to be implemented, and is in the process of signing one with Taiwan^[62] and Mexico.^[63]
• As France is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year French working holiday residence permit allows the holder to stay and work in République française during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).
• Note that citizens of Albania, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Monaco, Montenegro, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Seychelles, Taiwan, Uruguay and the Vatican City, as well as British Nationals (Overseas), of any age who wish to work in France for up to 90 days can do so without a visa or work permit. Other foreign nationals who are ordinarily visa exempt may be able to work in France without a visa if a valid work permit is held prior to entry.^[64]

Germany

• Citizens of Australia, Brazil, Chile, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and Taiwan aged between 18 and 30 may apply for a 1-year German working holiday visa in the Federal Republic of Germany.^[65]
• Citizens of Canada between 18 and 35 years of age may apply as well.^[66] There is no limit on the duration of employment, during the stay of up to 12 months. Evidence of sufficient funds for the first three months is required (i.e. 250 euro per month).
• Among other nationalities - the EU, EEA, Australians, Canadians, Israeli, Japanese, South Koreans, New Zealanders, Swiss, and Americans can apply for a residence permit to remain in Bundesrepublik Deutschland if they find long-term work that they are uniquely qualified to do.^[67] This is subject to approval by the government employment office - Bundesagentur für Arbeit. (See §16 AufenthV^[68])
• As Germany is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1-year German working holiday residence permit allows the holder to stay and work in the Federal Republic of Germany during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[69]

Greece

• Citizens of Australia and Canada aged 18 to 30 can apply for a one-year Greeks working holiday visa in the Hellenic Republic.^[70]
• As Greece is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Greeks working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Greece during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[71]

Hong Kong SAR

• Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government has the working holiday visa agreements with Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.^[72]
• Agree to hold medical and comprehensive hospitalisation and liability insurance Separately, Hong Kong residents 18 to 30 ages who are British National (Overseas) can apply for UK Youth Mobility Scheme without sponsors.^[73][74]

Hungary

• Citizens of Australia,^[75] Chile,^[76] South Korea, New Zealand and Taiwan between the ages 18–30 and 35 may apply for a 1-year Hungarian working holiday visa in the Republic of Hungary.^[77]
• As Hungary is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Hungarian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the State of Hungary during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[78]

Iceland

• Citizens of Australia aged 18 to 30 may apply for a 1-year Icelandic working holiday visa in the Republic of Iceland.^[79]

Indonesia

• Citizens of the Republic of Indonesia aged 18–30 can apply for a work and holiday visa subclass 462 of Commonwealth of Australia.^[80]

Ireland

• Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, Taiwan and the United States aged 18–30 (inclusive) may be eligible for a one-year Irish working holiday visa in the Republic of Ireland.^[81]
• Citizens of Canada between the ages of 18-35 are eligible for a two-year working holiday visa.
• Beginning in 2008, US citizens became eligible to apply for Working Holiday Authorization in Ireland. US citizens applying for this visa must have the following documentation:
  • Must be currently enrolled in post-secondary education or graduated within the past 12 months
  • Valid United States passport that will be valid for the entirety of the stay in Ireland.
  • 2 recent identical passport photographs with your name on the reverse
  • Current curriculum vitae (with references)
  • Original bank statement showing that you have access to €1,500 (or equivalent) plus a return ticket; or €3,000 (or equivalent)
  • Originals of any qualifications obtained or letter from school/college/university (where applicable)
  • The relevant fee of €250 or dollar equivalent as advised by the relevant Mission
  • Return airline tickets
  • Certificate of medical/travel insurance valid for the duration of the trip (based on dates on tickets)
• Applicants must have sufficient funds to support themselves for at least the initial part of the holiday or in the event of failing to secure employment. Immigration officials may request evidence of sufficient funds at the point of entry to Ireland.^[82]

Israel

• Citizens of Germany, South Korea, New Zealand between the aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Israeli working holiday visa in the State of Israel.^[83][84]

Italy

• Citizens of Australia, South Korea, New Zealand aged between 18-30 can apply for a 2-year Italian working holiday visa.
• Citizens of Canada^[85] aged between 18-35 can apply for a two-year Italian working holiday visa in the Italian Republic.
• As Italia is a Schengen Agreement signatory the two year Italian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Repubblica Italiana during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[86]

Japan

• Japan initiated its working holiday programmes, first with Australia in December 1980, then with New Zealand in July 1985, and with Canada in March 1986 respectively. In April 1999, the Republic of Korea joined the three preceding countries to start the Programme with Japan followed by France in December that year. The programme with Germany started in December 2000, then with the United Kingdom in April 2001, with Ireland in January 2007 with Denmark in October 2007, with Taiwan in June 2009, with Hong Kong in January 2010, with Norway in February 2013, with Poland in February 2015, with Portugal in March 2015, with Slovakia in November 2015.^[87]
  • Japan`s the Working Holiday Programmes are designed to foster young people with global perspective and enhance friendly relationship between Japan and partner countries/regions by providing opportunities for the young people to deepen their understanding about partner countries/regions.
  • Japan`s the Working Holiday participants are allowed to work for a certain period of their stay in order to cover the cost of travel funds to travel and stay in partner countries/regions.
  • The following 15 Countries are the detailed information on the Working Holiday Programmes in the State of Japan.
  • Citizens from Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, South Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Taiwan and the United Kingdom who are between the ages of 18-30.
• A one-year visa may be granted to citizens of Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, South Korea, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,^[88] Finland^[89] and United Kingdom—with no extension possible. A six-month visa may be granted to citizens of Australia which can be extended twice and once for citizens of New Zealand and Canada.^[90]

Latvia

• Citizens of Canada^[91] between the aged 18–35 can apply for a 1-year Latvian working holiday visa in the Latvian Republic.
• Citizens of New Zealand^[92] aged 18–30 can apply for a one-year Latvian working holiday visa in the Republic of Latvia.^[93]
• Citizens of Australia^[94] between the aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Latvian working holiday visa in Latvijas Republika.

Lithuania

• Citizens of Canada^[95] and New Zealand^[96] Ages of 18-30 or 35 inclusively on the date the application can get a 1-year Lithuanian working holiday visa.
• As the Republic of Lithuania is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Lithuanian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Lithuania during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[97]

Malaysia

• Citizens of New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Malaysian working holiday visa in the Federation of Malaysia.^[98]
• Citizens of Malaysians can apply for a work and holiday visa programme subclass 462 of the Commonwealth of Australia.^[99]

Malta

• Citizens of Australia and New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Maltese working holiday visa in the Republic of Malta.^[100]

Mexico

• Citizens of Canada,^[101] France,^[102] Germany,^[103] South Korea,^[104] New Zealand^[105] are eligible for a Mexican working holiday visa in Mexico valid for 1 year or some kind of 2 year. Applicants must be between the ages of 18–29 and 30.
• Citizens of Chile, Colombia, Peru are eligible for the Pacific Alliance working holiday visa in the United Mexican States valid for 1 year to Chileans, Colombians, Peruvians aged 18–30.^[106][107]

Monaco

• British citizens between the aged 18 to 30 can apply for a two-year Monacan working holiday visa in Principality of Monaco.^[108]

Netherlands

• Residents of countries within the European Union can come to reside in the Netherlands without a residence permit. Immigrants from some countries such as Australia, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand, and the United States.^[109]
• Citizens of Australia, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand between the ages of 18-31 are eligible for a 2-year Dutch working holiday visa in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.^[110]
• As the Nederland is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 2 year Dutch working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the Netherlands during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[111]

New Zealand

• Available to the following 43 countries or region, Citizens of Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China,^[112] Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania,^[113] Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Singapore (6-months-work exchange programme), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay and Vietnam.^[114]
• No working holiday visa is required for Australia citizens. All Australian citizens, regardless of their age or education (but subject to being of good character), are granted a residence class visa at the border upon entering New Zealand by virtue of the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement.
• Citizens of Canada, Czech Republic, Italy, the Netherlands, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States can work in New Zealand for 23 months and 24 months on a working holiday visa; citizens of other countries can work up to 12 months.
• Most travellers can enroll in one training or study course of up to three months duration during their visit. Australian citizens can study in New Zealand indefinitely.^[115]

Norway

• Citizens of Australia, Japan, New Zealand who are between the ages of 18-30 (inclusive) are eligible for a one-time, Norwegian working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Norway.^[116]
• Citizens of Canada who are the ages of 18-35 are eligible for a 1-year Nordic working holiday visa in Kongeriket Norge.^[117]

Peru

• Citizens of Chile, Colombia, Mexico are eligible for the Pacific Alliance working holiday visa in the República del Perú.^[118]
• Citizens of New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a one-year Peruvian working holiday visa in the Republic of Peru.^[119]

Philippines

• Citizens of New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Philippine working holiday visa in the Republic of the Philippines.^[120]

Poland

• Citizens of Canada Ages of 18 to 35 years old are eligible the Polish working holiday scheme in the Republic of Poland.^[31]
• Citizens of Australia, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, Taiwan between 18 and 30 years old both inclusive at the time of application can apply for the Polish working holiday visa.^[121]
• As Poland is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 2 year Polish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in Rzeczpospolita Polska during the visa's period of validity as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's one year validity).

Portugal

• Citizens of Australia, Japan, South Korea aged 18 to 30 can apply for a two-year Portuguese working holiday visa in the Portuguese Republic.
• As Portugal is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 2 year Portuguese working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in República Portuguesa during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's one year validity).^[122]

Romania

• The Romanian government has the working holiday programme agreement with the Republic of Korea thus citizens of South Korea between the ages of 18 to 30 year olds can apply for a 1-year Romanian working holiday visa in Romania.^[123][124]

Russia

• Citizens of France between the aged 18 to 30 can apply for a four-month Russian working holiday visa in the Russian Federation.^[125][126]

Singapore

• The universities must be ranked among the top 200 for overall academic performance in any of the following international rankings at least once within the past five years: Quacquarelli Symonds World University Rankings, Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s Academic Ranking of World Universities and Times Higher Education World University Rankings.^[127]

Slovakia

• Citizens of Australia,^[128] Canada, Japan,^[129] New Zealand and Taiwan aged 18–30 or 35 can apply for a 1-year Slovak working holiday visa in the Slovak Republic.
• As Slovakia is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 1 year Slovakian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in Slovenská republika during the visa's period of validity as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[130]

Slovenia

• Citizens of New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Slovene working holiday visa in the Republic of Slovenia.^[131]
• As Slovenia is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 1 year Slovenian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in Republika Slovenija during the visa's period of validity as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[132]

South Africa

• The Republic of South Africa, from where 17,000 young people previously visited the UK under the Working Holiday scheme, is also not part of the British Tier 5 Youth Mobility Scheme.^[133] However, university level students and recent graduates of any nationality are eligible to apply for a 6-month Internship in Britain through BUNAC (officially known as the BUNAC Blue Card Internship Programme).^[134]
• Canadian students may work in the Republic of South Africa for a 12-month period through Swap.^[135]

South Korea

• Citizens of Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Taiwan can live-work in Korea for up to a year also these nationalities are able to extend period in a row for maximum to 24-month.^[136]
• Citizens of Australia, Canada, UK, USA May live-work for up to two years.^[137]
• There is no quota to citizens of Australia, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Sweden.^[138]
• Note that citizens of Azerbaijan, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE and Vietnam are participating for the SWAP program through IYE (International Youth Exchange) system.^[139]

Spain

• Citizens of Australia^[140] and New Zealand^[141] aged 18–30 can apply for a one-year Spanish working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Spain.
• Spain has signed an agreement with Canada^[142] As of December 2010, the Spanish authorities have failed to apply this agreement within Spain and most Canadian citizens in Spain under this agreement have not been able to confirm their legal status nor been able to work. Canadian citizens wishing to apply for this visa should be aware of this current situation and should not plan their year upon receiving the visa because they might have to return to Canada after 90 days.
• As Spain is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Spanish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Reino de España during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[143]

Sweden

• Citizens of the EU/EEA, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Aland Islands, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Switzerland can apply for live and work in Sweden without permits.^[144]
• The Swedish governments offers a working holiday visa program to Australia, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand passport holders for up to 2 years in the Kingdom of Sweden.^[145]
• As Sweden is a Schengen Agreement signatory the twenty four months Swedish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Konungariket Sverige during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[146]

Switzerland

• Citizens of Canada between the ages 18 and 35 can apply for a 1-year Swiss working holiday visa in Swiss Confederation.^[147][148]

Taiwan

• Citizens of Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia and the United Kingdom between the aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Taiwanese working holiday visa in Taiwan.^[149]

Thailand

• Citizens of Australia^[150] and New Zealand^[151] are eligible for a 1-year Thai working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Thailand.
• Applicants must be aged between 18 and 30, and have tertiary qualifications (full-time courses with at least 3 years of study).
• Applicants must have an Australian passport valid for at least 6 months or a New Zealand passport valid for at least 12 months, a return ticket or sufficient funds to purchase one, and funds of at least A$5,000 or NZ$7,000, and must be in good health and hold comprehensive medical insurance.
• Applications must be made at the Thai Embassy in Canberra or the Thai Consulate in Sydney for Australian nationals, or at the Thai Embassy in Wellington for New Zealand nationals.^[152]

Turkey

• The Turkish working holiday visa allows a stay of up to 12 months and is available to Australia and New Zealand citizens.^[153]
• The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey's Working Holiday Program provides opportunities for young people aged between 18–30 years old (inclusive) to holiday in the Republic of Turkey and to supplement their travel funds through incidental employment.^[154]

Ukraine

• The Ukrainian Government offering the working holiday visas to citizens of Canada aged 18–25 year olds can apply for a 1-year Ukrainian working holiday visa.^[155]

United Kingdom

• On 27 November 2008, a number of youth mobility schemes were combined into Tier 5 (Youth Mobility) as part of the Points-Based Immigration System.^[156] The previous Working Holidaymaker Scheme for Commonwealth nationals was merged with other schemes: au pairs, BUNAC, the Gap Year entrants concession, the Japan Youth Exchange Scheme and the concession for research assistants to MPs.^[157] Participating countries must offer a reciprocal scheme to young British nationals. The scheme has eight participating countries: Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Monaco, New Zealand, Taiwan and British nationals^[158] who are not citizens of the UK including British Nationals (Overseas), British Overseas Territory Citizens and British Overseas Citizens can also apply in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Youth Mobility Scheme visa isn't Working Holiday Scheme, because it is the work visa, not be holiday mainly. When entering the UK, the purpose of entry is the work, not be holiday.
• The 24 month validity period runs continuously from the date from which the Entry Clearance is valid. Regardless of any time spent travelling outside the UK. This period cannot be extended nor can it be put on hold.^[159]
• Although participants can undertake self-funded study while they are in the UK, either part-time or full-time, they cannot switch in the UK to student immigration status. Someone who wishes to stay longer in the UK to complete a full-time course must apply in their home country for a student visa. If someone does complete a course of study in the UK during their Tier 5 leave, they will not be eligible to switch to the Tier 1 (Post Study Work) scheme within the UK.^[160]

United States

• Citizens of Canada who are full-time students (or have been within the past 9 months) are eligible for 12-month working holiday permits if obtained through the intermediary organization SWAP.^[161]
• Applicants must be college/university students, or have graduated from college/university within the past twelve months.^[162]
• The Exchange Visitor Pilot Programs (J-1) allows a stay of up to 2 year in the U.S. and is available to citizens of Australia, Ireland, South Korea, and New Zealand.^[163]
• Part-time and high school students are ineligible. In addition, applicants must show sufficient funds to support themselves during their stay and have adequate medical insurance coverage. Applicants will also be required to meet certain criminal and medical requirements.^[164]

Uruguay

• The Uruguayan working holiday visa programmes allows a stay of up to 12 months and is available to Australia, France, New Zealand citizens in the Oriental-Eastern Republic of Uruguay.^[165]
• Uruguay's Working Holiday Program provides opportunities for people aged between 18 and 30 years (inclusive) to holiday in Uruguay and to supplement their travel funds through incidental employment.^[166]

Vietnam

• The Vietnamese working holiday visa allows a stay of up to 1 year and is available to citizens of Australia and New Zealand in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.^[167][168]

Working holiday visas for New Zealand citizens

Country	Duration	Cost	Age restriction	Notes
Argentina	1 year	$50USD	18 to 35 years	Medical insurance for duration of stay. Police clearance certificate. Proof of funds for your stay.
Australia	Unlimited		none	No application required. Eligible for national health care.
Austria	6 months
Belgium	1 year		18 to 30 years
Brazil	1 year		18 to 30 years
Canada	23 months		18 to 35 years
Chile	1 year		18 to 30 years	Medical insurance required.
China	1 year		18 to 30 years
Croatia	1 year		18 to 30 years
Czech Republic	2 years		18 to 35 years
Denmark	1 year		18 to 30 years
Estonia	1 year		18 to 30 years
Finland	1 year		18 to 30 years
France	1 year		18 to 30 years
Germany	1 year		18 to 30 years
Hong Kong
Hungary	1 year		18 to 30 years
Ireland	1 year		18 to 30 years
Israel	1 year		18 to 30 years
Italy	1 years		18 to 30 years	Medical insurance for duration of stay. Proof of funds for your stay.
Japan	1 year[169]		18 to 30 years (at time of application)	Must be residing in New Zealand at time of application. Must have a bank statement proving funds of NZ$4,000.
Latvia	1 year		18 to 30 years
Lithuania	1 year
Malaysia	1 year		18 to 30 years
Malta	1 year		18 to 30 years
Mexico	1 year		18 to 29 years
Netherlands	1 year[170]	€53[171]	18 to 31 years
Norway			18 to 30 years
Peru	1 year		18 to 30 years
Philippines	1 year		18 to 30 years
Poland			18 to 30 years
Slovakia	1 year		18 to 30 years
Slovenia	1 year		18 to 30 years
South Korea	1 year		18 to 30 years	Can be extended for an additional 1 year. From 2016, 3000 places will be available under this scheme.
Spain	1 year		18 to 30 years
Sweden	2 years
Taiwan	1 year		18 to 30 years
Thailand	1 year		18 to 30 years	Tertiary qualification required.
Turkey	1 year		18 to 30 years
United Kingdom	2 years
United States	2 years			Must have graduated with a tertiary qualification within the past year.
Uruguay	1 year		18 to 30 years
Vietnam	1 year

See also

• Gap year

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External links

• Movie treating Working Holiday Visa