List of largest locomotives
As railroads around the world haul larger quantities of freight efficiently, the title of world's largest locomotive has often been passed to new generations of rolling stock.
Standard
There are many ways in which a locomotive can be the largest: the heaviest, longest, most cylinders, most power, or most wheels. It is often defined as the longest in length, but there is even a debate on whether or not to include the tender, which is equivalent to the fuel tank of a diesel, in the measurement. To establish the "largest" category, several factors take precedence: overall weight, which gives traction over driving axles; size (length & height of engine itself); and power, which may be in terms of raw horsepower, tractive effort, available power at axles (shaft horsepower) or, in the case of steam locomotives, available steam on a sustained basis.
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| name | railway | series | maker | dates | drive | wheel arrangement | weight | power | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4E5K | Russian Railways | Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant | 2014-present | Electric | 384 t | 17838 hp (13120 kW) | Most powerful electric locomotive and most powerful locomotive of any type ever build | ||
| GT1s | Russian Railways | Sinara transport machines | Electric | 11285 hp
(8300 kW) |
Most powerful gas-turbine electric locomotive. Most powerful internal combustion locomotive built. | ||||
| Little joe | The Milwaukee Road | EF-4 and EP-4 | General Electric | 1950-80 | Electric | 2-D+D-2 | 247.5 t | 5,110 hp | 20 were built originally for use in Soviet Russia. The Milwaukee Road bought 12 out of the 20. Max speed of 68mph, used for freight and passenger. |
| Eurotunnel Class 9 | Eurotunnel | 9000 | Euroshuttle Locomotive Consortium | 1993-2002 | electric | Bo-Bo-Bo | 132 t | 9,400 horsepower (7,000 kW) | Always used in pairs (one at each end of the train). Early versions were 7,500 horsepower (5,600 kW) but most have been rebuilt to 7 MW. |
| AD43C | Iranian Railways(RAI) | 2001-2100 | ALSTOM | 2001 | Diesel Electric | Co'Co' | 120 t | 4,300 horsepower (3,207 kW) | about 50 locomotives are stopped because of failures in the RK215 diesel engine |
| Ae 6/6 | SBB, Switzerland | 11401-11520 | SLM, MFO/ BBC | 1952; 1955–66 | electric | Co-Co | 120 t | 5,766 horsepower (4,300 kW) continuous; tractive effort 392 kN (40 tons) | still in operation (October 2012) |
| Ae 6/8 | BLS, Switzerland | 201-208 | SLM / Sécheron | 1939 | electric | (1'Co)(Co1') | 140 t | 5,914 horsepower (4,410 kW) 1-hour rating; tractive force 353 kN (36 tons) |
2 remain in working order as heritage locos |
| Ae 8/8 | BLS, Switzerland | 271-275 | SLM / BBC | 1959-66 | electric | (Bo)(Bo)+(Bo)(Bo) | 160 t | 8,683 horsepower (6,475 kW) 1-hour rating; tractive force 471 kN (48 tons) |
1 preserved in working order |
| Ae 8/14 | SBB, Switzerland | 11852 | SLM, MFO/ BBC | 1939 | electric | (1'A)A1'A(A1')+(1'A)A1'A(A1') | 236 t | 10,255 horsepower (7,647 kW) continuous; 10,945 horsepower (8,162 kW) 1-hour rating; tractive effort 490 kN (50 tons) |
Exhibit at Swiss Transport Museum |
| Re 4/4 | BLS, Switzerland | Re 425 161-Re 425 195) | SLM / BBC | 1964-83 | electric | Bo'Bo' | 80 t | 6,678 horsepower (4,980 kW) continuous; tractive force 314 kN (32 tons) |
in operation (October 2012) |
| Re 465 | BLS, Switzerland | Re 465 001-465 0018 | SLM, ABB | 1994-97 | electric | Bo-Bo | 84 t | 8,410 horsepower (6,271 kW) continuous; 9,390 horsepower (7,002 kW) short term; tractive effort 320 kN (32.6 tons) | Similar locomotives with slightly different technical data are in operation with SBB (Re 460; 119 pc/ NSB (El 18; 22 pc)/ VR (Sr2; 46 pc)/ KCRC (Hong Kong; 2 pc) |
| Re 6/6 | SBB, Switzerland | 11601-11689 | SLM, MFO/BBC/Sécheron | 1972, 1975–80 | electric | Bo-Bo-Bo | 120 t | 9,705 horsepower (7,237 kW) continuous; 10,460 horsepower (7,800 kW) 1-hour rating; tractive force 398 kN (41 tons) |
in operation (October 2012), revised classification Re 620 |
| PRR GG1 | Pennsylvania Rail Road (PRR), Penn Central, Conrail, Amtrak & NJ Transit | 4800-4938, 900-929 | Altoona Works, General Electric | 1934–43 | Electric | 2-C+C-2 (4-6-6-4) | 208.9 to 216.4 | 4,629 horsepower (3,452 kW), Tractive Effort: 65,500 lbf | Most scrapped; the prototype and 15 production locomotives preserved in museums |
| Class 461 | Železnice Srbije, Serbia | ŽS461-0/1, ŽS461-2 | Electroputere Craiova, Romania | 1965–91 | Electric | Co'Co' | 120 t | 7,638 horsepower (5,696 kW) | Operational in Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Hungary & Macedonia. |
| XA Triplex | Virginian Railway | 700 | Baldwin | 1916 | Steam | 2-8-8-8-4 | 383 t | N/A, Tractive Effort: 199,560 lb simple; 166,600 lb compound | Rebuilt into separate locomotives |
| Challenger | Union Pacific | 3985 | ALCO | 1936–43 | Steam | 4-6-6-4 | 485 t | 5,000 horsepower (3,728 kW) | Operates in excursion service; largest operational steam locomotive in 2007 |
| Big Boy | Union Pacific | X4000-X4024 | ALCO | 1941-–44 | Steam | 4-8-8-4 | 548 t | 6,290 horsepower (4,690 kW), Tractive Effort 135,375 lbf (602.18 kN) | Several on static display.
No. 4014 has been moved from Pomona, Calif., to Cheyenne, Wyo. for restoration. |
| Allegheny | Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) & Virginian Railway (VGN) | 1600-1659 (C&O), 900-907 (VGN) | Lima Locomotive Works | 1941–48 | Steam | 2-6-6-6 | 544 t | 7,500 horsepower (5,593 kW) | Two on static display |
| PRR Q2 | Pennsylvania Railroad | 6131, 6175-6199 | Altoona Works | 1941–45 | Steam | 4-4-6-4 | 456 t | 7,987 horsepower (5,956 kW) | Most powerful steam locomotive ever static tested |
| PRR S1 | Pennsylvania Railroad | 6100 | Altoona Works | 1939 | Steam | 6-4-4-6 | 487 t | 7,200 horsepower (5,369 kW) | Fast passenger locomotive; the magazine Popular Mechanics cites 1941 a speed of 133.4 mph (214.7 km/h) |
| PRR S2 | Pennsylvania Railroad | 6200 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 1944 | Steam Turbine Direct-drive | 6-8-6 | 470 t | 6,900 horsepower (5,145 kW) | Most powerful steam turbine locomotive ever built |
| M1 | Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) | 500-502 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 1947–50 | Steam Turbine Electric | 2-C1-2-C1-B
(4-8-0-4-8-4) |
428 t | 6,000 horsepower (4,474 kW) turbine; 4,960 horsepower (3,699 kW) generators |
Nicknamed "Sacred Cows". Sold back to Baldwin in 1950 and scrapped. |
| GTEL 8500 'Big Blow' | Union Pacific | 1-30 (control cab), 1B-30B (turbine unit) | General Electric | 1958–61 | Gas turbine-electric | C-C+C-C | 425 t | 8,469 horsepower (6,315 kW); over 10,000 hp at lower altitude and ambient temperatures (only turbine) | Two preserved in museums. Surpassed by GT1s |
| EMD DDA40X | Union Pacific | 6900-6947 | Electro-Motive Division of General Motors | 1969–71 | Diesel-electric | D-D | 244 t | 6,600 horsepower (4,922 kW) | One operational, several in museums; largest operational single-unit diesel locomotive and the most powerful |
| Voith Maxima | Voith | 2006–14 | Diesel-hydraulic | Co'Co' | 126–136 t | 5,000 horsepower (3,728 kW) continuous (Maxima 40CC) | Voith Maxima 40CC is the most powerful diesel-hydraulic locomotive ever built; tractive effort 408 kN | ||
| SJ Dm3 | Malmbanan | ASEA | 1953–71 | Electric | 1'D+D+D1' | 273 t | 9,655 horsepower (7,200 kW) | Highest continuous tractive effort when built, most powerful locomotive using jackshafts | |
| DB Class 103 | Deutsche Bahn | 103 101-245 | AEG, BBC, Henschel, Krauss-Maffei, Krupp, Siemens AG | 1970–73 | Electric | Co'Co' | 114 t | 9,977 horsepower (7,440 kW) continuous; 13,900 horsepower (10,365 kW) 1-hour rating; 16,270 horsepower (12,133 kW) short term |
One of the most powerful electric locomotives ever built; immense short term power: tractive effort of 312 kN up to a speed of 140 km/h (87 mph) |
| DB Class 151 | Deutsche Bahn | 151 001-170 | AEG, BBC, Henschel, Krauss-Maffei, Krupp, Siemens AG | 1972–78 | Electric | Co'Co' | 118 t | 8,432 horsepower (6,288 kW); tractive effort 395 kN | Powerful freight locomotive in the 1970s with high continuous tractive effort |
| DB Class 101 | Deutsche Bahn | 101 001-145 | Adtranz | 1996–99 | Electric | Bo'Bo' | 83 t | 8,583 horsepower (6,400 kW) continuous | Maximum speed 220 km/h (137 mph) |
| EuroSprinter | Deutsche Bahn, ÖBB | Krauss-Maffei, Siemens | 1996–2001 | Electric | Bo'Bo' | 86 t | 8,583 horsepower (6,400 kW) continuous; 9,790 horsepower (7,300 kW) short term |
Maximum speed 230 km/h (143 mph); Taurus Rh 1216 050-5: 357 km/h (222 mph) world record for conventional electric locomotives | |
| DSB EG | DB Schenker Rail | 3103-3113 | Siemens Mobility | 1999–2000 | Electric | Co'Co' | 132 t | 8,717 horsepower (6,500 kW) continuous; tractive effort 400 kN | One of the most powerful single-frame electric locomotives in operation in Europe |
| 060-EA | Romanian Railways(CFR) | 001-1000 | Electroputere Craiova | 1970-91 | Electric | Co'Co' | 120 t | 6,839 horsepower (5,100 kW) | Powerful locomotive in the 1970s; high continuous tractive effort |
| Softronic Transmontana | Romanian Railways (CFR) and Hungarian State Railways ( MÁV ) | 001, 2001-2004 | Softronic Craiova | 2010–present | Electric | Co'Co' | 120 t | 8,046 horsepower (6,000 kW) continuous; 8,851 horsepower (6,600 kW) 1-hour rating |
Powerful locomotive with high tractive effort of 435 kN |
| JR Freight Class EF200 | JR Freight | Hitachi Ltd. | 1990– | Electric | Bo'Bo'Bo' | 100.8 t | 8,046 horsepower (6,000 kW) | Most powerful single-frame narrow-gauge locomotive in series production | |
| EMD SD90MAC | Union Pacific | 8500-8561 | Electro-Motive Diesel | 1996–2002 | Diesel-Electric | C-C | 210 t | 6,300 horsepower (4,698 kW) | Retired from service, some on lease with EMLX |
| GE AC6000CW | Union Pacific; CSX Transportation; BHP Billiton | 600-699, 5000-5016, 6070-6077, 7500-7579 (being overhauled and renumbered 69xx) | General Electric | 1996–2001 | Diesel-Electric | Co'Co' | 210 t | 6,250 horsepower (4,661 kW) | Actual HP output on early production units is 4350 hp due to use of the 7FDL engine. |
| EMD SD70Ace | Union Pacific; CSX Transportation; Norfolk Southern; BNSF Railway; Kansas City Southern Railway | (UP) 1982, 1983, 1988, 1989, 1995, 1996, 4141 (All Wear Special/Heritage Liveries) 8309-8423/8521-8823
(CSX)4831-4850 (NS)1000-1064/1065-1074 (Wears Heritage Liveries)/1075-1099, (BNSF) 8750-8799/9000-9399 (KCS)4000-4059/4100-4129/4140-4164 |
Electro-Motive Diesel | 2003–Present | Diesel-Electric | Co'Co' | 204t | 4,300 horsepower (3,207 kW) | Other alternatives are now available such as the SD70Ace P4/P6 and the SD70AH(UP). |
| Indian locomotive class WAG-9 | Indian Railways | Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, India | 1998 | Electric | Co'Co' | 123 t | 6,350 horsepower (4,735 kW) | Most powerful electric locomotive in India in 2010. | |
| China Railways HXN3 | China Railways | HXN30001-HXN30300 | Dalian Locomotive, EMD | 2008– | Diesel-Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 6,300 horsepower (4,698 kW) | Most powerful diesel-electric locomotive in active production. |
| China Railways HXN5 | China Railways | HXN50001-HXN50300 | GE, CSR Qishuyan Locomotive | 2008– | Diesel-Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 6,250 horsepower (4,661 kW) | Most powerful diesel-electric locomotive in active production. |
| China Railways DF8DJ | China Railways | DF8DJ0001, later DF8B5672 | CSR Qishuyan Locomotive, CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive | 2006 | Diesel-Electric | Co'Co' | 138 or 150 t | 4,800 kilowatts (6,437 hp) | Most powerful single-engine diesel locomotive. |
| China Railways HXD1 | China Railways | HXD10001-HXD10220 | CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive, Siemens | 2006–08 | Electric | Bo'Bo'+Bo'Bo' | 200 t | 12,874 horsepower (9,600 kW) | |
| China Railways HXD2 | China Railways | HXD20001-HXD20180 | Datong Electric Locomotive, Alstom | 2006–08 | Electric | Bo'Bo'+Bo'Bo' | 200 t | 13,410 horsepower (10,000 kW) | |
| China Railways HXD3 | China Railways | HXD30001-HXD30890, HXD38001-38150 | Toshiba, Dalian Locomotive | 2006–09 | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 9,655 horsepower (7,200 kW) | |
| China Railways HXD1B | China Railways | HXD1B0001-HXD1B0500 | CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive, Siemens | 2009– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 12,874 horsepower (9,600 kW) | Most powerful single-frame locomotive in series production |
| China Railways HXD2B | China Railways | HXD2B0001-HXD2B0500 | Datong Electric Locomotive, Alstom | 2009– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 12,874 horsepower (9,600 kW) | Most powerful single-frame locomotive in series production |
| China Railways HXD3B | China Railways | HXD3B0001-HXD3B0500 | Dalian, Bombardier | 2009– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 12,874 horsepower (9,600 kW) | Most powerful single-frame locomotive in series production |
| China Railways HXD1C | China Railways | HXD1C0001-HXD1C0990 | CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive, Siemens | 2009– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 9,655 horsepower (7,200 kW) | |
| China Railways HXD2C | China Railways | HXD2C0001- | Datong Electric Locomotive, Alstom | 2010– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 9,655 horsepower (7,200 kW) | |
| China Railways HXD3C | China Railways | HXD3C0001- | Dalian, Bombardier | 2010– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 9,655 horsepower (7,200 kW) | |
| IORE | Malmbanan | IORE 101-IORE 126 | Bombardier | 2000–04 | Electric | Co'Co'+Co'Co' | 360 t | 14,483 horsepower (10,800 kW) for a pair, possible to operate halves which is not usually done |
Highest continuous tractive effort |
| Jawn Henry | Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) | 2300 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 1954-58 | Steam Turbine Electric | C+C-C+C | 404 t | 4,500 horsepower (3,356 kW) |
Struck from the N&W roster on January 4, 1958 |
| VL85 | Russian Railways | 270 | Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant | 1983-94 | Electric | Bo'Bo'Bo'+Bo'Bo'Bo' | 300 t | 12,550 horsepower (9,359 kW) continuous; 13,437 horsepower (10,020 kW) short term | |
| WDG5 | Indian Railways | EMD / DLW | 2012–present | Diesel-Electric Transmission | Bo-Bo-Bo | 5500HP locomotive with 560KN tractive effort | The most powerful diesel locomotive in India. A vision statement of IR suggests that up to 5,000 units of this class will be manufactured by 2020. | ||
| Union Pacific Coal GTELs | Union Pacific | 80 (later 8080) | Union Pacific Omaha Shops | 1961 | Diesel-Electric + Gas Turbine-Electric | A1A-A1A+2-D-D-2 | 728 t | 7,000 horsepower (5,220 kW) (2000 hp Diesel + 5000 hp turbine) | Home-built experimental coal-fired gas turbine. Assembled from ALCO PA-1 UP #607, GN W1 #5018, and the tender from Challenger #3990. 215 feet (66 m) overall length; 1,457,280 pounds (661,011 kg) total weight. Unsuccessful; set aside in 1964 and scrapped in 1968. |
| H220 | Victorian Railways | H Class | Victorian Railways / [Newport Workshop] | 1941–1958 | Steam Boiler, 3 Cylinder | 4-8-4 | 265t | 3,600 HP / 2,680KW coal fired steam locomotive (50 mph) with 245KN tractive effort. | The most powerful steam locomotive, at the time built in, Australia. 1 Built. Preserved at Newport, Victoria |
| 6029 | New South Wales Government Railways | AD60 Class | New South Wales Government Railways / [Beyer, Peacock and Company] | 1952–1954, 1956 | Steam Boiler, 4 Cylinder | 4-8-4+4-8-4 | 255t | 264.9 kN tractive effort. | Largest steam locomotive operating in Australia |
| Virginian Railway EL-3A | Virginian Railway | 100-109 | ALCO + Westinghouse | 1925-1926 | Electric | 1-D-1+1-D-1+1-D-1 | 624 t | 6,000 horsepower (4,474 kW) continuous; 7,125 horsepower (5,313 kW) (1-hour rating) | 152.25 feet (46 m) overall length. |
See also
References
- Diebert, Timothy S. and Strapac, Joseph A. (1987). Southern Pacific Company Steam Locomotive Conpendium. Shade Tree Books. ISBN 0-930742-12-5.
External links
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