Xanthophyllum
| Xanthophyllum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Xanthophyllum arnottianum, India | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Polygalaceae |
| Genus: | Xanthophyllum Roxb.[1][2] |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Xanthophyllum is a genus of about 94 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae.[2] The generic name is from the Greek meaning "yellow leaf", referring to how the leaves are often yellow when dry. In Borneo it is known as minyak berok in Malay or nyalin in the Iban language.[3]
Description
Xanthophyllum species grow as trees or shrubs. Their twigs are often smooth and are coloured green or yellow. Leaves, when not drying yellow, dry green or dark brown. Flowers feature five petals. The mostly roundish fruits are not winged and measure up to 15 cm (6 in) in diameter. Fruits of some species are considered edible, e.g. X. ecarinatum, X. obscurum and X. stipitatum.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Xanthophyllum grows naturally from tropical Asia to northern Australia. The majority of species grow in lowland rainforest. Some species grow at higher altitudes in hill or montane forests. Others occur in peatswamp or kerangas forests.[3]
Species
As of March 2014, the following is a (currently incomplete) list of species:[2][4][5]
- Xanthophyllum adenotus Miq.
- var. arsatii (C.E.C.Fisch.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum arnottianum Wight
- Xanthophyllum beccarianum Chodat
- Xanthophyllum bicolor W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum borneense Miq.
- Xanthophyllum brachystachyum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum brevipes Meijden
- Xanthophyllum bullatum King
- Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium Meijden
- Xanthophyllum clovis (Steenis ex Meijden) Meijden
- Xanthophyllum contractum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum crassum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum discolor Chodat
- Xanthophyllum ecarinatum Chodat
- Xanthophyllum ellipticum Korth. ex Miq.
- Xanthophyllum ferrugineum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb.
- Xanthophyllum fragrans C.T.White
- Xanthophyllum hainanense Hu
- Xanthophyllum havilandii Chodat
- Xanthophyllum heterophyllum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum impressum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum inflatum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum ionanthum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum korthalsianum Miq.
- Xanthophyllum lineare (Meijden) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum longum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum macrophyllum Baker
- Xanthophyllum montanum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum monticolum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum neglectum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum nigricans Meijden
- Xanthophyllum nitidum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum obscurum A.W.Benn.
- Xanthophyllum octandrum (F.Muell.) Domin
- Xanthophyllum oliganthum C.Y. Wu
- Xanthophyllum ovatifolium Chodat
- Xanthophyllum pachycarpon W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum parvifolium Meijden
- Xanthophyllum pauciflorum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum pedicellatum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum penibukanense Heine
- Xanthophyllum petiolatum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus Meijden
- Xanthophyllum pubescens Meijden
- Xanthophyllum pulchrum King
- Xanthophyllum purpureum Ridl.
- Xanthophyllum ramiflorum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum rectum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum reflexum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum resupinatum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum reticulatum Chodat
- Xanthophyllum rheophilum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum rufum A.W.Benn.
- Xanthophyllum schizocarpon Chodat
- Xanthophyllum stipitatum A.W.Benn.
- Xanthophyllum subcoriaceum (Chodat) Meijden
- Xanthophyllum sulphureum King
- Xanthophyllum tardicrescens Meijden
- Xanthophyllum tenue Chodat
- Xanthophyllum trichocladum Chodat
- Xanthophyllum velutinum Chodat
- Xanthophyllum virens Roxb.
- Xanthophyllum vitellinum (Blume) D.Dietr.
- Xanthophyllum yunnanense C.Y. Wu
References
- ↑ Roxburgh, William (1819). Plants of the Coast of Coromandel (Digitised, online, via biodiversitylibrary.org) 3. East India Company. p. 81–2. Retrieved 3 Nov 2013.
- 1 2 3 Meijden, R. van der (1988). "Xanthophyllum". In Adema, F.; Leenhouts, P. W.; van Welzen, P. C. Flora Malesiana (Digitised, online). Series I, Spermatophyta : Flowering Plants. Vol. 10 pt. 3: Polygalaceae. Leiden, The Netherlands: Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, Leiden University. pp. 493–539. ISBN 90-247-3736-2. Retrieved 3 Nov 2013.
- 1 2 3 De Wilde, W. J. J. O.; Duyfjes, Brigitta E. E. (March 2007). "Xanthophyllum Roxb." (PDF). In Soepadmo, E.; Saw, L. G.; Chung, R. C. K.; Kiew, Ruth. Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions) 6. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 221–235. ISBN 983-2181-89-5. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- ↑ Meijden, R. van der (1982). Systematics and evolution of Xanthophyllum (Polygalaceae). Leiden Botanical Series 7. pp. 1–159. ISBN 90-04-06594-6. Retrieved 24 Aug 2015.
- ↑ "Xanthophyllum". The Plant List. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
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