Checkered keelback
| Checkered keelback | |
|---|---|
 | |
| NE | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | Xenochrophis |
| Species: | X. piscator |
| Binomial name | |
| Xenochrophis piscator (Schneider, 1799) | |
The checkered keelback or Asiatic water snake (Xenochrophis piscator) is a common species of nonvenomous snake found in Asia.
Description
This snake's eyes are rather small, and shorter than its distance from the nostril in the adult. Its rostral scale is visible from above. The internasal scales are much narrowed anteriorly and subtriangular, with the anterior angle truncated and as long as the prefrontal scales. The frontal scale is longer than its distance from the end of the snout, and as long as the parietals or a little shorter. The loreal is nearly as long as it is deep. There is one preocular and three (rarely four) post-oculars. Its temporals are 2+2 or 2+3. There are normally nine upper labials, with the fourth and fifth entering the eye and five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales are arranged in 19 rows, strongly keeled, with outer rows smooth. Ventrals are at 125–158, anal divided, with subcaudals at 64–90. Coloration is very variable, consisting of dark spots arranged quincuncially and often separated by a whitish network, or of black longitudinal bands on a pale ground, or of dark cross bands, with or without whitish spots. Two oblique black streaks, one below and the other behind the eye, are nearly constant, lower parts white, with or without black margins to the shields.[1]
A rare case of autotomy is reported from Vietnam.[2]
Habitat
This snake is found in or near freshwater lakes or rivers. It feeds mainly on small fish and water frogs.
Distribution
The species is found in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, West Malaysia, China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan), Taiwan, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes = Sulawesi)
type locality: "East Indies"
Subspecies
- X. p. melanzostus: Indonesia (Borneo [?], Java, Sulawesi [?]; Sumatra), India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
- X. p. piscator (Schneider, 1799): Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, People's Republic of China (including Hainan), Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Thailand
Local names
Mizo - tui rul
- Assamese – ঢোঁৰা সাপ
- Bengali - ঢোঁড়া সাপ
- Odia - ଧଣ୍ଡ ସାପ
- Gujarati – dendu saap
- Hindi – Dendu saap
- Indonesia - Bandotan tutul
- Kannada - ನೀರು ಹಾವು
- Marathi - दिवड
- Malayalam - നീർക്കോലി
- Tamil - கண்டங்கண்டை நீர்க்கோலி (Kandangkandai Neerkoli)
- Telugu - నీరు కట్టు(neeru kattu)
Gallery for identification characteristics
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Chart 1 - Nostrils directed slightly upwards
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Chart 2 - Frontal constricted in the middle, twice as long as broad
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Chart 3 - Internasals much narrowed anteriorly, nearly as long as the prefrontals
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Chart 4 - One preocular scale only
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Chart 5 - Temporals are 2+2 or 2+3
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Chart 6 - 9 supralabials, 4th and 5th touching the eye, the 6th excluded by the lowest postocular
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Chart 7 - Body rather stout
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Chart 8 - Small tail
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Chart 9 - Scales in 19 distinct rows
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Body of checkered keelback
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References
Other references
- Dutt, Kalma 1970 Chromosome Variation in Two Populations of Xenochrophis piscator Schn. from North and South India (Serpentes, Colubridae). Cytologia 35: pp. 455–464
- Schneider, J. G., 1799 Historiae Amphibiorum narturalis et literariae. Fasciculus primus, continens Ranas. Calamitas, Bufones, Salamandras et Hydros. Jena, 266 S.