Yanbaru

The Yanbaru or Kunigami region of Okinawa, including the city of Nago and the Kunigami District
Kongōseki Mountains in Kunigami

Yanbaru (山原) is the name given to the forested northern part of Okinawa Island in Japan. Spanning the northern villages of Higashi, Kunigami, and Ōgimi, Yanbaru contains some of the last large surviving tracts of subtropical rainforest in Asia, with many endemic species of flora and fauna.[1][2] Many southerners fled to the area for refuge during the Battle of Okinawa.[3] As of 2012, Japan is preparing to nominate the area for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List alongside the Amami Islands.[4][5]

Yanbaru currently contains the 7,500 ha US Jungle Warfare Training Centre at Camp Gonsalves.[2] As of 2010 there were twenty-two helipads in the training area with a further seven planned within two of the best preserved areas.[6] Issues relating to the location of helipads has meant that the area is yet to be designated a National Park.[4][7] Threatened by clearcutting and the removal of undergrowth, there have been warnings of an imminent extinction crisis.[6][8] The US Marine Corps has noted that 'to continue to perform realistic military training activities, these habitats must be maintained.'[2]

Biodiversity

Okinawa rail

According to the WWF, Yanbaru is the habitat of over four thousand species, with eleven animals and twelve plants peculiar to the area. Many of these are threatened species on the IUCN Red List and 177 feature on the Red List of the Ministry of the Environment.[7] Rare species include the flightless Okinawa rail (Yanbaru kuina in Japanese), Okinawa woodpecker (Special Natural Monument), Ryukyu robin, Amami woodcock, Ryukyu black-breasted leaf turtle, Anderson's crocodile newt, Ishikawa's frog, Holst's frog, Namiye's frog, Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat, and Muennink's spiny rat.[9] The Okinawa woodpecker and Yanbaru whiskered bat are critically endangered.[10][11]

Conservation and tourism

The Yambaru Wildlife Conservation Centre (Ufugi Nature Museum) (やんばる野生生物保護センター (ウフギー自然館)) opened in 1999 to increase understanding of the area; in 2010 it reopened after renovation.[1][12][13] The area is being promoted by Okinawa Prefecture for ecotourism.[14]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yanbaru.

References

  1. 1 2 "Ufugi Nature Museum" (PDF). Yambaru Wildlife Conservation Centre. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 "United States Marine Corps Installations Natural Resource Program: Camp Smedley D. Butler, MCB" (PDF). United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  3. ↑ Tanji Miyumi (2006). Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okinawa. Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-415-36500-0.
  4. 1 2 "Japan prepares to nominate more sites for registration on global list". The Japan Times. 1 January 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  5. ↑ "Govt to select candidate for World Natural Heritage". Yomiuri Shimbun. 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  6. 1 2 Chapron, Guillaume (et al.) (4 October 2010). "Biodiversity 100: actions for Asia". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  7. 1 2 "No Military Helipads in Yanbaru Forest" (PDF). World Wide Fund for Nature. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  8. ↑ Itō Yosiaki (et al.) (2000). "Imminent extinction crisis among the endemic species of the forests of Yanbaru, Okinawa, Japan". Oryx: the International Journal of Conservation (Cambridge University Press) 34: 305–316.
  9. ↑ "Rare species in Yanbaru". Okinawa Prefecture. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  10. ↑ "Dendrocopos noguchii". IUCN. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  11. ↑ "Myotis yanbarensis". IUCN. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  12. ↑ "Wildlife Conservation Centres in Japan" (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  13. ↑ Cook, Chris (28 March 2008). "Finding the real Okinawa in Yanbaru". The Japan Times. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  14. ↑ Ishimori Shuzo. "Ecotourism in Okinawa: Yanbaru". Okinawa Prefecture. Retrieved 19 February 2012.

External links

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