Yang di-Pertuan Besar

In Malay, Yang di-Pertuan Besar, literally "He Who Is Made Great" or "Great Ruler", is a royal title.

In Malaysia

1. Also known as Yamtuan Besar, it is the title of the elected monarch of the state of Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia. The monarch is himself one of the nine Malay rulers and electors of the federal Yang di-Pertuan Agong (High King).
2. It is the secondary title of the Sultan of Kedah, the Sultan of Kelantan, the Sultan of Perak and the Sultan of Terengganu
3. Other historical figures, especially the monarchs of the ancient Johor Empire (circa. 17th-19th century), to differentiate from the "Yang di-Pertuan Muda" ("Under King") - who is usually not Malay but Bugis. However, this was a secondary title, the primary title being sultan.
4. A peculiar occurrence in Terengganu history, after Sultan Zainal Abidin I died, his youngest son, Sultan Mansur Riayat Shah I enthroned as Sultan with the title Yang di-Pertuan Kecil (during his minority), while his oldest son, Ku Tanang Wangsa held the Yang di-Pertuan Besar title equivalent to Regent.

In Indonesia

• Secondary title of the Sultans of Asahan (in Sumatra), Sultan of Riau-Lingga and Sultan of Siak Sri Indrapura (in Sumatra, which broke away from Johor)
• The original title of the Tuan Besar of Kubu (in the Indonesian province of Borneo)

Sources

• RoyalArk - Monarche in Malaysia
• Monarchy in Indonesia
• Monarchy in Indonesia