Yehezkel Abramsky
Yehezkel Abramsky (Hebrew: יחזקאל אברמסקי) (1886 – September 19, 1976), also affectionately referred to as 'Reb Chatzkel Abramsky', was a prominent and influential Orthodox rabbi and scholar, born and raised in Belarus who later headed the London Beth Din for 17 years.[1]
Rabbinate and scholarship
Yehezkel Abramsky was born in Dashkovichy, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire (in present-day Belarus) was the third child and eldest son of Mordechai Zalman Abramsky, a local timber merchant, and his wife, Freydel Goldin of Grodno. His parents were deeply religious but the village lacked enough Jews to support a prayer service so Yehezkel studied at home until the yeshivas of Telz, Mir, Slabodka and particularly Brisk under Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik. At the age of 17 he became a rabbi, serving, in turn, the communities of Smolyan, Smolevich and Slutsk.[2] In 1909 he married Reizel, daughter of Rabbi Yisroel Yehonasan Yerushamski, the rabbi of Iehumen, Russia.[1]
Following the Russian Revolution, he was at the forefront of opposition to the Communist government's attempts to repress the Jewish religion and culture. As a result, the Russian government refused Abramsky permission to leave and take up the rabbinate of Petah Tikva in Palestine in both 1926 and 1928. In 1926, while serving as the rabbi of Slutsk, he joined (together with Rabbi Shlomo Yosef Zevin) the Vaad Harabbonim of the U.S.S.R.[3]
In 1928, he started a Hebrew magazine, Yagdil Torah (lit. "Make [the] Torah Great"), but the Soviet authorities closed it after the first two issues had appeared. In 1929, he was arrested and sentenced to five years hard labor in Siberia, where he is said to have composed Talmudic commentaries on translucent cigarette papers.[4] However, in 1931 he was released due to intervention by the German government under Chancellor Brüning, who exchanged him for six communists they held.[1]
London Beth Din
He arrived in London towards the end of 1931, where he was appointed rabbi of the Machzike Hadath community in London's East End.[5] In 1934, Chief Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz persuaded him to become the senior dayan of the London Beth Din, a post he held until he retired to Jerusalem in 1951. The appointment of an East European chareidi rabbi to the London Beth Din was a departure for the United Synagogue, and started a tradition which continues to the present day. The prestige of the London Beth Din as a world-ranking halachic authority was greatly enhanced through the appointment of Rabbi Abramsky as Rosh Beth Din. Although other renowned talmidei chachamim served both during and since his time—such as Dayan Aryeh Leib Grosnass (Lev Aryeh) and Dayan Avrohom Rapoport (Be'er Avrohom), it was Dayan Abramsky above all who established the policies and customs that are followed by the London Beth Din to this day.[6]
Following his retirement from the London Beth Din, he settled in Jerusalem. While living there he also served as a rosh yeshiva of Slabodka yeshiva in Bnei Brak.[7]
Rabbi Abramsky died in Jerusalem on September 19, 1976 (24 Elul 5736). His funeral was attended by over 40,000 people, making it one of the largest ever seen in the city. He was interred on Har HaMenuchot.[1]
Descendants
He had four sons including Professor Chimen Abramsky, and was the grandfather of Professor Samson Abramsky and Jenny Abramsky.[1]
Awards
- In 1956, Rabbi Abramsky was awarded the Israel Prize, for Rabbinical literature.[8]
Works
- Hazon Yehezkel ("The Vision of Yehezkel"), a 24 volume commentary on the Tosefta, written between 1925–1975, acclaimed by both rabbis and academic scholars.[1]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sasha Abramsky, The House of Twenty Thousand Books, Halban London, 2014, pp. 57-71 & passim.
- ↑ Medding, Peter Y.; Goldstein, Israel (2008). Sephardic Jewry and Mizrahi Jews : Vol # XXII: Vol # XXII. Oxford University Press. p. 302. ISBN 0199712506. Retrieved 2014-09-14.
- ↑ 'Toldois Chabad B'Russya Ha'Sovietis' S.B.Levine, New York 1989, ISBN 0-8266-5331-6
- ↑ Sasha Abramsky, The House of Twenty Thousand Books, (Halban,2014) New York Review of Books ed. 2015 p.50.
- ↑ Bernard Homa (1953), A fortress in Anglo-Jewry, Shapiro-Vallentine
- ↑ About the London Beth Din
- ↑ RavFrand List - Rabbi Frand on Parshas Ki Savo - 5756 - Torah.org
- ↑ "Israel Prize Official Site - Recipients in 1956 (in Hebrew)".
External links
Further reading
- Raphael Loewe, ‘Abramsky, Yehezkel (1886–1976)’, rev., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 1 December, 2006
- Bergman, Asher and Wallach, Shalom Meir, Haggadah of the Roshei Yeshiva vol 2. ISBN 978-1-57819-142-0
- Sasha Abramsky, The House of Twenty Thousand Books, Halban London, 2014. ISBN 978-1-905559-64-0
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