Viola pedunculata

"Yellow pansy" redirects here. For the species of butterfly, see Junonia hierta.
Viola pedunculata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Species: V. pedunculata
Binomial name
Viola pedunculata
Torr. & A. Gray

Viola pedunculata, the California golden violet, Johnny jump up, or yellow pansy, is a perennial yellow wildflower of the coast and coastal ranges in California and northwestern Baja California. [1] The common name "Johnny jump up" is usually associated with Viola tricolor however, the introduced garden annual.

The plant grows on open, grassy slopes, in chaparral habitats, and in oak woodlands, from sea level to around 3,280 feet (1,000 m). It prefers part shade, but will tolerate sun in many locations.

Description

Viola pedunculata is a perennial, growing from a spongy rhizome. The plant is often low-growing, but can reach a heights of 6 inches (15 cm).

The leaves are 1-5.5 cm long, cordate (heart-shaped) to deltate-ovate (oblong-triangular), scalloped or toothed, and glabrous or hairy.[2] They are summer deciduous.

The fragrant flowers appear in March and April, and are a rich, saturated yellow to yellow-orange, with brown-purple nectar guides on the lower petals. The flowers are hermaphrodite, and are pollinated by native and introduced insects. Dried in air, the seeds weigh about 4 milligrams (0.00014 oz) each.

Subspecies

Uses

Culinary

The leaves were used by the Diegueno and Luiseno indigenous people of California for food:. The young leaves were picked before the flowers appeared in the spring, the boiled, and used as greens. [5]

The flower buds and petals are edible. As with other yellow flowers in the genus Viola, large quantities may cause diarrhea.
An herbal tea or tisane can be brewed from the leaves.

Cultivation

The plant is cultivated as an ornamental plant by specialty plant nurseries, for planting as a drought tolerant seasonal groundcover or flowering accent plant in native plant and wildlife gardens; and as a potted plant. [6][7]

They are propagated by seed or nursery/garden divisions. [8] The plant prefers rich soil, and no irrigation water in summer, when it is dormant.[6]

When cultivated in colder climates outside its native range where not so hardy, it is most successful when propagated in a cold frame.

References

  1. ↑ GRIN: Viola pedunculata . accessed 3.23.2013
  2. ↑ Jepson: Viola pedunculata . accessed 3.23.2013
  3. ↑ CalFlora: Viola pedunculata ssp. pedunculata
  4. ↑ USDA: Viola pedunculata ssp. tenuifolia
  5. ↑ Univ. of Michigan: Dearborn — Ethnobotany treatment . accessed 3.23.2013
  6. 1 2 Las Pilitas horticultural database: Viola pedunculata — (Violet, Yellow Pansy, Johnny jump up, California Golden Violet, and Wild Pansy) . accessed 3.23.2013
  7. ↑ Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Database (NPIN)
  8. ↑ CNPLX: Viola pedunculata - Nursery and Seed Sources . accessed 3.23.2013

External links

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