Yarka

Yarka
  • יִרְכָּא‎
  • يركا‎
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • Also spelled Yirka (unofficial)

Yarka municipality

Logo
Yarka
Coordinates: 32°57′14.39″N 35°12′44.16″E / 32.9539972°N 35.2122667°E / 32.9539972; 35.2122667Coordinates: 32°57′14.39″N 35°12′44.16″E / 32.9539972°N 35.2122667°E / 32.9539972; 35.2122667
Grid position 170/261 PAL
District Northern
Government
 • Type Local council
Area
 • Total 15,564 dunams (15.564 km2 or 6.009 sq mi)
Population (2007)
 • Total 13,000

Yarka (Hebrew: יִרְכָּא, Arabic: يركا‎[1]) is a Druze village in Israel's North District, northeast of Acre.

History

Yarka is an ancient village site, where old columns and cisterns have been found. Clermont-Ganneau found a Greek inscription here dating from the Christian era.[2] In the Crusader era, Yarka was known under the name of Arket. In 1220 Joscelin III´s daughter Beatrix de Courtenay and her husband Otto von Botenlauben, Count of Henneberg, sold their land, including Arket, to the Teutonic Knights.[3]

Ottoman era

In 1517, Yarka was with the rest of Palestine incorporated into the Ottoman Empire after it was captured from the Mamluks, and by 1596, it appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as part of the Nahiya of Akka of the Liwa of Safad. It had a population of 174 Muslim households and 24 bachelors and paid taxes on an olive press.[4][5]

A map by Pierre Jacotin from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 showed the place, named as Hierka.[6]

Hilwah, (praying house), in Yarka

The French explorer Victor Guérin visited Yarka in 1875, and wrote that "cut stones of ancient appearance have been used in building the modern houses. [..] About a hundred cisterns cut in rock, a half of which are no longer used, and the other half serve for the wants of the people, reveal the existence in this place of an ancient locality of some importance."[7] In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine, Yarka is described as a well-built stone village inhabited by 400 Druze who grew olives and figs.[8]

British Mandate era

In a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Yarka had a population of 978; 937 Druze, 26 Muslims and 15 Christians.[9] The population increased in the 1931 census of Palestine to 1,196; 1,138 Druze, 46 Muslims and 11 Christians living in a total of 343 occupied houses.[10]

In 1945 Yirka had a population of 1,500, with 42,452 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[11] Of this, 5,747 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 5,909 used for cereals,[12] while 140 dunams were built-up land.[13]

Religious sites

Yarka contains the maqam ("saintly-person tomb") of Shaykh Ghana'im Abu Saraya,[14][15] a native of the town and one of the first missionary sheikhs to spread the Druze faith in the Galilee during the 11th century.[14][16][17] He was the principle Druze sheikh in the Acre coastal area.[16] Druze tradition has it that Abu Saraya is buried underneath the floor of the shrine.[15]

The town is also the site of the al-Nabi Siddiq maqam. The Druze associate al-Nabi Siddiq with Hushai ha-Arki, an adviser to the ancient Israelite king David. According to this tradition, the name Yarka derives from "ha-Arki." The Druze prayer house Khalwah ash-Sheikh Muhammad is situated just east of Yarka. It was built sometime prior to 1931 by the religious sheikh Muhammad Mu'addi as a center for Druze religious studies.[18]

Economy

One of the largest factories in the Middle East , a steel mill built and owned by the Kadmani family, is located in Yarka. My Baby, with 11,000 meters of retail space, is Israel's largest store for children's and baby's supplies. The store has an annual turnover of NIS 100 million.[19]

References

  1. ↑ Personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. 60
  2. ↑ Dauphin, 1998, p. 639, citing Clermont-Ganneau, 1881, p. 37-38.
  3. ↑ Strehlke, 1869, pp. 43- 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 248, No. 934 (34); cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 254, 263
  4. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 191
  5. ↑ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 writes that the Safad register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
  6. ↑ Karmon, 1960, p. 162.
  7. ↑ Guérin, 1880, pp. 16-17, as translated and cited by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 193
  8. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 148
  9. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36
  10. ↑ 1931 British Mandate Census p. 103.
  11. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 41
  12. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 82
  13. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 132
  14. 1 2 Swayd, p. 8.
  15. 1 2 Dana, 2003, p. 36.
  16. 1 2 Abu-Izzedin, 1993, p. 131.
  17. ↑ Dana, 2003, p. 106.
  18. ↑ Dana, 2003, p. 32.
  19. ↑ Israel's only American-style baby store, in the heart of a Druze village

Bibliography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yirka.

External links


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