YMCA Youth and Government

Annual YMCA Youth and Government sessions often occur in State Capitol buildings, House or Senate Chambers or Supreme Court Chambers

YMCA Youth and Government (Y&G), also known as YMCA Youth In Government or YMCA Model Legislature and Court (MLC), is a YMCA program in the United States that allows high school students to serve in model governments at the local, state, national, and international levels.[1][2]

The YMCA Youth and Government program currently operates in 38 states and Washington, DC.

Each state may participate in the national programs, which include: the YMCA Youth Conference On National Affairs (CONA), YMCA National Judicial Competition, YMCA Youth Governors Conference, and YMCA Youth Advocate Program.

History

The YMCA Youth and Government program was established in 1936 in New York by Clement “Pete” Duran, then the Boys Work Secretary for the Albany YMCA. The program motto, “Democracy must be learned by each generation,” was taken from a quote by Dr. Earle T. Hawkins, the founder of the Maryland Youth and Government program.[2][3][4][5]

In 2000, the American Bar Association became a supporter of the organization, creating a policy requesting lawyers to become involved in the program by stressing the importance of engaging and educating students about the United States legal process. About this issue, Sandra Day O'Connor and Roy Romer said in 2006:[2]

Most young people today simply do not have an adequate understanding of how our government and political system work, and they are thus not well prepared to participate as citizens.[2]

As of 2012, the program operates in 37 states and the District of Columbia, serving 47,000 high school students around the country.[6][nb 1]

Overview

The organization's mission is to "help create the next generation of thoughtful, committed and active citizens" by teaching them the "principles of a democratic society."[5] They also intend to create leaders through their roles in the models of local, state and national government. The premise is that "leaders are developed by doing."[7]

The model government programs include the judicial, legislative and executive branches of government, guided by teachers, volunteers or Youth Government staff.[3] Volunteers may include attorneys from the American Bar Association,[8] legislators, business people and other organizations, such as the Alabama Civil Justice Foundation.[9]

The Washington D.C. model follows the order of committee to city council then being signed by the elected Youth Mayor of the regional program to be passed on to the Mayor of D.C..

Branches of government

Montana Youth Legislature meeting in the Montana House of Representatives chambers
Legislative

The participants of the Model Legislative Assemblies are elected into or assume the roles of senators, governors, representatives, lawyers, lobbyists and the press. Bills are drafted, discussed in committee, and debated. Much of this work is conducted locally prior the model legislature, which often occurs at the state capitol in House and Senate chambers. At the state level, bills are brought before the House and Senate floors to be debated. A vote is taken to determine if it passes or not. Bills that pass the legislative process are presented to current governmental officials; In some cases bills that pass the Youth Government legislative process have been enacted into state law.[3][10][nb 2]

The programs are generally for high school students, but some states also have collegiate models. Middle school students may be pages.

Judicial

Students specific to their role—such as attorney, witness, or judge—and try a case or present a case to an appellate court.[7] Students who are Freshman or Sophomores normally prepare a case for the Court of Appeals. Students who are Juniors and Seniors normally prepare a case for the Supreme Court. All students also get to prepare a case for the Trial Court. Students normally get a chance to argue each side of their case throughout the weekend. Throughout the weekend each student also receives a chance to judge an Appeals Court or a Supreme Court case, there are normally five to seven judges during each of these trials. Students are able to judge as many cases as they would like throughout the weekend.

Executive

Executive branch positions may vary by state but are primarily mirrors of that state's elected offices. For example, in Maine, the positions include governor, and governor's cabinet, including: the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the Commissioner of Economic Development, the Commissioner of Education, the Commissioner of Human Services, and the Commissioner of Natural Resources.[12]

Other programs

Model United Nations Assembly

Many states have a Model United Nations Assembly. For instance, the state of California's MUN program brings together over 1,000 middle school students from the state to represent countries from around the world and debate issues of international importance. Their program consists of: the United Nations General Assembly the International Court of Justice, ECOSOC or the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the United Nations Security Council, the Office of the Secretary-General, International Press Corps, and United Nations Secretariat. Each Organ elects its leadership for the year, and the conference as whole elects its Secretary General for the following year.

National conferences

Each state may participate in the national programs. Delegates are elected to attend the Conference on National Affairs. The elected governors from each state attend the Youth Governor's Conference.

The National YMCA holds Youth Conference On National Affairs (CONA) and, held in Washington D.C., a Youth Governors Conference.[3][13][nb 3]

State programs

This section is a summary of state program participation. The legislative, judiciary and executive programs are generally available to high school students only. If a state has a model program for middle school students it is either the Model Legislative Assembly or Model United Nations.

Some states have Model United Nations programs for high school students and/or programs for college students.

Alabama

The Alabama YMCA Youth in Government program, in operation since 1949, has simulated the three branches of government.[14][15]

The programs include a Youth Model Assembly of the state legislature, conducted strictly to the state's processes in the State Capitol building, and beginning in 1996 a Collegiate Model Assembly. Each year, 500-600 youth participate in the program.[15][16][17] Since 1998, an Alabama Youth Summit is conducted at the University of Alabama with participants from Youth in Government, Alabama Boys State and Alabama Girls State to propose, draft, debate, draft and present proposed legislation the governor's office."[16][18] A judicial mock trial competition is held annually in November.[19]

The only state to do so, the Alabama Youth Legislature holds an electoral college in which delegates elect candidates for major offices.[16][20]

Since its inception, the program has served tens of thousands of youth,[16] some of whom received support and mentoring from legislators, business people and the Alabama Civil Justice Foundation.[9]

Arizona

The Arizona state Youth and Government program conducts model legislative procedures at the State Capitol building.[21] The sessions are conducted in the fall for high school students.[22][nb 4]

California

The California YMCA Youth & Government (Y&G) organization has sponsored statewide educational programs for more than 70,000 junior high and high school students since 1948. Its mission is to "build values-based leadership and civic engagement in California’s youth to strengthen our democracy."[4]

Their high school student programs include the Model Legislature and Court (with over 3500 participants), National Judicial Competition, Conference of National Affairs, and the Spring Conference. Middle school students (grades 6-8) may participate in the state's Model United Nations program. The Model Legislature & Court Intern Program is for college students. Individuals more than 21 years of age may participate in the program as a volunteer staff member or adviser. The organization also has an alumni association.[24][25][26][nb 2]

California YMCA Youth & Government operates as an independently chartered YMCA.[4] In 2012 Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr. signed bill AB 233 into law which allows for voluntary contributions on the personal income tax for the California YMCA Youth and Government Fund.[26][27][28]

Colorado

The Colorado YMCA Youth in Government had its first session in 1948.[29] Each year, there is a General Assembly for high school students in the Colorado State Capitol in Denver that takes place over three days in November. Participants generally attend general training sessions prior to the General Assembly for their roles as legislators, lawyers, journalists or candidates. The program consists of a model bicameral legislature, a Supreme Court, and the press.[29][30][31][32] Its programs cover each of the three branches of government.[33] Individuals over the age of 21 may participate as advisors.[34]

Connecticut

The Connecticut YMCA Youth and Government Program has been in operation since 1944. It introduces high school students to the operation of the Connecticut General Assembly via participation in a mock legislative session. The annual state conference is held at the State Capitol,[35][36] which follows months of preparation developing and crafting bills.[37][nb 5] Another program is the Youth in Law program for exploration of the judicial branch of government.[38][nb 6]

Delaware

The Delaware YMCA Youth In Government Program was founded in 1969.[39]

Their programs include the 3 day Model Legislative Conference,[nb 7] participation in the Model Judicial Competition. Leading up to the Model Legislative Conference in April are Weekly Delegation Meetings, beginning in the month of January. There is also a one-day Pre-Legislative training and Elections Conference held in late February or early March at Legislative Hall in Dover, DE.[39][40][41]

The bills passed by during the Legislative Conference are presented to state legislators for consideration. Some of the youth government bills have been passed into law in Delaware.[42]

Florida

The Florida YMCA Youth In Government program, founded in 1957, includes a Senior Youth In Government program (YIG) for high school students and a Junior Youth In Government program (JYIG) for middle school students. Their program examines the legislative, judicial and executive branches of government, including simulation of media and lobbyist interactions. The Junior program is a mock legislature.[43][44]

Georgia

The Georgia Youth In Government Program, which started in 1946, consists of a Youth Assembly (YA) and Senior Georgia United National Assembly (GUNA) for high school students and Junior Youth Assembly (JYA) and Junior GUNA for middle school students. Their program examines the legislative, judicial and executive branches of government, including simulation of media and lobbyist interactions. The Junior program is a mock legislature.[45][46][47]

Hawaii

The Hawaii Youth In Government program conducts a Model Assembly, called the YMCA Hawaii State Youth Legislature for middle and high school students. Training and legislative bill creation occurs prior to a week-long session at the State Capitol.[48][49][50]

Idaho

The Idaho YMCA Youth Government program conducts a Model Assembly Program and Judicial Branch Program, which is open to high school students. Students may participate through local program or regional convention, where bill creation, judicial research and competition and campaigning for the state session at the State Capitol. Students who attend the regional convention may be elected to attend the state convention for the legislative session or state Supreme Court sessions.[51][52]

Illinois

Illinois YMCA's Youth and Government program, founded by YMCA executive director Douglas Monahan in 1949, simulates legislation and judicial processes for high school students (freshman to seniors). Preliminary sessions occur in the fall where participants write bills or learn about and engage in judicial processes. In the spring, a 3-day conference is held at the State Capitol in Senate and House Chambers for the legislative assembly and a courtroom in the state Supreme Court building for the judicial branch.[53][54][55][56][57]

Bills passed through the youth government legislative process are submitted to for review by the House and Senate.[57]

Indiana

The Indiana YMCA Youth and Government Program is a statewide hands-on program for high school students. It consists of a General Assembly, Executive branch, Supreme Court, and Press Corps. Eighth graders can participate as pages. The program begins in the fall, when participants meet to write and debate bills, prepare for judicial processed, campaign for governmental office, and prepare for the sessions at the state capitol.[58][59][60]

Indiana also sends delegations who participated in the model government to the Conference on National Affairs and the National Judicial Competition each summer.[61][62]

Kansas

Kansas YMCA Youth in Government conducts a Youth Legislature program for high school students. Participants attend sessions locally to create bills before attending a state conference in Topeka where they are argued in the Kansas State Capitol chambers.[63][64]

Kentucky

Kentucky's Youth In Government is the largest model government program for youth in the country, with more than 6,000 participants attending annual conferences.[65] Its activities include:

Louisiana

The YMCA Louisiana Youth & Government program supports more than 60 high school clubs and two conferences annually: Model United Nations and Youth Legislature. The conference provides student participants with the experience of being a part of a functioning state government, from bill passage to policy advising. Participants are assigned to one of the following programs: Lt. Governor’s Cabinet, Senate, House of Representatives, Supreme Court or Press. Positions of aides, couriers, and liaisons are also available for student participation in this two-day program. The conference is in its 54th year and was one of the original states to send a delegation to the Conference on National Affairs.[70]

Maine

The Maine Youth In Government program conducts a Model Assembly program in two phases: a regional training session and the Augusta State House Session, where they have use of the actual chambers of the House and Senate, and Capital facilities.[71] At the regional training session: bills are submitted, officers are elected and delegates determine which session they will attend. During the visit to the capital, participants debate the locally created bills.[71]

The Youth Governor attends the National Youth Governor’s Conference.[72]

Maryland

In 1945 the Maryland YMCA Youth & Government high school program had its first session. It conducts a Model Assembly program. After a statewide training sessions where they learn about the parliamentary process, students form delegations, research and debate issues, write bills and campaign among their peers. The culminating statewide event is a three-day mock assembly in Annapolis, where Delegates meet for a three-day legislative session in the State Capitol. Delegates use the Maryland State House and committee rooms to debate their bills.[73]

Massachusetts

The Massachusetts Youth and Government program consists of a legislative assembly program with legislative, judicial, lobbyists and the media functions. Sessions are conducted in advance of the annual statewide event to create bills and perform the tasks needed to prepare for the conference in March. The annual state conference is held at the Massachusetts State House in Boston, Massachusetts. For those three days, students are able to take part in debate as well as develop essential leadership skills. A delegate in the legislative branch drafts and presents a bill each year in hopes of passing it through the house or senate chambers, and into law. At the annual spring conference, the executive branch positions for governor and lieutenant governor are announced and applicants for the Conference on National Affairs are chosen.[74]

Michigan

The Michigan YMCA Youth in Government had its first session in 1954. On average, 1,600 students attend the conference. Each year, there are two high school conferences, and one middle school conference. These conferences are held at the Michigan State Capitol in Lansing and take place over five days in March. It consists of a model bicameral legislature, model judiciary program,national issues forum,lobbyist program and a press. Officer positions include Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Speaker of the House, and Editor-in-Chief. Recently MIchigan Youth In Government added a new summer program that focuses on youth involvement in their individual community.

Minnesota

The Minnesota Youth In Government program consists of both a Model Assembly, representing the state legislative system, and a Model United Nations. Training sessions for delegates as well as elected and appointed officials are held throughout the year. The Model Assembly is run each January at the Minnesota State Capitol building in Saint Paul with nearly 1500 students in attendance.[75]

It consists of the legislative, judicial and executive branches. The legislative branch includes the drafting, debating and voting on bills and has the largest percentage of participants. The program has three judicial systems – a Trial Court, an Appeals Court, and a mock Supreme Court. The executive branch includes the Youth Governor, who vetoes and signs legislation from the upper legislatures, and Lt. Governor manages legislation from the lower legislatures.

Mississippi

The Mississippi Youth & Government program annually serves middle and high school students with leadership development opportunities.[76] Approximately 1000 students participate in its programs, which include:[77]

One of the alumni of the program is Greg Davis, Southaven mayor.[76]

Missouri

The Missouri Youth in Government (MOYIG) program brings over 700 Missouri youth to Jefferson City, Missouri, each year. There are two conventions: one in late November and the other in early December. MOYIG consists of legislative, judicial, media, and executive branches, and students are able to hold offices required to support the simulated government, such as legislators, governor, judges, journalists and more.

Missouri's Youth in Government holds a program called the Executive Branch Leadership Institute (EBLI) every spring, in which 30-40 students travel to Jefferson City to shadow a state department for two days. At the department they are presented with an issue or problem in Missouri and, on the last day of the program, present their opinions and creative solutions to a panel of judges. Scholarship awards are given at EBLI for the best teams and the best individual presenters.

Montana

Montana's program was organized in 1970, with the first Youth Legislature held in the spring of 1971. The following year it held a youth "Con-Con", corresponding with the state's 1972 Montana Constitutional Convention. The program serves over 300 young people.[78] Current Montana Governor Steve Bullock was Youth Governor of this program as a high school student.[79]

New Hampshire

The New Hampshire program is the YMCA Youth and Government.

New Jersey

New Jersey Youth and Government (NJ YAG) is a student debate and educational program modeled after New Jersey’s legislative process. The program has 500 members from 26 schools. Every spring, Youth and Government holds its 3-day conference in the New Jersey Statehouse. Delegates write their own bills, which proceed from committees to a bicameral legislature through sessions of debate. Bills successful enough to pass through both houses have the chance to reach the Governor’s desk and Cabinet. An election is held each year for the following year's Youth Governor of the program, who will be the figurehead of the conference and leader of the officer corps.[80][81]

Each year, a conference wide service project is conducted. In the past this has been limited to a collection of items at conference, but in 2013, student leaders brought the vision of expanding the delegate experience outside of conference to life. On April 5 and 6, 2013, ninety-four NJ Youth and Government delegates volunteered in seven different charities across the state. The charities included the Community Food Bank of New Jersey, Elijah’s Promise, Trinity Church, Franklin Township Food Bank, Rise Community Center, Jon Bon Jovi Soul Kitchen, and Fisherman’s Mark.[82] Volunteer activities ranged from pantry organization to cooking food to garden cleaning. Though not every school out of the 26 that came to conference were able to participate in the Day of Service, the program was able to further empower their delegates in Palmyra to plan their own Day of Service, which on April 20 at the Epworth United Methodist Church in Palmyra, showing that there is always the opportunity to give back.

New Mexico

The New Mexico program is YMCA Youth In Government.

New York

First state to organize a Youth and Government program, New York holds its Youth and Government program in the capitol building each year. The New York State Youth and Government program includes an executive branch with a governor, lieutenant governor, and a cabinet. The legislative branch, now with two concurrent assemblies, includes a Senate and an Assembly. Meetings occur in the Assembly Chamber in the capital building and a room in the Legislative Office Building. The judicial branch consists of a chief justice, public defender, attorney general, associate justices, and attorneys. Lobbyists and the media also make up the team. Training is held in the YMCA's Teddy Roosevelt House.[83][84] There are twelve Presiding Officer positions including; Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Chief Justice, President Pro Tempore, Speaker of the Assembly(x2), Deputy Speaker of the Assembly(x2), Head Lobbyist, Attorney General, Public Defender, and Editor In Chief. The Lieutenant Governor serves as the head of the Senate Chambers with the President Pro Tempore as their deputy.

North Carolina

North Carolina has hosted an annual four-day Youth Legislator Assembly in downtown Raleigh since 1993. The conference includes Legislative, Judicial, Lobbyist, and Press programs. About 1500 students attended the 2010 conference, which is held in February.[85]

Ohio

Ohio’s YMCA Youth in Government program began in 1952 and reflects the idea that “democracy must be learned by each generation” The Ohio YMCA Youth In Government program provides high school and middle school students with a unique opportunity to become acting state legislators, governors, lobbyists, lawyers, and committee chairs. The students simulate all phases and positions of the actual state government. These students are challenged with many of the issues our real legislators must face in their elected offices.

The Ohio YMCA Youth in Government program was led by Ohio-West Virginia Area YMCA from 1952 until 1970 when the Ohio-West Virginia Area Council ceased to operate program in the 1970s as the Ohio-West Virginia Area YMCA and the State YMCA of Michigan became the Great Lakes Region YMCA. In 1972 the Great Lakes Region YMCA appointed an Executive of what was called the West Virginia-Ohio YMCA, operated by the Great Lakes Region to run the YMCA Youth in Government and HI-Y programs throughout the states of West Virginia and Ohio. The Great Lakes Region continued to support these programs into the 1980s. In 1984 a new Ohio-West Virginia YMCA is chartered by the National YMCA. At the end of 2012 the Ohio-West Virginia YMCA made the decision to no longer be a YMCA and chose to return their charter to Y-USA, at this time the Ohio Alliance of YMCA's began operating the Ohio YMCA Youth in Government programs.[86]

In 2016 Ohio adopted the YMCA Youth and Government name, to follow the YMCA of the USA adopted name.

Oklahoma

As of 2015, the Oklahoma Youth and Government program consists of a video and print News Media, a Judicial Section containing both a mock trial and appellate court, and a three-house Legislature. Each year, the Oklahoma program has two district delegate training sessions (typically in September/October) and two District Conferences (typically in November). The State Conference is a three-day event that begins on Thursday night with a dinner, a keynote speaker, and a question and answer session with the two Governor Candidates. On Friday, the Conference continues with a full day at the Oklahoma State Capitol followed by an evening of fellowship activities, and ending on Saturday with a half day at the Capitol consisting of elections, bill signings, a Judicial showcase and closing banquet. The Saturday night banquet includes an awards ceremony, Youth Governor and other elected official's elections, as well as the announcement of delegates who have been chosen to go to the Conference on National Affairs. Approximately one month after the state conference, the middle school legislature convenes for Model Legislative Day at the State Capitol. The conference is led by the high-school officers and follows traditional legislative procedures.[87]

Oregon

Oregon YMCA Youth and Government model legislature at the State Capitol building. The program provides students with the opportunity to simulate and learn government processes and problem solve for issues affecting the state.[88]

Pennsylvania

The Pennsylvania Youth and Government program was founded in 1946 by Lieutenant Governor Daniel B. Strickler.[89][nb 8] It simulates the legislative and judicial branches of government.[90] The Commonwealth is divided into Eastern and Western sections, which both hold individual Elections Conventions and Pre-Legislative Sessions before combining into a single group for a Model Weekend in late April in the Commonwealth's Capital Building in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.[90]

The largest branch is the Legislature, with both a House of Representatives and a Senate. During the process of creating and finalizing bills students learn about Parliamentary Procedure, which is modeled after Robert's Rules. The Judicial Branch conducts appellant-level trial proceedings in the Supreme Court Chambers. The elected Governor and cabinet officials of the Administrative Branch are responsible for running the conventions, lobbying for or against bills, and holding press conferences. The Press Corps consists of a newspaper and media staff.[91]

Middle-school students have a program focused primarily on the legislative process. These delegates debate their own bills, and can also serve as Pages to the Legislators.

South Carolina

South Carolina's Youth in Government program began in 1988 and has grown to include over 1,200 high school participants.[92]

As of 2012, South Carolina sends attorney teams to the summer National Judicial Program in Chicago.

Tennessee

Tennessee's Youth in Government program is the second largest in the nation, with approximately 3500 participating in Youth In Government and Model United Nations conferences. The program is conducted by the YMCA Center for Civic Engagement in Nashville. Youth in Government is an annual conference held for high school and middle school students on the State Capitol to simulate legislative and judicial processes. Students serve as either Senators or Representatives, justices or lawyers in the Supreme Court, and the Governor and his cabinet, which includes the Commissioners of all the State Executive Branches. Students can also serve as members of the conference press corps or lobbyists for a firm. Each fall, a Model United Nations conference is sponsored, where students participate as either a member country of the General Assembly, a member country of the Security Council, a member of the Secretariat, a lawyer in the International Court of Justice, or a member of the conference press corps. Both programs are for high school students (9-12) and also offer abbreviated versions to middle school students across the state. The CCE has an expansive alumni program, with graduates of the program serving as conference staff, delegation leaders, or component advisers.[93]

Texas

The Texas program is YMCA Youth and Government.

Virginia

The Virginia YMCA Youth and Government program provides students the opportunity to meet with elected governmental officials, like Congressman Eric Cantor who spoke to the group in 2011.[94][95]

Washington

Washington State's Youth and Government program has served the state's politically active youth since 1947. Washington's program currently serves over 1,500 student participants annually. Washington Youth and Government, also known as WAYAG, sponsors the Youth Legislature and mock trial, programs.

In Mock Trial, the district winning judicial teams compete for the State Championship in Olympia in March. The State Champion team advances to and competes in the annual National competition.

The Youth Legislature is divided into five districts and convenes as a state in Olympia for four days in May. Each district hosts events to elect and nominate student leaders to serve and/or campaign at the state level. State session opens annually on the first Wednesday in May on the Capitol Campus in Olympia. The first day of session commences with committee meetings, and concludes with an opening joint session of the legislature during which the Governor and other prominent figures address advisors, participants, and spectators. The next three days are filled with debate in the House and Senate chambers, as well as campaigning for Major Office positions, voting for said positions, and other proceedings of the program departments. Washington State's session concludes with a closing joint session during which the Governor address the program, and the new Major Officers are announced. The Governor also hosts a ball in the state's rotunda on Friday night.

Washington State Youth and Government hosts House and Senate chambers for 10th-12th graders, a debate chamber for 9th graders, three debate chambers for 8th graders, a page corps, a press corps, a lobbyist corps, and the offices of the Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State, and Director of Elections. All sectors take place in the actual State Capitol facilities. Washington State's Major Office positions include Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Speaker of the House, and 8 other important student-held positions.

Washington Youth and Government has sent representatives to the Conference On National Affairs every year since 2009, and has been home to one Presiding Officer.[96]

Washington, D.C.

The Washington, D.C. has a YMCA Youth & Government program.[97]

Wisconsin

The first Wisconsin YMCA Model Government was held in the Capitol building in Madison in the spring of 1952 with about 200 delegates in attendance. Until 1962, Wisconsin's Youth In Government program was held every other year. Beginning in 1962, it became an annual event. In 1989 the first Wisconsin Youth Supreme Court was held. Today the program has almost 300 students, advisors, and volunteers.[98]

Ohio-West Virginia Youth Leadership Association

The Ohio-West Virginia YMCA split from the national YMCA in 2013. The Youth Leadership Association operates a Youth In Government program in both Ohio and West Virginia. Additionally, they provide annual leadership and entrepreneurship camps, a fall conference for state members, and a Model United Nations program for middle school and high school students.

The YLA hold their Youth in Government programs at their respective state capitals. They hold annual elections to choose student officers such as Youth Governor, Speaker of the House, President of the Senate, and more. Student officers are also elected at Model United Nations to fill the roles of Secretary-General, President of the General Assembly, and Council Presidents.

See also

General or global terms
United States
  • Conference On National Affairs
Other countries

Notes

  1. ↑ The 12 states without a youth government program include: Alaska, Arkansas, Iowa, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia and Wyoming.
  2. 1 2 As an example of the program at work in California, in 2006 students first attended a training camp. Then, in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, students participating in the Youth & Government program spent 6 months drafting, debating and crafting a bill to add emergency preparedness training to school's health curricula to the State Education Code. The exercise included students taking the role of assembly members, senators, and lobbyists. The program: "Not only does the youth and government program teach students about the workings of government, it gives them an opportunity to interact with various political leaders and gives them an chance to meet students from other parts of the state.[11]
  3. ↑ The Youth Governor’s Conference, established in 1949, serves as a weeklong national servant leadership training session for all students elected to serve as Governor (or in some cases Chief Justice or Secretary General) of their state programs.[3][13]
  4. ↑ The YMCA of Southern Arizona conducts a Youth and Government local program and participates at the state level. Its goal in working with the youth of Tucson is to "promote the development of civic responsibilities, attitudes, skills and behaviors."[23]
  5. ↑ The Connecticut program includes writing, debating and presenting a bill at the state conference. Lobbyists write position papers and journals write newspaper articles. Leadership positions include chairing a committee, presiding over House or Senate debate, advising the Youth Governor. Delegates can create political parties or run for a position, such as Attorney General or Governor.[38]
  6. ↑ The Connecticut Youth has participants study a court case and prepare legal arguments for presentation in an appellate court setting.[38]
  7. ↑ After preparation, debating and writing bills, participants attend a 3-day model legislature session at Dover's Legislative Hall. Positions include Presiding Officers, Representatives, Senators, governor, lobbyists, press or page corps.
  8. ↑ Pennsylvania's David B. Strickler Service to Youth award was named to honor the late Lieutenant Governor, Lancaster YMCA president, and founder of the states Youth and Government program.[89]

References

  1. ↑ Donna Ogle, Ronald M. Klemp, Bill, McBride (2007). Building literacy in social studies : strategies for improving comprehension and critical thinking. ASCD. pp. 76–77. ISBN 1416605584.
  2. 1 2 3 4 American Bar Association and YMCA: Partners in Civic Engagement. American Bar Association. p.1. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Donna Ogle, Ronald M. Klemp, Bill, McBride (2007). Building literacy in social studies : strategies for improving comprehension and critical thinking. ASCD. p. 77. ISBN 1416605584.
  4. 1 2 3 History. California YMCA Youth & Government. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  5. 1 2 American Bar Association and YMCA: Partners in Civic Engagement. American Bar Association. p. 4. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  6. ↑ American Bar Association and YMCA: Partners in Civic Engagement. American Bar Association. p. 2. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  7. 1 2 American Bar Association and YMCA: Partners in Civic Engagement. American Bar Association. p. 5. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  8. ↑ American Bar Association and YMCA: Partners in Civic Engagement. American Bar Association. pp. 4-6. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  9. 1 2 "Area students take part in Youth in Government". The Gadsden Times. March 5, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  10. ↑ American Bar Association and YMCA: Partners in Civic Engagement. American Bar Association. pp. 5-6. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  11. ↑ Bridget Schinnerer. "Teen 'legislators' study disasters." Pasadena Star-News. Los Angeles Newspaper Group. 2006. HighBeam Research. April 16, 2013.
  12. ↑ Executive Branch. Maine Youth in Government. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  13. 1 2 Honoring the 46th Annual YMCA Youth Governor's Congress. Congressional Record, Volume 153, Part 11, June 6, 2007 to June 15, 2007. Government Printing Office. p. 230.
  14. ↑ "Youth coup in Alabama. (Stateline).(Brief Article)." State Legislatures. National Conference of State Legislatures. 2002. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  15. 1 2 "About Us" Alabama Youth in Government. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  16. 1 2 3 4 About the Alabama YMCA Youth Legislature. Alabama State Government. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  17. ↑ Alabama Collegiate Legislature. Alabama State Government. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  18. ↑ State's Next Generation of Leaders on Campus to attend University of Alabama Youth Summit." US Fed News Service, Including US State News. The Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd. 2006. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  19. ↑ Youth In Government. UMS-Wright Preparatory School. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  20. ↑ "History" Alabama Youth in Government. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  21. ↑ Arizona YMCA Youth & Government. Homeschooling-life. August 18, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  22. ↑ Valley YMCA Youth & Government. Valley YMCA. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  23. ↑ Youth & Government. YMCA of Souther Arizona. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  24. ↑ Programs. California YMCA Youth & Government. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  25. ↑ "Taft Junior Chosen for Political Forum.(News)." Daily News (Los Angeles, CA). McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. 2001. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  26. 1 2 Assemblymember Isadore Hall Addresses 2012 YMCA Youth & Government Model Legislature & Court. California State Assembly Democratic Caucus. February 17, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  27. ↑ "California: Governor Brown Issues Legislative Update SEPT. 7, 2012." States News Service. States News Service. 2012. HighBeam Research. Retrieved Apr 16 2013.
  28. ↑ Reynolds, Bob. "Tax season toolkit: everything you need to navigate through the busy season." California CPA. California Society of Certified Public Accountants. 2012. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  29. 1 2 Denver YMCA Youth in Government 64th Annual General Assembly Session. (Press release). PRLOG. Oct. 26, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  30. ↑ Youth in Government. YMCA. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  31. ↑ YMCA Youth in Government. Up & Up Creative. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  32. ↑ Colorado YMCA Youth in Government 2009 Youth Governor’s Reception. ColoradoPols.com. November 15, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  33. ↑ Program Areas. Colorado Youth in Government. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  34. ↑ Advisors. Colorado Youth in Government. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  35. ↑ About. Connecticut YMCA Youth and Government. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  36. ↑ "Saturday: Governor Mally Addresses Youth and Government Conference; Attends Connecticut Science Fair. (Conference news)." States News Service. States News Service. 2011. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 17, 2013
  37. ↑ Joe Amarante. "Time to turn government over to teenagers." New Haven Register (New Haven, CT). McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. 2008. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  38. 1 2 3 "Manual".
  39. 1 2 "Carper, YMCA host Youth Governor Luncheon." Cape Gazette. June 26, 2006. p. 83. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  40. ↑ What is YIG. Delaware YMCA Youth in Government. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  41. ↑ "Local youth come up with answers to society's problems." Cape Gazette. May 14-May 20, 2004. pp. 62, 65. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  42. ↑ Presentation of Programs: YMCA (Rick Gould). Parks, Recreation and Community Enhancement. City of Dover. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  43. ↑ Home. Florida YMCA Youth In Government. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  44. ↑ "Students Get Inside Look at Government." St. Augustine. April 13, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  45. ↑ "Georgia Youth Present Ideas For Reform At Conference On National Affairs." Atlanta Inquirer. The Atlanta Inquirer. 2002. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  46. ↑ Programs. State YMCA of Georgia. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  47. ↑ Youth Assembly. State YMCA of Georgia. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  48. ↑ Youth In Government. Hawaii YMCA. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  49. ↑ Youth in Government Program. Hawaii News Now. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  50. ↑ "Student legislators tackle teen issues in youth program." Honolulu Star - Advertiser. staradvertiser.com. 2012. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  51. ↑ Youth Government. YMCA of the Treasure Valley. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  52. ↑ Evensen, Kendra. "Taking on high court." Idaho State Journal. Pioneer Newspapers. 2011. HighBeam Research. April 17, 2013.
  53. ↑ Overview. Illinois YMCA Youth and Government. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  54. ↑ Program History. Illinois YMCA Youth and Government. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  55. ↑ Jane Donahue. "Waubonsie students run campaign through YMCA Youth in Government." The Beacon News - Aurora (IL). Sun-Times News Group. 2010. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  56. ↑ "Douglas Monahan, Author, YMCA Chief." Chicago Sun-Times. Sun-Times News Group. 1994. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  57. 1 2 Mohra Gavankar. "Students get a voice in government." The Herald News - Joliet (IL). Sun-Times News Group. 2004. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 17, 2013. ALL HAIL GOVERNOR WEI
  58. ↑ Indiana YMCA Youth and Government overview. Indiana YMCA Youth and Government. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  59. ↑ Post-Tribune staff report. "Hobart YMCA sends 12 students to government." Post-Tribune (IN). Sun-Times News Group. 2003. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  60. ↑ "Students Get Chance to 'Run' Their State." Post-Tribune (IN). Sun-Times News Group. 1997. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  61. ↑ Conference on National Affairs Indiana YMCA Youth and Government. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  62. ↑ Delegats Manual. Indiana YMCA Youth and Government. pp. 5, 8. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  63. ↑ Youth in Government. YMCA Kansas City. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  64. ↑ Youth in Government. Shawnee Mission Northwest. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  65. ↑ "Mayor Abramson, Councilman Tandy to Address Kentucky Youth Assembly." US Fed News Service, Including US State News. The Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd. 2006. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  66. ↑ Kentucky United Nations Assembly. Kentucky YMCA. Retrieved April 19. 2013.
  67. ↑ YMCA Youth Association. K12 Academics. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  68. ↑ Kentucky YMCA Youth Association Programs. Kentucky YMCA Youth Association. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  69. ↑ "3 local students chosen as 'Scholars'." Messenger-Inquirer (Owensboro, KY). McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. 2007. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  70. ↑ "Louisiana Youth & Government". Louisiana Youth & Government.
  71. 1 2 Youth in Government Overview. Maine Youth in Government. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  72. ↑ Youth Governor. Maine Youth in Government. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  73. ↑ Maryland Youth And Government
  74. ↑ Massachusetts Youth & Government
  75. ↑ "Youth in Government - YMCA Twin Cities".
  76. 1 2 3 4 Darlene Cunningham. "Students shine at conference -- 8 attend YMCA Youth and Government event." The Commercial Appeal (Memphis, TN). McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. 2007. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  77. ↑ Mississippi Youth & Government
  78. ↑ "The YMCA of Helena, Montana - History".
  79. ↑ "Montana Youth Governors & Officers". Archived from the original on 11 February 2005.
  80. ↑ "New Jersey Youth & Government". New Jersey Youth & Government.
  81. ↑ "Hunterdon County students attend the 75th Annual New Jersey Youth & Government program". NJ.com.
  82. ↑ http://www.mycentraljersey.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2013304070017&gcheck=1
  83. ↑ NY Youth & Government New York State YMCA Youth and Government Program.
  84. ↑ "Youth and government meeting is scheduled.(Capital Region)." Albany Times Union (Albany, NY). Hearst Communications Inc. 2005. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  85. ↑ "NC Youth & Government - Preparing teens for moral and political leadership".
  86. ↑ "Ohio YMCA Youth in Government - Statehouse Family Feud".
  87. ↑ Oklahoma YMCA Youth in Government
  88. ↑ "YMCA Youth and Government Model Legislature (February 16, 2011)." States News Service. 2011. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  89. 1 2 "YMCA youth and government program names highest service award for Lancaster native." Lancaster New Era (Lancaster, PA). McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. 2005. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  90. 1 2 Paglia, Ron. "Area students make the grade in youth and government event." Tribune-Review/Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Trib Total Media, Inc. 2006. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  91. ↑ Pennsylvania Youth & Government
  92. ↑ "SC YMCA Youth in Government Online".
  93. ↑ Andrew Gossett. "Center for Civic Engagement Home".
  94. ↑ "Rep. Cantor Speaks to students at Tuckahoe YMCA Career Day." US Fed News Service, Including US State News. The Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd. 2011. HighBeam Research. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  95. ↑ Virginia Youth & Government
  96. ↑ http://www.youthandgovernment.org WA Youth & Government
  97. ↑ "DC YMCA Youth & Government". DC YMCA Youth & Government.
  98. ↑ Wisconsin Youth in Government 56th Annual Model Government Session Legislative/Press Book

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