Zaklików

Zaklików
town

Zaklików

Historic castle in Zaklików
Zaklikow coat of arms, Topór
Coat of arms
Zaklików
Coordinates: 50°45′24″N 22°6′6″E / 50.75667°N 22.10167°E / 50.75667; 22.10167
Country  Poland
Population (2009)
 • Total 3,010
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)

Zaklików pronounced [zaˈklikuf] is a town in Poland, located in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in Stalowa Wola County (since 1999). It is located 113.1 mi (182 km) SSE of Warsaw and 50 mi (80 km) miles from Lublin. For about 300 years of its early history Zaklików was incorporated as a city, but it lost its city charter in punishment for the January Uprising against the imperial rule. It was reinstated as a city on 1 January 2014. Zaklików lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north of Stalowa Wola and 82 km (51 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.

It is located at an altitude of 593 feet (180 m). On the southside of Zaklików in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship the Pysznica Gmina is located. To the southwest is the town of Radomysl. The town is known for the production of sulfur; it also manufactures furniture and nuts & bolts.

History

Before the town existed, a Catholic parish was first established in Zdziechowice, a village 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) distance on September 22, 1409. The town of Zaklików was founded on April 9, 1565 by the royal assent obtained by the Castellan Stanisław Zakliko from the King Zygmunt August, on the lands previously belonging to the village of Zdziechowice. The founding charter was based on the Magdeburg Law. The city took its name along with the coat of arms from its founder.[1] In 1787 Zaklików had 130 houses and 800 inhabitants.[2] After the Third Partition of Poland in 1793 the city became part of the Austrian Partition ruled by Austria-Hungary. It became part of the Russian Empire (Congress Poland) in 1815 after the shifting of borders at the Congress of Vienna.[1]

Historic tombstone at the Jewish cemetery in Zaklików

Zaklików was controlled by the Lublin namestniks under the Russian Partition. The Jewish community was small. The Qahal had 192 members in 1790 at the time of the dismemberment of Poland.[3] However, the Tsarist anti-Polish policies resulted in the rapid influx of refugees. By 1869 the number of inhabitants reached 2,080.[2] In 1868 Joseph Lewinstein became the Rabbi of Zaklików, but he moved in 1875 to become rabbi of Serotzk in the governorate of Łomża. Zaklików remained in Russian hands until World War I. In 1914–15 the front passed through Zaklików three times. In the summer of 1915 the Russians were pushed out from Zaklików by the advance of the German and Austro-Hungarian armies. In November 1918, at the conclusion of war, Zaklikow again became part of sovereign Poland.

World War II

On September 13, 1939 the 14th army of the German Heeresgruppe Süd was advancing east and northwest in the course of Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland. Enemy forces in front of the Korps divided into two parts: Northern & Southern. The northern part was withdrawing across the San River into the woods around Zaklikow and Biłgoraj, last time spotted on the Janów – Frampol road. On September 14, 1939 the Polish Armoured Train Nr. 51 ("Marszałek I"), while covering the retreat of Polish forces near the village of Zaklików, the train managed to delay the advance of the German 4th Infantry Division units until the next day and prevented the Polish 94th Inf. Rgt. from being cut off from the Polish main forces.

Sometime in 1942, 20 partisans led by Gregori Korchinski, most of them Jews fighting against the Nazis in Poland, moved to the Zaklików area and set up a partisan base in the village of Ludmilovka. They recruited additional 15 local men. Among the Jews, there were unified groups commanded by Yaacov Freitag and Reuven Pintel.

The Holocaust

In April 1942, in order to create room for the new arrivals brought aboard the Holocaust trains, Polish Jews residing in the Lublin District were gradually deported farther east. These "evacuations" were initiated by the Nazi SS and Police Chief of Lublin in cooperation with the "Sub-Department of Population and Welfare" of the Governor of the district of Lublin, on the proposal of the local authorities. Officer Lenk, a subordinate of the District Chief of Janów-Lubelski, wrote to the SS-and-Police-Chief of Lublin asking for deportation of local Jews to a different locations in Poland. Zaklikow was mentioned with 1,500 Jews to be "evacuated".

In August 1942, the entire Jewish population of the nearby town of Janów Lubelski, which included a few hundred Jews who had been deported there from Vienna in 1941, was forcibly relocated to the town of Zaklików. They were afterward deported to the Bełżec extermination camp. There was a small forced labor camp for Jews in the nearby village of Lysaków which operated for some time. On October 8, 1942, the Jews captured by the Nazis in Austria were taken from Modliborzyce to the Zaklików railroad station and deported to one of extermination camps of Aktion Reinhard while the elderly and invalids were murdered on the spot. Of the 999 Austrian Jews, only 13 are known to have survived Modliborzyce deportation.

Based on the 1989 population survey about the social stratification in Eastern Europe, Zaklików had a population of 8,877. According to the coding of geographical units based on the Wykaz symboli terytorialnych wojewodztw, gmin i miast (Register of Territorial Codes for Voivodeships, Counties and Cities) of the Warsaw Glowny Urzad Statystyczny (Central Statistical Office) of 1992, the code for Zaklikow is 83721 and it is considered a rural county. Abbreviations for GPS are: ZKL, ZKLKW, ZAKLKW. In 2000, The Levi-Strauss Foundation donated US$2,400 to the Dom Pomocy Spolecznej in Zaklików, to renovate a 24-hour care center for mentally disabled women.

Notable people

Historical figures

References

  1. 1 2 Franciszek Kochman (1912). "History of Zaklików from its founding until January Uprising of 1863". Monografia miasteczka Zaklikowa (in Polish). Warszawa, opis miast i miasteczek w Królestwie Polskiem (reprint by Ptak.Netlook.pl). Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  2. 1 2 Mirosław Balbier (2009). "Zarys dziejów Zaklikowa". Town History (in Polish). Zaklikow.net. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  3. ↑ Andrzej Potocki. "Historia – Społeczność żydowska przed 1989". Virtual Shtetl, Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich (in Polish). Retrieved 24 July 2014.

Maps

Photographs

External links

Further reading


Coordinates: 50°46′N 22°07′E / 50.767°N 22.117°E / 50.767; 22.117

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