Zeuxis (general)

Zeuxis son of Kynagos, Macedonian (/ˈzuːksᵻs/ or /ˈzjuːksᵻs/; Ancient Greek: Zεῦξις Κυνάγου Μακεδών [zdêuksis]) was a general and official in the service of the Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great at the end of the 3rd century BC. He led the royal forces in Mesopotamia against the rebel Molon, served as the governor of cis-Tauric Asia Minor from 213 BC onwards, and was a general at the Battle of Magnesia. After that defeat went to Rome to negotiate a peace.

Career

He was engaged in 221 BC in the war with Molon, satrap of Media, whom he prevented from crossing the Tigris.^[1] Being placed under the command of Xenoetas, he was left by the latter in charge of the camp, when he made his ill-fated attempt to overpower Molon.^[2] But he retired on the approach of Molon, and this time did not oppose Molon's crossing of the Tigris. When Antiochus himself marched against Molon, Zeuxis advised him to cross the Tigris in opposition to Hermeias proposal that the army march down the near side of the river - according to Polybios, despite his fear of Hermeias's power.^[3] He was in command of the left wing in the battle that ensued. He also took a prominent part in the siege of Seleucia on the Tigris.^[4]

It is this same Zeuxis whom we find satrap of Lydia under Antiochus the Great.^[5] In the winter of 201-200 BC Philip V of Macedonia, when at war with Attalus, applied to Zeuxis for wheat provisions, which he supplied.^[6]. He is well attested by inscriptions in his capacity as vice-roy of Asia Minor.^[7]

In the decisive battle of Magnesia with the Romans in 190 BC, Zeuxis was one of the commanders of the center^[8], and after the defeat of Antiochus was one of the ambassadors sent to Scipio Asiaticus and Scipio Africanus to sue for peace, on which mission he proceeded to Rome.^[9] However, by then, the Seleucid position in Anatolia had been so undermined by the campaign of Vulso that he and his fellow ambassador, Antipatros, had little choice other than accept the border on the Taurus.^[10]

References

• Appian, The foreign wars, Horace White (translator), New York, (1899)
• Polybius; Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London - New York, (1889)
• Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Zeuxis", Boston, (1867)

Notes

1. Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Zeuxis", p1324
2. Polybius, v. 46
3. Polybius, v. 51
4. Polybius, v. 45-60
5. Polybius, xxi. 13
6. Polybius, xvi. 1, 24
7. J. and L. Robert, Fouilles d'Amyzon en Carie I (Paris, 1983); P. Gauthier, Nouvelles Inscriptions de Sardes II (Paris and Geneva, 1989)
8. Appian, "The Syrian Wars", 33
9. Polybius, xxi. 13, 14, xxii. 7; Livy, History of Rome, xxxvii. 41, 45
10. The Roman War of Antiochos the Great (Mnemosyne, Supplements) [Hardcover] John D. Grainger p345

---

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "^{article name needed}". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.