10p tax rate

The starting rate of income tax, often known as the 10p rate, was a special rate of personal income taxation in the United Kingdom that existed from 1999 to 2008.

Description

The starting rate was the lowest rate of income tax in the United Kingdom. It meant that certain incomes above the personal allowance would be taxed at a basic rate of 10%,^[1] which meant a reduced rate compared with the previous basic UK income tax rate of 23%.^[2]

History

Introduction

The reduced tax rate for low incomes was introduced in Gordon Brown's third budget as Chancellor of the Exchequer.^[3] Brown said of its introduction:^[4]

"The 10p rate is very important because it's a signal about the importance we attach about getting people into work and it's of most importance to the low paid. This is not about gimmicks; this is about tax reform that encourages work and families, on the families side it is replacing what was an anomalous married couples' allowance and replace it with a child tax credit."

Development

At the time of its introduction in 1999, the reduced tax rate of 10% applied to incomes between £4,335 and £5,835^[5] and was the only income tax paid by 1.8 million of the lowest earners.^[3] By early 2008, the 10% tax rate had been raised to apply to income between £5,225 and £7,455.^[6]

Abolition

As part of his plans for the national budget for 2008 (his last as Chancellor of the Exchequer), Gordon Brown announced in 2007 that the reduced tax rate for low incomes would be abolished from April 2008.^[7] This meant that all income above the personal allowance and below the higher rate band would be taxed at 20%, with the effect that taxpayers earning above the personal allowance would be up to £232 worse off each year.^[8]

The abolition of the 10% tax band came into effect at the start of the 2008 tax year and was the source of considerable criticism. High profile figures protested, including former minister Frank Field.^[9] In May 2008, the Chancellor of the Exchequer announced that the 2008-2009 personal allowance would be increased by £600 (from £5435 to £6035)^[10] to help low-income tax-payers affected by the abolition of the 10% starting rate of income tax. At the same time, the threshold for higher rate income tax was reduced by £600, so that higher rate tax payers would not be able to benefit from the adaptation. These changes were implemented in September 2008.

Subsequent adaptations

In the years after the abolition of the reduced tax rate for low incomes, the UK government made further adaptations to personal income taxation, notably to the personal allowance:

• In 2009-2010, the enhanced personal allowance was increased to £6475.^[11]

• On 22 June 2010, Chancellor George Osborne, as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat coalition agreement which seeks to increase the personal allowance to £10,000 from April 2015,^[12] made an first increase of £1,000 (making it £7,475 for the 2011-2012 tax year).^[13]

• In the 2011 Budget, the personal allowance was raised by £630 to £8,105 from April 2012.^[14]

• In 2013, Osborne reviewed the plans to increase the allowance earlier than originally planned, which resulted in the decision to bring forward the date at which it would reach the £10,000 target. The allowance was raised to £9,440 from April 2013 and eventually to £10,000 from April 2014.^[15][16][17]

References

1. "Inland Revenue Tax Calculation Guide 2000" (PDF). HMRC.
2. "New Ambitions for Britain - Budget 1998". HM Treasury.
3. "Budget 1999: budget report:Chapter 4 - Increasing Employment Opportunity". HM Treasury.
4. "Digesting the Budget". BBC News. 10 March 1999.
5. "Inland Revenue Tax Calculation Guide 2000" (PDF). HMRC.
6. "2008 Tax Calculation Guide" (PDF). HMRC.
7. "Budget 2007: report". HM Treasury.
8. Kelly, Jon (7 April 2008). "Low-earners fear tax changes". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-05-19.
9. "Frank Field: Frank – but so sorry". London: The Independent. 18 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
10. "Full Statement - Tax Changes". BBC News. 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
11. "Rates and Allowances - Income Tax". HM Revenue & Customs. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
12. Wall, Emma (2010-05-21). "How does the Budget affect me? Income Tax". The Daily Telegraph (London).
13. "Emergency Budget 22 June 2010". HM Revenue & Customs. Retrieved 2010-06-25.
14. Cooper, Rob (2011-03-23). "Osborne: 'I'm the man with a plan'... Chancellor's Budget cuts fuel duty, reduces income tax and slashes red tape and business costs". Daily Mail (London).
15. http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/385688/Budget-2013-Personal-tax-allowance-rise-to-10-000-brought-forward-12-months
16. Hall, James (2012-03-22). "Budget 2012: Hidden blow in raised personal tax allowance". The Daily Telegraph (London).
17. Mason, Rowena (2013-03-20). "Budget 2013: Millions of workers get £100 tax cut". The Daily Telegraph (London).

Notes

• UK Government website: http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/MoneyTaxAndBenefits/Taxes/BeginnersGuideToTax/IncomeTax/Taxallowancesandreliefs/DG_078571
• Detailed list of rates paid between 1972 - 2005: http://www.taxhistory.co.uk/Income%20Tax%20Allowances.htm