George Osborne

For other people named George Osborne, see George Osborne (disambiguation).

The Right Honourable
George Osborne
MP
First Secretary of State
Assumed office
8 May 2015
Prime Minister David Cameron
Preceded by William Hague
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Assumed office
11 May 2010
Prime Minister David Cameron
Preceded by Alistair Darling
Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office
5 May 2005 – 11 May 2010
Leader Michael Howard
David Cameron
Preceded by Oliver Letwin
Succeeded by Alistair Darling
Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury
In office
14 June 2004 – 5 May 2005
Leader Michael Howard
Preceded by Howard Flight
Succeeded by Philip Hammond
Member of Parliament
for Tatton
Assumed office
7 June 2001
Preceded by Martin Bell
Majority 18,241 (40%)
Personal details
Born Gideon Oliver Osborne
(1971-05-23) 23 May 1971
London, United Kingdom
Political party Conservative
Spouse(s) Frances Howell (1998–present)
Children 2
Residence 11 Downing Street
Alma mater Magdalen College, Oxford
Religion Anglicanism
Website Official website
Constituency website

George Osborne (born Gideon Oliver Osborne; 23 May 1971) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been Chancellor of the Exchequer since 2010 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Tatton since 2001.

Osborne worked for The Daily Telegraph before joining the Conservative Research Department and becoming head of its political section. He was a special adviser to Douglas Hogg at the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and worked at 10 Downing Street as well as for Prime Minister John Major's campaign team in the party's unsuccessful 1997 general election campaign before becoming a speechwriter and political secretary to Major's successor as party leader, William Hague.

In 2001, Osborne was elected as MP for Tatton, becoming the youngest Conservative MP in the House of Commons. He was appointed Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury by Conservative leader Michael Howard in 2004. In 2005, he ran David Cameron's successful leadership campaign. Cameron appointed Osborne Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer and, after the 2010 general election, Chancellor in the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government.

Since becoming Chancellor, Osborne has pursued austerity policies aimed at reducing the United Kingdom national debt. After the Conservatives won an overall majority in the 2015 general election, Osborne was reappointed as Chancellor of the Exchequer by Cameron in his second government and was given the additional title of First Secretary of State.

Early life and education

Osborne was born in Paddington, London,[1] and is the eldest of four boys. His father, Sir Peter Osborne, 17th Baronet, co-founded the firm of fabric and wallpapers designers Osborne & Little.[2] His mother is Felicity Alexandra Loxton-Peacock, the daughter of artist Clarisse Loxton-Peacock.[3][4]

Originally named Gideon Oliver,[3] he changed his name to George when he was 13. In an interview in July 2005, Osborne said: "It was my small act of rebellion. I never liked it. When I finally told my mother she said, 'Nor do I'. So I decided to be George after my grandfather, who was a war hero. Life was easier as a George; it was a straightforward name."[3][5][6]

Osborne was educated at independent schools: Norland Place School, Colet Court and St Paul's School.[7] In 1990 he was awarded a demyship at Magdalen College, Oxford,[3] where in 1993 he received a 2:1 bachelor's degree in Modern History.[2][8] While there he was a member of the Bullingdon Club.[9] He also attended Davidson College in North Carolina for a semester as a Dean Rusk Scholar.[10]

In 1993, Osborne intended to pursue a career in journalism. He was shortlisted for but failed to gain a place on The Times trainee scheme, and instead did freelance work on the Peterborough diary column of The Daily Telegraph.[11] Some time later an Oxford friend of his, journalist George Bridges, alerted Osborne to a research vacancy at Conservative Central Office.[11]

Early political career

Osborne joined the Conservative Research Department in 1994 and became head of its Political Section. One of his first roles was to go to Blackpool and observe the October 1994 Labour Conference.[12]

Between 1995 and 1997 he worked as special adviser to the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Douglas Hogg (during the BSE crisis) and worked in the Political Office at 10 Downing Street. In 1997, Osborne worked on Prime Minister John Major's campaign team in the run-up to the Tories' heavy election defeat. After the election, he again considered journalism, approaching The Times to be a leader writer, though nothing came of it.

Between 1997 and 2001, he worked for then Conservative Leader William Hague as a speechwriter and Political Secretary. In this role he helped prepare Hague for the weekly session of Prime Minister's Questions, often playing the role of Prime Minister Tony Blair. Under the successive leaderships of Michael Howard and David Cameron he remained on the Prime Minister's Questions team.

Member of Parliament

Elected as the Member of Parliament for Tatton, Cheshire, in June 2001, Osborne succeeded the Independent MP Martin Bell, who had defeated the controversial former Conservative minister Neil Hamilton at the 1997 election but kept to his promise not to stand again at the 2001 election. Osborne won with a majority of 8,611 over the Labour candidate, becoming (at that time) the youngest Conservative MP in the House of Commons. Osborne was a strong supporter of the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[13] At the 2005 election, he was re-elected with an increased majority of 11,731 (51.8% of the vote) and in 2010 increased his majority still further to 14,487.

Shadow Chancellor

Osborne speaking at a podium, gesturing with his hands.
George Osborne at Conservative Spring Forum 2006 in Manchester

In September 2004, Osborne was appointed by Michael Howard to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury.

Following the 2005 general election, he was promoted to Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer at the young age of 33 by the then-Conservative Party leader Michael Howard. Howard had initially offered the post to William Hague, who turned it down. Press reports suggest that Howard's second choice for the post was in fact David Cameron, who also rejected the job as he preferred to take on a major public service portfolio (he was made Shadow Education Secretary). Thus Howard turned to Osborne as his third choice for the role.[14] His promotion prompted speculation he would run for leadership of the Conservative Party when Howard stepped down, but he ruled himself out within a week.[15] Osborne served as campaign manager for David Cameron's leadership campaign, and kept the Shadow Chancellor's post when Cameron became leader later that year.

In 2009 when David Cameron was asked whether or not he would be willing to sack a close colleague such as Osborne, he stated, "With George, the answer is yes. He stayed in my shadow cabinet not because he is a friend, not because we are godfathers to each other's children but because he is the right person to do the job. I know and he knows that if that was not the case he would not be there."[16]

Osborne expressed an interest in the ideas of "tax simplification" (including the idea of flat tax). He set up a "Tax Reform Commission" in October 2005 to investigate ideas for how to create a "flatter, simpler" tax system. The system then proposed would reduce the income tax rate to a flat 22%, and increase personal allowance from £4,435 to £10,000-£15,500. The idea of a flat tax was not included in the 2010 Conservative Party manifesto.[17]

Each year between 2006 and 2009, Osborne attended the annual Bilderberg Conference, a meeting of influential people in business, finance and politics.[18]

Comments on Gordon Brown

During Osborne's response to the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown's Pre-Budget Report on 5 December 2005, Osborne accused Brown of being "a Chancellor past his sell-by-date, a Chancellor holding Britain back". In an interview the same week, he also referred to Brown as "brutal" and "unpleasant".[19] In October 2006 Osborne was rebuked by Speaker Martin when he attacked the Chancellor at Oral Questions to the Chancellor by citing a comment attributed to the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions John Hutton, describing the Chancellor as likely to make an "effing awful" Prime Minister.[20] It was widely suggested that Osborne was leading an assault on Brown which would allow the Conservatives to discredit him without damaging David Cameron's public image.[20][21][22] In October 2006, Osborne faced criticism from some quarters for appearing to suggest that Brown was "faintly autistic". After talking about his ability to recall odd facts in an interview, a host suggested that Osborne may have been "faintly autistic"; Osborne responded by saying that "We're not getting onto Gordon Brown yet".[23]

Pledge to match Labour spending

In September 2007, ahead of the publication of the 2007 Comprehensive Spending Review, Osborne pledged that the Conservative Party would match Labour's public spending plans for the next three years.[24] He promised increases in public spending of 2% a year,[24] calling Labour charges that the Conservatives would cut public spending "a pack of lies".[25] He also ruled out any "upfront, unfunded tax cuts".[25]

The Deripaska claim

In October 2008, Osborne's school and university contemporary, financier Nathaniel Rothschild, said that George Osborne had tried to solicit a £50,000 donation from the Russian aluminium magnate Oleg Deripaska, which would have been a violation of the law against political donations by foreign citizens.[26][27] Rothschild had hosted Deripaska, Osborne, Peter Mandelson and others at a party in his villa in Corfu. The alleged solicitation of a donation occurred on Deripaska's yacht during the party.[28][29]

The Electoral Commission received a formal complaint initiated in a letter by the Liberal Democrats' Home Affairs spokesperson, Chris Huhne, urging them to investigate the allegations against Osborne. The Commission rejected the claims and said it saw "no information" suggesting an offence.[30][31] The accusation was referred to by the press as 'Yachtgate'.[29]

"Run on the pound"

On 14 November 2008, in an intervention described by the BBC's Nick Robinson as "pretty extraordinary",[32] Osborne spoke out warning that the more the government borrows the less attractive sterling becomes. He said: "We are in danger, if the government is not careful, of having a proper sterling collapse, a run on the pound." Labelling Gordon Brown's tactic as a "scorched-earth policy", which a future Conservative government would have to clear up, Osborne continued: "His view is he probably won't win the next election. The Tories can clear this mess up after I've gone."[32]

Expenses

In 2009 and 2012 Osborne was criticised for his expense claims, in particular for the claims for mortgage interest payments on his Cheshire properties.[33][34][35] Osborne had funded the purchase of a country farmhouse and adjoining paddock in Cheshire before he became an MP in 2001 by way of a £455,000 extension of the mortgage on his London home. In 2003 he substituted a new £450,000 mortgage on the Cheshire property, which he then designated as his second home, or "flipped". As a result, he was able to claim up to £100,000 in mortgage interest on the house and paddock between 2003 and 2010, when the regulations changed.[34][35][36] In 2012 it was revealed that the paddock had been legally separate from the farmhouse.[35][37]

The Lib Dems said he had a "moral obligation" to pay an estimated £55,000 in capital gains tax to the public purse which he had saved through the designation or "flipping" of his London property as his main home.[38] He previously paid back £1,193 on overpayments on his mortgage and chauffeur fares[39] after a complaint from a Labour activist, and it also emerged that he had claimed £47 for two copies of a DVD of his own speech on "value for taxpayers' money".[40] Parliament's standards commissioner's report found that although Mr Osborne had breached the rules the offence was "unintended and relatively minor". Osborne said he had received "flawed" advice and not benefited personally.[41]

2010 general election campaign

During the 2010 general election campaign, Osborne was considered to have been sidelined due to his perceived unpopularity and the perception that he was a "weak link" by both the Liberal Democrat and Labour strategists.[42]

Chancellor of the Exchequer

2010

Osborne was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer on 11 May 2010 and, as per custom with Cabinet Ministers, was sworn in as a Privy Counsellor the next day.[43]

Osborne acceded to the chancellorship in the continuing wake of the financial crisis. Two of his first acts were setting up the Office for Budget Responsibility and commissioning a government-wide spending review, to conclude in autumn 2010, to set limits on departmental spending until 2014–15.[44] Shortly before the 2010 election, Osborne had pledged to be "tougher than Thatcher" on Britain's budget deficit,[45] and he duly set himself the target of reducing the UK's deficit to the point that, in the financial year 2015–16, total public debt would be falling as a fraction of GDP.[46] On 24 May 2010, Osborne outlined £6.2bn cuts: "We simply cannot afford to increase public debt at the rate of £3bn each week. "[47] Leaked Treasury documents the next month revealed that Osborne anticipated his tighter spending would lead to 1.3  million jobs lost over the course of the parliament.[48] Osborne has termed those who object to his policy "deficit-deniers".[49]

In July 2010, Osborne, seeking cuts of up to 25 per cent in government spending to tackle the deficit, insisted the £20 billion cost of building four new Vanguard-class submarine to bear Trident had to be considered as part of the MoD's core funding even if that implied a severe reduction in the rest of the Ministry of Defence budget. The Defence Secretary Liam Fox warned that if Trident was considered core funding, there would have to be severe restrictions in the way that Britain operated militarily.[50]

Osborne presented the Government's Spending Review on 20 October, which fixed spending budgets for each government department up to 2014–15.[51][52] Before and after becoming chancellor, Osborne had alleged that the UK was on "the verge of bankruptcy",[53][54] though this assertion was criticised by the Treasury Select Committee and others as an effort to try and justify his programme of spending cuts.[55][56]

On 4 October 2010, in a speech at the Conservative conference in Birmingham, Osborne announced a cap on the overall amount of benefits a family can receive from the state, estimated to be around £500 a week from 2013. It has been estimated this could result in 50,000 unemployed families losing an average of £93 a week. He also announced that he would end the universal entitlement to child benefit, and removed the entitlement from people on the 40% and 50% income tax rates from 2013.[57]

2011

In February 2011 Osborne announced Project Merlin whereby banks aimed to lend about £190bn to businesses in 2011 (including £76bn to small firms), curb bonuses and reveal some salary details of their top earners, whilst increasing the bank levy by 800m. Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesman Lord Oakeshott resigned after the agreement was announced. Other pledges include providing £200m of capital for David Cameron's Big Society Bank, which is supposed to finance community projects.[58]

In November 2011, Osborne sold Northern Rock to Richard Branson's Virgin Money for a price that could range from £747m to £1bn.[59] Northern Rock, the first British bank in 150 years to suffer a bank run, had been taken into public ownership in 2008, then divided into two entities on 1 January 2010 – the other half being Northern Rock (Asset Management).[60] The Independent described the entity sold as the "detoxified arm" of the bank, while saying the taxpayers retained "responsibility for £20bn of toxic assets such as bad debts and closed mortgages." The deal valued the bank at somewhat less than its £1.12bn net asset value, and "locks in a minimum loss" for taxpayers of £373m to £453m.[61] Osborne argued the deal would get "more money back than any other deal on the table."[59] and responded to concerns about the timing by saying that a secret deal between the previous Labour government and the European Commission in Brussels obliged them to sell the bank in or before 2013, and "[g]iven we were advised that Northern Rock plc would have been likely to remain loss-making [until] at least well into 2012, which would have depleted taxpayer resources still further, agreeing a sale now was even more imperative. "[61]

2012

The 2012 budget – dubbed the "omnishambles budget" by Ed Miliband – is viewed as the nadir of Osborne's political fortunes.[62][63] Osborne cut the 50% income tax rate on top earners, which he said had been specially designated by his predecessor as "temporary", to 45%. HMRC figures showed that that the amount of additional rate tax paid had increased under the new rate from £38 billion in 2012/13 to £46 billion in 2013/14, which Osborne said was due to the more "competitive" rate.[64]

Osborne faced criticism for simultaneously proposing imposing VAT on food such as Cornish pasties when served at above ambient temperature. Critics commented on the potential effect on vendors, with members on the Treasury Select Committee suggesting that Osborne was inexperienced with the issue after a comment that he 'couldn't remember' the last time he had bought such a pasty from Greggs.[65] The "pasty tax" proposals were later withdrawn in what was seen as a political "U-turn",[66] as was the neutering of policies to cut tax relief on charitable donations and tax on static caravans.[67]

In October 2012, Osborne proposed a new policy to boost hiring staff, under which companies are able to give new appointees shares worth between £2,000 and £50,000, but the appointee will lose the right to claim unfair dismissal and time off for training.[68][69]

2013–2015

George Osborne at an official visit to China in October 2013

In February 2013 the UK lost its AAA credit rating – which Osborne had indicated to be a priority when coming to power – for the first time since 1978.[70] His March 2013 budget was made under the shadow of the halving of the Office for Budget Responsibility's forecast for economic growth from 1.2% to 0.6%.[71] It was described by the Daily Telegraph's economics editor as "an inventive, scattergun approach to growth that half-ticked the demands of every policy commentator, wrapped together under the Chancellor’s banner of Britain as an 'aspiration nation'."[72] However it was positively received by the public, with the ensuing boost to Conservative party support in opinion polls standing in marked contrast to the previous year's budget.[73] The economy subsequently began to pick up in mid-2013, with Osborne's net public approval rating rising from −33 to +3 over the following 12 months.[62]

By 2015 the annual deficit had been cut by about half of the initial target, so the debt-to-GDP ratio was still rising. However the United Kingdom national debt increased more during the 5-year term than during the previous 13 years.[74]

2015–present

After the Conservatives won an overall majority at the 2015 general election, Osborne was reappointed Chancellor of the Exchequer by Cameron in his second government. Osborne also received the honorific title of First Secretary of State.[75][76]

On 16 May, Osborne announced that he would deliver a second Budget on 8 July and promised action on tax avoidance by the rich by bringing in a "Google Tax" designed to discourage large companies diverting profits out of the UK to avoid tax.[77] In addition, large companies would now have to publish their UK tax strategies and any large businesses that persistently engaged in aggressive tax planning would be subject to special measures;[78] However, resurfaced comments made by Osborne in 2003 on BBC2's Daily Politics programme regarding the avoidance of inheritance tax and using "clever financial products" to pass the value of homeowners' properties to their children were widely criticised by politicians and journalists as hypocritical.[79][80] Osborne was also criticised over his perceived inaction on enacting policies set forth by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to combat tax avoidance.[81] MPs called for an inquiry in January 2016 when it was revealed that a retrospective tax deal the Treasury agreed with Google over previous diverted profits allowed it to pay an effective tax rate of just 3% over the previous decade.[82]

The second Budget also increased funding for the NHS, more apprenticeships, efforts to increase productivity and cuts to the welfare budget.[83] In response, the Conservative-led Local Government Association, on behalf of 375 Conservative-, Labour- and Liberal Democrat-run councils, said that further austerity measures were "not an option" as they would "devastate" local services. They said that local councils had already had to make cuts of 40% since 2010 and couldn't make any more cuts without serious consequences for the most vulnerable.[84] After the budget many departments were told to work out the effect on services of spending cuts from 25% to 40% by 2019–20. This prompted fears that services the public takes for granted could be hit[85] and concern that the Conservative Party had not explained the policy clearly in the manifesto before the May 2015 general election.[86]

Osborne announced the introduction of a "National Living Wage" of £7.20/hour, rising to £9/hour by 2020 which would apply to those 25 or over.[87] This was widely cheered by both Conservative MPs and political commentators.[88] He also announced a raise in the income tax personal allowance to £11,000;[89] measures to introduce tax incentives for large corporations to create apprenticeships, aiming for 3 million new apprenticeships by 2020; and a cut in the benefits cap to £23,000 in London and £20,000 in the rest of the country.[89]

The July budget postponed the arrival of a UK surplus from 2019 to 2020 and included an extra £18 billion more borrowing for 2016–20 than planned for the same period in March.[90]

In the July Budget, Osborne also planned to cut tax credits, which top up pay for low-income workers, prompting claims that this represented a breach of promises made by colleagues before the general election in May.[91] Following public opposition and a House of Lords vote against the changes, Osborne scrapped these changes in the 2015 Autumn Statement, saying that higher-than-expected tax receipts gave him more room for manoeuvre.[92] The IFS noted that Osborne's proposals implied that tax credits would still be cut as part of the switch to Universal Credit in 2018.[91]

In Osborne's 2016 budget, he introduced a sugar tax, raised the tax-free allowance for income tax to £11,500 as well as lifting the 40% income tax threshold to £45,000. He also gave initial funding for several large infrastructure projects, such as High Speed 3 (an east–west rail line across the north of England,) Crossrail 2 (a north–south rail line across London), a road tunnel across the Pennines and upgrades to the M62 motorway.[93] There would also be a new "lifetime" Isa for the under-40s, with the government putting in £1 for every £4 saved.[93] There was also £100m allocated to tackle rough sleeping.[94] However, many charities complained that they thought Osborne's 2016 budget favoured big business rather than disabled people.[95]

BBC licence fee

According to the Guardian, Osborne was "the driving force" behind the BBC licence fee agreement which saw the BBC responsible for funding the £700m welfare cost of free TV licences for the over-75s, meaning that it lost almost 20% of its income.[96] The Guardian also noted Osborne's four meetings with News Corp representatives and two meetings with Rupert Murdoch before the deal was announced.[97]

Political views

The Financial Times describes Osborne as "metropolitan and socially liberal. He is hawkish on foreign policy with links to Washington neo-conservatives and ideologically committed to cutting the state. A pragmatic Eurosceptic".[98] There is evidence of this commitment to cutting the state in his party's manifesto, with Osborne and the Conservatives seeking to cut the deficit "faster and deeper" than any other main party as well as committing to various tax cuts such as inheritance tax and national insurance. According to an IFS report before the 2010 election,[99] the Conservatives needed to find more money from cuts beyond what they had outlined than any other major party, although the report was also critical of Labour and the Lib Dems. He has stated that the British economy must diversify away from London following the 2008 banking crisis, most notably in the form of the Northern Powerhouse policy proposals which aim to improve transport links and boost science and technology investment in the cities of the North to increase economic output.[100]

Political relationships

Osborne is widely viewed as a potential future leader of the Conservative Party, should David Cameron stand down and trigger a leadership contest, despite being seen as a relatively unpopular figure with the general public.[62][63][101] Conservative MP Nadhim Zahawi has suggested the closeness of his relationship with David Cameron means the two effectively share power in the current government, whilst commentators point to his hand in Cabinet reshuffles.[62] He has worked hard on rebuilding his image after the much-criticised 2012 budget.[62]

During House of Commons debates. Michael Deacon of The Daily Telegraph has described him as "the prince of the parliamentary putdown" after he managed to taunt both Ed Balls and Norman Baker in one sentence.[102] Osborne denied rumours that he had referred to his colleague Iain Duncan Smith as "not clever enough", which were published in Matthew d'Ancona's book In It Together.[103]

Personal life

Osborne married The Hon. Frances Victoria Howell, author and elder daughter of Lord Howell, the Conservative politician, on 4 April 1998.[4]

The couple have two children, a boy, born at Westminster on 15 June 2001, and a girl, also born in Westminster, on 27 June 2003.[1] He has an estimated personal fortune of around £4 million, as the beneficiary of a trust fund that owns a 15 per cent stake in Osborne & Little, the wallpaper-and-fabrics company co-founded by his father, Peter Osborne.[104]

Osborne is heir to his family's Irish baronetcy, of Ballentaylor and Ballylemon in County Waterford.

See also

References

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  2. 1 2 White, Michael; Boles, Nick (8 October 2009). "Britain's Top 10 Tories". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 23 February 2010.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 107th edition, volume 2, page 3030.
  4. 1 2 Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S. A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 2, page 1989.
  5. ↑ Rachel Sylvester and Alice Thomson (22 July 2005). "The future belongs to us, predicts Tory party's young star". The Telegraph (London). Retrieved 23 August 2009.
  6. ↑ OSBORNE, Rt Hon. George (Gideon Oliver). Who's Who 2015 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. (subscription required)
  7. ↑ Ross, Tim (7 November 2008). "St Paul's School in £150m rebuild". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  8. ↑ "George Osborne Visits Magdalen – Magdalen College Oxford".
  9. ↑ Day, Elizabeth (1 October 2011). "George Osborne and the Bullingdon club: what the chancellor saw". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  10. ↑ "Jeopardy! and Other Breaking News". Daybook Davidson – Davidson College. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  11. 1 2 "The real George Osborne".
  12. ↑ The real George Osborne. Andy Beckett. The Guardian. 28 November 2011.
  13. ↑ Mr. George Osborne (Tatton) (22 October 2003). "Debate: Iraq (Judicial Inquiry)". Hansard. 22 October 2003 : Column 734. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  14. ↑ Watt, Nicholas (12 May 2005). "Hague rejects post of shadow chancellor". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 4 May 2008.
  15. ↑ "Osborne will not enter Tory race". BBC News. 20 May 2005. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
  16. ↑ Greig, Geordie (6 November 2009). "David Cameron: Would I sack George Osborne? Yes absolutely if I have to...". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  17. ↑ Schifferes, Steve (10 October 2005). "Flat tax inventor turns critic". BBC News. Retrieved 16 April 2010.
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  19. ↑ Cathy Newman (2 December 2005). "Shadow chancellor attacks 'brutal' Brown". Financial Times. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
  20. 1 2 "Treasury questions". Hansard : Column 1637. 26 October 2006. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
  21. ↑ Derek Draper (21 August 2006). "Cameron's boot boys". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 19 November 2007.
  22. ↑ Philip Webster (5 December 2005). "New era will begin with attack on Brown's record". The Times (London). Retrieved 19 November 2007.
  23. ↑ "Osborne's Autism Jibe Criticised". BBC News. 2 October 2006. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
  24. 1 2 "Tories 'to match Labour spending'". BBC News. 3 September 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  25. 1 2 "Tories will match Labour's public spending for next three years". Conservative Home. 3 September 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
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  27. ↑ Elliott, Francis; David Robertson (23 October 2008). "Nathaniel Rothschild: the solid financier reverted to type?". The Times (London). Retrieved 30 October 2010.
  28. ↑ "#164 Oleg Deripaska – The World's Billionaires 2009". Forbes. 11 March 2009.
  29. 1 2 d'Ancona, Matthew (26 October 2008). "Doesn't 'Yachtgate' give you that sinking feeling?". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  30. ↑ Huhne donor probe call rejected BBC News, 23 October 2008
  31. ↑ Huhne calls for Investigation of George Osborne Sky News, 23 October 2008
  32. 1 2 "Osborne fears sterling collapse". BBC News. 15 November 2008. Retrieved 15 November 2008.
  33. ↑ Brown, David (11 June 2009). "George Osborne 'flipped' second home to claim for £450,000 loan". The Times (London). Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  34. 1 2 "George Osborne bought paddock with taxpayer's money". The Daily Telegraph. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  35. 1 2 3 "George Osborne's mortgage on paddock paid by taxpayers". The Guardian. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  36. ↑ "Q&A: MP expenses row explained". BBC News. 18 June 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  37. ↑ "George Osborne in expense claim for paddock". The Independent. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  38. ↑ Kite, Melissa (13 June 2009). "MPs' expenses: George Osborne 'must be made to pay' say Lib Dems". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  39. ↑ "MPs' expenses: The table of paybacks". The Daily Telegraph (London). 20 June 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
  40. ↑ "Tatton MP George Osborne claimed £47 expenses for DVDs of his speech on 'value for taxpayers' money". Retrieved 18 June 2009.
  41. ↑ "Osborne agrees to repay £1,936 after expenses breach". BBC News. 21 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  42. ↑ Tall, Stephen. "'Where's George Osborne? I'm curious'". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
  43. ↑ "Privy Council Orders". Privy Council. 13 May 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  44. ↑ Martin Wolf (10 June 2010). "A question for chancellor Osborne". Financial Times. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  45. ↑ "Osborne will be 'tougher than Thatcher'". Today. BBC Radio 4. 25 February 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  46. ↑ Emma Rowley (12 June 2011). "UK economy 'Plan A' – Is George Osborne on the right path?". The Sunday Telegraph. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  47. ↑ "George Osborne outlines detail of £6.2bn spending cuts". BBC News. 24 May 2010.
  48. ↑ Larry Elliott (29 June 2010). "Budget will cost 1.3m jobs – Treasury". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 June 2011. Unpublished estimates of the impact of the biggest squeeze on public spending since the second world war show that the government is expecting between 500,000 and 600,000 jobs to go in the public sector and between 600,000 and 700,000 to disappear in the private sector by 2015. . . . A slide from the final version of a presentation for last week's budget. . . . says: "100–120,000 public sector jobs and 120–140,000 private sector jobs assumed to be lost per annum for five years through cuts. " 
  49. ↑ Ed Howker (14 September 2010). "Barber, Blanchflower and the fake debate on double dip". Coffee House. UK. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  50. ↑ Prince, Rosa (29 July 2010). "George Osborne: Trident is not exempt from budget cuts". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  51. ↑ "Key Spending Review announcements". Spending Review. HM Treasury. 22 November 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  52. ↑ "Spending Review 2010: Key points at-a-glance". BBC News. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  53. ↑ Sam Coates (25 November 2008). "Parties reveal their battle lines for the next election". The Times. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
  54. ↑ George Osborne (4 October 2010). "George Osborne's speech to the Conservative party conference in full". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
  55. ↑ Martin Wolf (20 October 2010). "A spending review for a diminished country". Financial Times. Retrieved 30 September 2013. The chancellor presents the hypothesis of looming national 'bankruptcy'. If so, the UK must have been bankrupt for much of the past two centuries.
  56. ↑ Phillip Inman (4 November 2010). "George Osborne accused of misleading public over UK bankruptcy claim". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
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  58. ↑ "Banks agree Project Merlin lending and bonus deal". BBC News. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
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  60. ↑ "Treasury confirms 1 January restructuring of Northern Rock". HM Treasury. 8 December 2009. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
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  62. 1 2 3 4 5 Parker, George (6 March 2015). "The reinvention of George Osborne". Financial Times. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  63. 1 2 Grice, Andrew (29 September 2014). "Analysis: George Osborne inspired the Tory faithful, but will he ever be leader?". Independent. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
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  65. ↑ Rowena Mason (27 March 2012). "George Osborne 'can't remember' eating in Greggs amid ridicule over pasty tax". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  66. ↑ Patrick Wintour; Owen Bowcott; Richard Norton-Taylor (28 May 2012). "George Osborne forced into pasty tax U-turn". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  67. ↑ "Government confirms U-turn on charity tax". The Guardian. 31 May 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  68. ↑ Murphy, Joe (8 October 2012). "George Osborne: Workers of the world unite... and give up your rights". London Evening Standard.
  69. ↑ Mark King; Hilary Osborne (8 October 2012). "George Osborne's 'employee shares for rights' proposal draws scepticism". The Guardian.
  70. ↑ "UK's credit rating cut humiliating, Labour says". BBC News. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  71. ↑ "Budget 2013: Economic growth forecast for 2013 halved". BBC News. 20 March 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  72. ↑ "Budget 2013: as it happened". The Daily Telegraph. 20 March 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  73. ↑ "Budgets, polls and their impact on elections: a brief history". The Guardian. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  74. ↑ Asa Bennett (26 March 2015). "National debt, the deficit and cuts: where does each party stand in General Election 2015?". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  75. ↑ Election 2015: Prime Minister and ministerial appointments (press release), Prime Minister's Office (8 May 2015).
  76. ↑ Nicolas Watts, George Osborne made first secretary of state in cabinet reshuffle, The Guardian (8 May 2015).
  77. ↑ "Budget 2015: 'Google Tax' introduction confirmed". BBC News. 18 March 2015.
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    Gardner, Kashmira (16 February 2015). "George Osborne advised viewer on how to avoid inheritance tax on The Daily Politics show". The Independent. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
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  85. ↑ Preston Robert BBC Treasury want reinvention of public sector
  86. ↑ The Independent (London) 27 October 2015 Tax credits: House of Lords votes to delay cuts by three years
  87. ↑ "Budget 2015: Osborne unveils National Living Wage". BBC News.
  88. ↑ "Jon Craig: Osborne's transition from pantomime villain to Tory rock star". publicaffairsnews.com.
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  94. ↑ "George Osborne to announce £100m to tackle homelessness".
  95. ↑ The Independent (London) 17 March 2016 George Osborne put big business ahead of children and disabled people in his Budget, charities say
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  98. ↑ A Conservative Who's Who Financial Times. com
  99. ↑ General Election 2010: Parties misleading voters over deficit, warns think tank IFS Yahoo!! Finance, 27 April 2010
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  101. ↑ "Tory leader race: Osborne's defeat boosts rival Boris". The Week. 1 October 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  102. ↑ "Sketch: The Great British Baker’s Off!". The Daily Telegraph. 4 November 2014.
  103. ↑ "Duncan Smith dismisses claim Osborne said he was 'not clever enough'". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  104. ↑ Samira Shackle, Stephanie Hegarty and George Eaton (1 October 2009). "The new ruling class". New Statesman. Retrieved 10 January 2010.

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