1265

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century – 13th century – 14th century
Decades:	1230s  1240s  1250s  – 1260s –  1270s  1280s  1290s
Years:	1262 1263 1264 – 1265 – 1266 1267 1268

1265 by topic

Politics

State leaders – Sovereign states

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Art and literature

1265 in poetry

1265 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1265 MCCLXV
Ab urbe condita	2018
Armenian calendar	714 ԹՎ ՉԺԴ
Assyrian calendar	6015
Bengali calendar	672
Berber calendar	2215
English Regnal year	49 Hen. 3 – 50 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar	1809
Burmese calendar	627
Byzantine calendar	6773–6774
Chinese calendar	甲子年 (Wood Rat) 3961 or 3901     — to — 乙丑年 (Wood Ox) 3962 or 3902
Coptic calendar	981–982
Discordian calendar	2431
Ethiopian calendar	1257–1258
Hebrew calendar	5025–5026
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1321–1322
- Shaka Samvat	1187–1188
- Kali Yuga	4366–4367
Holocene calendar	11265
Igbo calendar	265–266
Iranian calendar	643–644
Islamic calendar	663–664
Japanese calendar	Bun'ei 2 (文永２年)
Julian calendar	1265 MCCLXV
Korean calendar	3598
Minguo calendar	647 before ROC 民前647年
Thai solar calendar	1807–1808

The restored Byzantine Empire and surrounding lands in 1265.

Year 1265 (MCCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By topic

War and politics

• January 20 – In Westminster, the first elected English parliament (called Montfort's Parliament) conducts its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, later to be known as the Houses of Parliament.
• May 28 – Future King Edward I of England escapes the captivity of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.
• August 4 – The Battle of Evesham of the Second Barons' War is fought in Worcestershire, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, resulted in the death of Montfort and many of his allies. This was sometimes considered the death of chivalry in England.
• Reconquista: King Alfonso X of Castile captures the city of Alicante, Spain from the Moors.
• The Isle of Man comes under Scottish rule.
• Mongol armies, led by Nogai Khan, raid Thrace.
• In the first major battle in 5 years since the Song dynasty Chinese pushed the forces of Kublai Khan back across the Yangzi River after Möngke Khan's failed invasion in 1259, Kublai Khan engages the Chinese in Sichuan province. Kublai gains a preliminary victory and war booty of 146 captured Song Dynasty naval ships.

Culture

• The Book of Aneirin, a Welsh manuscript of poetry, is penned.
• The brewing of Budweiser Budvar beer begins in Bohemia (now part of the Czech Republic); Budweiser Budvar has been produced continuously there to this day.
• Correspondence from Pope Clement IV contains the first known mention of the ring of the Fisherman, an item of papal regalia then used to seal personal correspondence from the pope and later for papal bulls.
• February 5 – Pope Clement IV succeeds Pope Urban IV as the 183rd pope.

By place

Africa and Asia

• The Mamluk Sultanate Bahri dynasty of Egypt captures several cities and towns from Crusader states in the Middle East, including the cities of Haifa, Arsuf, and Caesarea Maritima; these events eventually precipitate the Eighth Crusade in 1267.
• Kublai Khan sends a delegation to Japan, which loots islands along the way.
• Fire destroys parts of Old Cairo.
• India, Delhi: Ghiyas-Ud-Din-Balban comes to the throne and introduces Sijdah.

Births

• May 10 – Emperor Fushimi of Japan (d. 1317)
• June 1 – Dante (approximate date; d. 1321)
• King Alfonso III of Aragon

Deaths

• January 20 – John Maunsell, Lord Chancellor of England
• February 8 – Hulagu Khan of the Mongol Empire (b. 1217)
• April 25 – Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester, English politician (b. 1195)
• May 16 – Saint Simon Stock, English saint (b. c. 1165)
• August 4 – Killed in the Battle Of Evesham:
  • Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer (b. 1223)
  • Henry de Montfort (b. 1238)
  • Peter de Montfort
  • Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (b. 1208)
• December 3 – Odofredus, Italian jurist
• Al-Abharī, Persian philosopher and mathematician (b. 1200)

References