1731

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	17th century – 18th century – 19th century
Decades:	1700s  1710s  1720s  – 1730s –  1740s  1750s  1760s
Years:	1728 1729 1730 – 1731 – 1732 1733 1734

1731 by topic:

Arts and Sciences

Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science

Countries

Canada –Denmark – France – Great Britain – Ireland – Norway – Scotland –Sweden –

Lists of leaders

Colonial governors – State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1731 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1731 MDCCXXXI
Ab urbe condita	2484
Armenian calendar	1180 ԹՎ ՌՃՁ
Assyrian calendar	6481
Bengali calendar	1138
Berber calendar	2681
British Regnal year	4 Geo. 2 – 5 Geo. 2
Buddhist calendar	2275
Burmese calendar	1093
Byzantine calendar	7239–7240
Chinese calendar	庚戌年 (Metal Dog) 4427 or 4367     — to — 辛亥年 (Metal Pig) 4428 or 4368
Coptic calendar	1447–1448
Discordian calendar	2897
Ethiopian calendar	1723–1724
Hebrew calendar	5491–5492
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1787–1788
- Shaka Samvat	1653–1654
- Kali Yuga	4832–4833
Holocene calendar	11731
Igbo calendar	731–732
Iranian calendar	1109–1110
Islamic calendar	1143–1144
Japanese calendar	Kyōhō 16 (享保１６年)
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar	4064
Minguo calendar	181 before ROC 民前181年
Thai solar calendar	2273–2274

1731 (MDCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday (dominical letter C) of the Julian calendar, the 1731st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 731st year of the 2nd millennium, the 31st year of the 18th century, and the 2nd year of the 1730s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1731 is 11 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.

Events

January–June

• March 16 – The Treaty of Vienna is signed between the Holy Roman Empire, Great Britain, the Dutch Republic and Spain.
• April 2 – The town of Raynham, Massachusetts in Bristol County is entered as a new town by the governor and court of Massachusetts, New England, America.
• April – British trader Robert Jenkins has his ear cut off by Spanish coast guards in Cuba, casus belli for the War of Jenkins' Ear in 1739.^[1]

July–December

• July 1 – Benjamin Franklin and fellow-subscribers start the Library Company of Philadelphia.

Date unknown

• Royal Colony of North Carolina Governor George Burrington asks the North Carolina General Assembly to pass an act establishing a town on the Cape Fear River, in what is seen as a political move to shift the power away from the powerful Cape Fear plantation class. The town is laid out in 1733 and incorporated as Wilmington in 1740.
• English Captain Charles Gough rediscovers Gough Island in the South Atlantic.
• Laura Bassi becomes the first official female university teacher on being appointed professor of anatomy at the University of Bologna at the age of 21.^[2]
• John Bevis observes the Crab Nebula for the first time in the modern era.
• The Royal Theatre of Mantua (Italy) is built by Ferdinando Galli Bibiena.

Births

• February – Charles Churchill, English poet (d. 1764)
• April 8 – William Williams, Signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1811)
• May 8 – Beilby Porteus, Bishop of London and abolitionist (d. 1809)
• June 2 – Martha Washington, First Lady of the United States (d. 1802)
• August – Henry Constantine Jennings, English gambler and collector (d. 1819)
• October 10 – Henry Cavendish, English scientist (d. 1810)
• November 9 – Benjamin Banneker, African-American astronomer and surveyor of the District of Columbia (d. 1806)
• November 15 – William Cowper, English poet (d. 1800)
• December 8 – František Xaver Dušek, Czech composer (d. 1799)
• December 12 – Erasmus Darwin, English scientist and grandfather of Charles Darwin (d. 1802)
• December 28 – José de Viera y Clavijo, Spanish writer
• Nikephoros Theotokis, Greek scholar and theologian (d. 1800)
• Mikiel'Ang Grima – Maltese surgeon (d. 1798)

Deaths

• January 6 – Étienne François Geoffroy, French chemist (b. 1672)
• January 27 – Bartolomeo Cristofori, Italian maker of musical instruments (b. 1655)
• February 22 – Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. 1638)
• March 5 - Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi, Sufi academic (b. 1641
• March 8 – Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (b. 1688)
• March 12 – Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (b. 1660)
• c. April 24 – Daniel Defoe, English writer (b. 1660)
• May 1 – Johann Ludwig Bach, German composer (b. 1677)
• August 27 – Eudoxia Lopukhina, divorced wife of Peter the Great of Russia (b. 1669)
• December 17 – George Lockhart, writer, spy and politician (duel)
• December 26 – Antoine Houdar de la Motte, French writer (b. 1672)
• December 29 – Brook Taylor, English mathematician (b. 1685)

References

1. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 303. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
2. "The 18th Century Women Scientists of Bologna". ScienceWeek. 2004. Retrieved 2011-04-26.