1793 in science

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The year 1793 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Events

• August 8 – The French Academy of Sciences is among the academies suppressed by the National Convention.
• October 24 – The French Republican Calendar, devised by Gilbert Romme, is adopted by the National Convention.

Exploration

• July 20 – Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie's 1792–1793 Peace River expedition to the Pacific Ocean reaches its goal at Bella Coola, British Columbia, making him the first known person to complete a transcontinental crossing of northern North America.

Biology

• June 10 – Muséum national d'histoire naturelle formally established in Paris by the National Convention of the French First Republic.
• Christian Konrad Sprengel publishes Das entdeckte Geheimnis der Natur im Bau und in der Befruchtung der Blumen in Berlin, pioneering the study of pollination ecology.

Chemistry

• Scottish chemist Thomas Charles Hope confirms the existence of the alkaline earth metal which he names strontites; later isolated as strontium.^[1][2]

Medicine

• Matthew Baillie publishes The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body, considered the first systematic study of pathology and the first publication in English on it as a separate subject.^[3] He is credited with first identifying transposition of the great vessels and situs inversus.
• John Bell begins publication in Edinburgh of The Anatomy of the Bones, Muscles & Joints (the first volume of The Anatomy of the Human Body, which will go through at least seven editions) and Discourses on the Nature and Cure of Wounds with illustrations by himself and his brother Charles.^[4][5]
• Yellow Fever epidemic in Philadelphia in the United States.
• Dominique Jean Larrey, chief surgeon of the French Revolutionary Army, creates the first battlefield "flying ambulance" service.

Technology

• May 15 – Spanish inventor Diego Marín Aguilera flies a glider for about 360 m (1,180 ft).
• Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin.

Awards

• Copley Medal: Not awarded

Births

• April 15 – Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve, Baltic astronomer (died 1864)
• April – Thomas Addison, English physician and scientist (died 1860)
• May 6 – William Dick, Scottish veterinarian (died 1866)
• July 13 – George Green, English mathematician (died 1841)

Deaths

• April 21 – John Michell, English geologist (born 1724)
• May 20 – Charles Bonnet, Swiss naturalist (born 1720)
• June 26 – Gilbert White, English naturalist (born 1720)
• September 26 – Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard, French mycologist (born c. 1742)
• October 16 – John Hunter, Scottish surgeon, pathologist and comparative anatomist (born 1728)

References

1. Although Hope had investigated strontium ores since 1791, his research was published in: Hope, Thomas C. (1798). "Account of a mineral from Strontian and of a particular species of earth which it contains". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 4 (2): 3–39.
2. Murray, T. (1993). "Elemementary Scots: The Discovery of Strontium". Scottish Medical Journal 38 (6): 188–189. PMID 8146640.
3. "Matthew Baillie". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
4. Baston, K. Grudzien (2004). "Bell, John (1763–1820)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2013. Retrieved 2011-04-06. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
5. Jacyna, L. S. (2004). "Bell, Sir Charles (1774–1842)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1999. Retrieved 2011-04-06.