French Academy of Sciences

Colbert Presenting the Members of the Royal Academy of Sciences to Louis XIV in 1667

The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, and is one of the earliest Academies of Sciences.

Today, it is one of the five Académies of Institut de France.

History

A heroic depiction of the activities of the Academy from 1698

The Academy of Sciences owes its origin to Colbert's plan to create a general academy. He chose a small group of scholars who met on 22 December 1666 in the King's library, and thereafter held twice-weekly working meetings there. The first 30 years of the Academy's existence were relatively informal, since no statutes had as yet been laid down for the institution. In contrast to its British counterpart, the Academy was founded as an organ of government. The Academy was expected to remain apolitical, and to avoid discussion of religious and social issues (Conner, 2005, p. 385).

On 20 January 1699, Louis XIV gave the Company its first rules. The Academy received the name of Royal Academy of Sciences and was installed in the Louvre in Paris. Following this reform, the Academy began publishing a volume each year with information on all the work done by its members and obituaries for members who had died. This reform also codified the method by which members of the Academy could receive pensions for their work.^[1] On 8 August 1793, the National Convention abolished all the academies. On 22 August 1795, a National Institute of Sciences and Arts was put in place, bringing together the old academies of the sciences, literature and arts, among them the Académie française and the Académie des sciences. Almost all the old members of the previously abolished Académie were formally re-elected and retook their ancient seats. Among the exceptions was Dominique, comte de Cassini, who refused to take his seat. Membership in the Academy was not restricted to scientists: in 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte was elected a member of the Academy and three years later a president in connection with his Egyptian expedition, which had a scientific component.^[2] In 1816, the again renamed "Royal Academy of Sciences" became autonomous, while forming part of the Institute of France; the head of State became its patron. In the Second Republic, the name returned to Académie des sciences. During this period, the Academy was funded by and accountable to the Ministry of Public Instruction.^[3] The Academy came to control French patent laws in the course of the eighteenth century, acting as the liaison of artisans' knowledge to the public domain. As a result, academicians dominated technological activities in France (Conner, 2005, p. 385). The Academy proceedings were published under the name Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1835–1965). The Comptes rendus is now a journal series with seven titles. The publications can be found on site of the French National Library.

In 1818 the French Academy of Sciences launched a competition to explain the properties of light. The civil engineer Augustin-Jean Fresnel entered this competition by submitting a new wave theory of light.^[4] Siméon Denis Poisson, one of the members of the judging committee, studied Fresnel's theory in detail. Being a supporter of the particle-theory of light, he looked for a way to disprove it. Poisson thought that he had found a flaw when he argued that a consequence of Fresnel's theory was that there would exist an on-axis bright spot in the shadow of a circular obstacle, where there should be complete darkness according to the particle-theory of light. The Poisson spot is not easily observed in every-day situations, so it was only natural for Poisson to interpret it as an absurd result and that it should disprove Fresnel's theory. However, the head of the committee, Dominique-François-Jean Arago, and who incidentally later became Prime Minister of France, decided to perform the experiment in more detail. He molded a 2-mm metallic disk to a glass plate with wax.^[5] To everyone's surprise he succeeded in observing the predicted spot, which convinced most scientists of the wave-nature of light.

For three centuries women were not allowed as members of the Academy, excluding two-time Nobel Prize winner Marie Curie, Nobel winner Irène Joliot-Curie, mathematician Sophie Germain, and many other deserving women scientists. The first woman admitted as a correspondent member was a student of Curie's, Marguerite Perey, in 1962. The first female full member was Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat in 1979.

The Academy today

The Institut de France in Paris where the Academy is housed

Today the Academy is one of five academies comprising the Institut de France. Its members are elected for life. Currently there are 150 full members, 300 corresponding members, and 120 foreign associates. They are divided into two scientific groups: the Mathematical and Physical sciences and their applications and the Chemical, Biological, Geological and Medical sciences and their applications.

Medals, awards and prizes

Each year, the Academy of Sciences distributes about 80 prizes. These include:

• the Grande Médaille, awarded annually, in rotation, in the relevant disciplines of each division of the Academy, to a French or foreign scholar who has contributed to the development of science in a decisive way.
• the Lalande Prize, awarded from 1802 through 1970, for outstanding achievement in astronomy
• the Valz Prize, awarded from 1877 through 1970, to honor advances in astronomy
• the Richard Lounsbery Award, jointly with the National Academy of Sciences
• the Prix Jacques Herbrand – for mathematics and physics
• the Louis Bachelier Prize for major contributions to mathematical modeling in finance ^[6]
• the Prix Michel Montpetit for computer science and applied mathematics, awarded since 1977^[7]
• the Leconte Prize, awarded annually since 1886, to recognize important discoveries in mathematics, physics, chemistry, natural history or medicine

People of the Academy

The following are incomplete lists of the officers of the Academy. See also Category:Officers of the French Academy of Sciences.

For a list of the Academy's members past and present, see Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences

Presidents

Source: French Academy of Sciences

• 1800 Napoleon Bonaparte
• 1952 Albert Caquot
• 2001–2002 Hubert Curien
• 2003–2004 Étienne-Émile Baulieu
• 2005–2006 Édouard Brézin
• 2007–2008 Jules Hoffmann
• 2009–2010 Jean Salençon
• 2011-2012 Alain Carpentier ^[8]
• 2013–2014 Philippe Taquet

Treasurers

• ?–1788 Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
• 1788–1791 Mathieu Tillet

Permanent secretaries

• December 1666 – April 1668 Jean-Baptiste Du Hamel
• April 1668 – December 1669 Jean Gallois
• January 1670 – January 1697 Jean-Baptiste Du Hamel
• January 1697 – December 1740 Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle (nominated by the king in January 1699)
• January 1741 – August 1743 Jean-Jacques Dortous de Mairan
• September 1743 – July 1776 Jean-Paul Grandjean de Fouchy
• August 1777 – August 1793 Nicolas Caritat, marquis de Condorcet

Mathematical Sciences

• 1801–1822 Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
• 1822–1830 Joseph Fourier
• 1830–1853 François Arago
• 1853–1874 Léonce Élie de Beaumont
• 1874–1900 Joseph Bertrand
• 1900–1917 Gaston Darboux
• 1917–1942 Émile Picard
• 1942–1975 Louis de Broglie
• 1975–1996 Paul Germain
• Currently: Jean Dercourt

Physical Sciences

• 1795–1803 Bernard Germain de Lacépède
• 1803–1832 Georges Cuvier
• 1832–1833 Pierre-Louis Dulong
• 1833–1868 Pierre Flourens
• 1868–1884 Jean-Baptiste Dumas
• 1884–1886 Jules Jamin
• 1886–1887 Alfred Vulpian
• 1887–1889 Louis Pasteur
• 1889–1907 Marcelin Berthelot
• 1907 Albert de Lapparent
• 1908 Henri Becquerel
• 1908–1914 Philippe van Tieghem
• 1914–1948 Alfred Lacroix

Chemistry and Biology

• 1948–1986 Robert Courrier
• 1986–1991 Alfred Jost
• 1991–2001 François Gros
• 2001–2006 Nicole Le Douarin
• 2006-2011 Jean-François Bach
• currently Catherine Bréchignac

List of members of French Academy of Sciences

A

1. Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie
2. Serge Abiteboul
3. Anatole Abragam
4. Émile Achard
5. Michel Adanson
6. Yves Agid
7. Pierre Aigrain
8. Armand-Louis de Vignerot du Plessis d'Aiguillon
9. Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly
10. Jean le Rond d'Alembert
11. Claude Allègre
12. Zacharie Allemand
13. Jacques d'Allonville de Louville
14. Henri Louis d'Aloigny
15. Émile Hilaire Amagat
16. Christian Amatore
17. Antoine-Jean Amelot de Chaillou
18. Jean-Jacques Amelot de Chaillou
19. Guillaume Amontons
20. André-Marie Ampère
21. Paul Ancel
22. Marie Henri Andoyer
23. Antoine-François Andréossy
24. Leonid Andrussow
25. Anders Jonas Ångström
26. Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville
27. Paul Émile Appell
28. François Arago
29. Camille Arambourg
30. Jean d'Arcet
31. Jean-Pierre-Joseph d'Arcet
32. Adolphe d'Archiac
33. Emmanuel Ariès
34. Paul Ariste
35. Marc Antoine-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson
36. Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1652–1721)
37. Vladimir Arnold
38. Jacques Arsac
39. Arsène d'Arsonval
40. Alain Aspect
41. Michael Atiyah
42. John Attfield
43. Thierry Aubin
44. André Aubréville
45. Jean Victoire Audouin
46. Pierre Victor Auger
47. Adrien Auzout

B

1. Jacques Babinet
2. François Baccelli
3. Benjamin Baillaud
4. Jules Baillaud
5. Johann Ritter von Baillou
6. Jean Sylvain Bailly
7. René-Louis Baire
8. Antoine Jérôme Balard
9. Roger Balian
10. Sébastien Balibar
11. Gilbert Ballet
12. David Baltimore
13. Jean-Philippe Baratier
14. Édouard Bard
15. Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant
16. Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
17. Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière
18. Jean Barriol
19. Charles Barrois
20. René Barthélemy
21. Paul-Joseph Barthez
22. Neil Bartlett (chemist)
23. Eugène Bataillon
24. Étienne-Émile Baulieu
25. Henri Baulig
26. Antoine Baume
27. Pierre Bayen
28. Henri-Émile Bazin
29. Charles-François Beautemps-Beaupré
30. Charles-Juste de Beauvau-Craon
31. Ambroise Marie François Joseph Palisot de Beauvois
32. Klaus Bechgaard
33. Antoine César Becquerel
34. Edmond Becquerel
35. Henri Becquerel
36. Jean Becquerel
37. Dom Bédos de Celles
38. Henri Béghin
39. Auguste Béhal
40. Jean-Paul Behr
41. Giacopo Belgrado
42. Eugène Belgrand
43. Bernard Forest de Bélidor
44. Alim-Louis Benabid
45. Brooke Benjamin
46. Alain Bensoussan
47. Seymour Benzer
48. Paul Berg
49. André Berger
50. Marcel Berger
51. Sune Bergström
52. Claude Bernard
53. Jean Bernard (physician)
54. Jacob I Bernoulli
55. Johann II Bernoulli
56. Claude Berrou
57. Gérard Berry
58. Paul Bert
59. Daniel Berthelot
60. Pierre Eugène Marcellin Berthelot
61. Pierre Berthier
62. Claude Louis Berthollet
63. Alain Berthoz
64. Louis-Émile Bertin
65. Henri Léonard Jean Baptiste Bertin
66. Gabriel Bertrand
67. Joseph Bertrand
68. Léon Bertrand (geologist)
69. Marcel Alexandre Bertrand
70. Jöns Jacob Berzelius
71. Friedrich Bessel
72. Marcel Bessis
73. Henry Bessemer
74. Joseph Bethenod
75. François Sulpice Beudant
76. Étienne Bézout
77. Francesco Bianchini
78. Irénée-Jules Bienaymé
79. Jérôme Bignon de Blanzy
80. Jean-Paul Bignon
81. Guillaume Bigourdan
82. Albert Bijaoui
83. Jacques Philippe Marie Binet
84. Léon Binet
85. Jean-Baptiste Biot
86. Raphaël Bischoffsheim
87. Jean-Michel Bismut
88. Joseph Black
89. Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
90. Jacques Blamont
91. Émile Blanchard
92. Louis Blaringhem
93. Brebis Bleaney
94. Nicolaas Bloembergen
95. André Blondel
96. François Blondel
97. Jean Baptiste Gaspard Bochart de Saron
98. David Mervyn Blow
99. Herman Boerhaave
100. Enrico Bombieri
101. Roland Bonaparte
102. Pierre-Ossian Bonnet
103. Gaston Bonnier
104. Jean-Charles de Borda
105. Christian Bordé
106. Armand Borel
107. Émile Borel
108. Jean-Baptiste Édouard Bornet
109. Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent
110. Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc
111. Charles Bossut
112. Raoul Bott
113. Charles Jacques Bouchard (pathologist)
114. Hélène Bouchiat
115. Marie-Anne Bouchiat
116. Alain-Michel Boudet
117. Louis Antoine de Bougainville
118. Pierre Bouguer
119. Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud
120. Pol Bouin
121. Henri Marie Bouley
122. Anatole Bouquet de La Grye
123. Jean-Claude Bouquet
124. Jacques Bourcart
125. Louis-Claude Bourdelin
126. Édouard Boureau
127. Jean Bourgain
128. Robert Bourgeois (general)
129. Claude Bourgelat
130. Jean-François de Bourgoing
131. Joseph Valentin Boussinesq
132. Jean-Baptiste Boussingault
133. Edmond Bouty
134. Alexis Bouvard
135. Eugène Louis Bouvier
136. Daniel Bovet
137. Alexis Boyer
138. Jean-François Boyer
139. Louis-Léon de Brancas
140. Édouard Branly
141. Pierre Braunstein
142. Auguste Bravais
143. Yves Bréchet
144. Catherine Bréchignac
145. Abraham-Louis Breguet
146. Louis-François-Clement Breguet
147. Sydney Brenner
148. Jacques Antoine Charles Bresse
149. Jules-Louis Breton
150. David Brewster
151. Édouard Brézin
152. Haïm Brezis
153. Marcel Brillouin
154. Mathurin Jacques Brisson
155. André-Jean-François-Marie Brochant de Villiers
156. Louis de Broglie
157. Maurice de Broglie
158. Adolphe Brongniart
159. Alexandre Brongniart
160. Jean Brossel
161. Paul Brouardel
162. Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet
163. Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard
164. François Bruhat
165. Jean-Nicolas Buache
166. Philippe Buache
167. Margaret Buckingham
168. Jean Baptiste Michel Bucquet
169. Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
170. Huy Duong Bui
171. Robert Bunsen
172. Jacques Buot
173. Johann Karl Burckhardt
174. Denis Parsons Burkitt
175. Claude Burdin
176. Édouard Bureau
177. Pierre Buser
178. Antoine Bussy
179. Louis de Bussy
180. Adolf Butenandt

C

1. Bernard Cabane
2. Henri Cabannes
3. Jean Cabannes
4. Michel Caboche
5. Blas Cabrera
6. Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt
7. Charles Cagniard de Latour
8. Auguste André Thomas Cahours
9. Louis Paul Cailletet
10. Octave Callandreau
11. Albert Calmette
12. Charles Camichel
13. Petrus Camper
14. Charles Étienne Louis Camus
15. Francois-Joseph de Camus
16. Sébastien Candel
17. Augustin Pyrame de Candolle
18. André Capron (physician)
19. Albert Caquot
20. Lennart Carleson
21. Lazare Carnot
22. Marie-Adolphe Carnot
23. Edgardo D. Carosella
24. Alain Carpentier
25. Jules Carpentier
26. Louis Carré (mathematician)
27. Élie Cartan
28. Henri Cartan
29. César-François Cassini de Thury
30. Dominique, comte de Cassini
31. Giovanni Domenico Cassini
32. Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini
33. Jacques Cassini
34. Raimond Castaing
35. Charles Eugène Gabriel de La Croix de Castries
36. Augustin-Louis Cauchy
37. André Cauderon
38. Maurice Caullery
39. Henri Jacques Nompar de Caumont
40. Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
41. Lucien Cayeux
42. Roger Cayrel
43. Anny Cazenave
44. Jacques Philippe Martin Cels
45. Carlo Cercignani
46. Giuseppe Raimondo de Cesàro
47. Catherine Cesarsky
48. Joseph Bernard de Chabert
49. Philibert Chabert
50. Ernst Boris Chain
51. William Gilbert Chaloner
52. Pierre Chambon
53. François Jules Hilaire Chambrelent
54. Georges Champetier
55. Christian Champy
56. Gustave Charles Bonaventure Chancel
57. Jean-Pierre Changeux
58. Jean Chanorier
59. Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche
60. Jean-Antoine Chaptal
61. Moyse Charas
62. Jean-Baptiste Charcot
63. Jean-Martin Charcot
64. Hilaire de Chardonnet
65. Jacques Charles
66. Gaston Charlot
67. Georges Charpak
68. Georges Charpy
69. Michel Chasles
70. Gaspard Adolphe Chatin
71. Joannes Charles Melchior Chatin
72. Auguste Chauveau
73. Yves Chauvin
74. Jean Chazy
75. Pafnuty Chebyshev
76. Shiing-Shen Chern
77. Auguste Chevalier (botanist)
78. Eugène Chevandier de Valdrome
79. Pierre Chevenard
80. Michel Eugène Chevreul
81. Pierre Chirac
82. Robert Hippolyte Chodat
83. César Gabriel de Choiseul-Praslin
84. Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Chomel
85. Pyotr Chikhachyov
86. Daniel Choquet
87. Gustave Choquet
88. Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat
89. Joanne Chory
90. Claude-Henri Chouard
91. Philippe G. Ciarlet
92. André Chrétien
93. François Chicoyneau
94. Alexis Claude Clairaut
95. Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron
96. Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu
97. Marc Antoine Louis Claret de La Tourrette
98. Claude Debru
99. Georges Claude
100. Jules Germain Cloquet
101. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
102. Ferdinand Julius Cohn
103. Jean-Baptiste Colbert de Torcy
104. Henri Colin (priest)
105. Michel Combarnous
106. Alain Colmerauer
107. Charles Combes
108. Claude Combes
109. Françoise Combes
110. Marquis de Condorcet
111. Alain Connes
112. Yves Coppens
113. Louis Cordier
114. Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis
115. Marie Alfred Cornu
116. Raymond Cornubert
117. Pierre Corvol
118. Suzanne Cory
119. Pascale Cossart
120. Eugène Cosserat
121. Ernest Cosson
122. Julien Noël Costantin
123. Jacques Marie Cyprien Victor Coste
124. Aimé Cotton
125. Frank Albert Cotton
126. André Couder
127. Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
128. Jean Coulomb
129. Robert Courrier
130. François-César Le Tellier de Courtanvaux
131. Georges Courtès (astronomer)
132. Vincent Courtillot
133. Marin Cureau de La Chambre
134. Claude Antoine Couplet
135. Pierre Couplet
136. Francis Crick
137. Pierre Curie
138. Hubert Curien
139. Frédéric Cuvier
140. Georges Cuvier

D

1. Louis Daguerre
2. Count Patrick D'Arcy
3. Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly
4. Jean Dalibard
5. Marie-Charles-Théodore de Damoiseau de Montfort
6. Thibault Damour
7. Antoine Danchin
8. Pierre Dangeard
9. Pierre Augustin Dangeard
10. Philippe de Courcillon de Dangeau
11. André Danjon
12. Jean Gaston Darboux
13. Eugène Darmois
14. Georges Darmois
15. Georges Jean Marie Darrieus
16. Pierre Daru
17. Darius Paul Dassault
18. Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton
19. Gabriel Auguste Daubrée
20. Raymond Daudel
21. Jean Dausset
22. Robert Dautray
23. Michel Davier
24. William Morris Davis
25. Jules Henri Debray
26. Robert Debré
27. Gérard Debreu
28. Joseph Decaisne
29. Henri Décamps
30. Bernard Decaux
31. Richard Dedekind
32. Christian de Duve
33. Georges Deflandre
34. Charles De Geer
35. Ennio De Giorgi
36. Stanislas Dehaene
37. Pierre Paul Dehérain
38. Anne Dejean-Assémat
39. Yves Delage
40. Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
41. Charles-Eugène Delaunay
42. Max Delbrück
43. Marcel Delépine
44. Achille Delesse
45. Benjamin Delessert
46. François-Marie Delessert
47. Charles Delezenne
48. Jean Delhaye
49. Pierre Deligne
50. Guillaume Delisle
51. Joseph-Nicolas Delisle
52. Jean-André Deluc
53. Jean-Pierre Demailly
54. Anatoly Nikolaievich Demidov
55. Albert Demolon
56. Jean Dénarié
57. Jean-François Denisse
58. Arnaud Denjoy
59. Antoine Deparcieux (1703-1768)
60. Charles Depéret
61. Marcel Deprez
62. Bernard Derrida
63. Jean Dercourt
64. Peter Dervan
65. Paul-Quentin Desains
66. Alfred Des Cloizeaux
67. René Louiche Desfontaines
68. René-Nicolas Dufriche Desgenettes
69. Alexandre Desgrez
70. Henri Deslandres
71. Pierre Deslongchamps
72. Nicolas Desmarest
73. Charles-Bernard Desormes
74. César-Mansuète Despretz
75. Nicolas Deyeux
76. Jean Dieudonné
77. Achille Pierre Dionis du Séjour
78. Alfred Ditte
79. Philbert Maurice d'Ocagne
80. Denis Dodart
81. Wolfgang Doeblin
82. Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu
83. Simon Donaldson
84. Franciscus Cornelis Donders
85. David Donoho
86. Joseph L. Doob
87. Jean Dorst
88. Urbain Dortet de Tessan
89. Jean-Jacques Dortous de Mairan
90. Paul Dorveaux
91. Adrien Douady
92. François-Joseph Double
93. James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton
94. Joseph Henri Ferdinand Douvillé
95. Jules Drach
96. Charles Stark Draper
97. Reinhart Dozy
98. Charles François de Cisternay du Fay
99. Jean-Baptiste du Hamel
100. Joseph-Guichard Du Verney
101. Guillaume Dubois
102. Charles Dubost (surgeon)
103. Denis Duboule
104. Émile Duclaux
105. Jacques Duclaux
106. Jean Dufay
107. Michel Duflo
108. Charles Dufraisse
109. Armand Dufrénoy
110. René-Nicolas Dufriche Desgenettes
111. Pierre Dugac
112. Antoine Louis Dugès
113. Jean-Marie Duhamel
114. Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau
115. Henri Dulac
116. Pierre Louis Dulong
117. Jean-Baptiste Dumas
118. André Marie Constant Duméril
119. Auguste Duméril
120. Louis Isidore Duperrey
121. Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars
122. Charles Dupin
123. Gaston Dupouy
124. Henri Dupuy de Lôme
125. Guillaume Dupuytren
126. Michel Durand-Delga
127. Henri Dutrochet
128. Jacques-François-Marie Duverney
129. Pierre Duverney
130. Georges Louis Duvernoy
131. Freeman Dyson

E

1. Thomas Ebbesen
2. Gerald Edelman
3. Sam Edwards (physicist)
4. Jean-Marc Egly
5. Manfred Eigen
6. Georg Christoph Eimmart
7. Léonce Élie de Beaumont
8. Ebenezer Emmons
9. Pierre Encrenaz
10. Anne Ephrussi
11. Ernest Esclangon
12. Robert Esnault-Pelterie
13. Victor Marie d'Estrées
14. Leonhard Euler

F

1. Charles Fabry
2. Ludvig Faddeev
3. Guy-Crescent Fagon
4. Paul Fallot
5. Thomas Fantet de Lagny
6. Michael Faraday
7. Olivier Faugeras
8. Pierre Faurre
9. Idelphonse Favé
10. Alexandre Favre
11. Pierre-Antoine Favre
12. Hervé Faye
13. Gaston Fayet
14. Pierre Fayet
15. Charles Fehrenbach (astronomer)
16. Gérard Férey
17. Antoine Ferrein
18. Gustave-Auguste Ferrié
19. Albert Fert
20. Carlos Chagas Filho
21. Henri Filhol
22. Gilles Filleau des Billettes
23. Mathias Fink
24. Alain Fischer
25. Hippolyte Fizeau
26. Philippe Flajolet
27. Patrick Flandrin
28. André Hercule de Fleury
29. Paul Fliche
30. Michel Fliess
31. Jean Pierre Flourens
32. Ferdinand Foch
33. Alexis Fontaine des Bertins
34. Jean-Marc Fontaine
35. Maurice Fontaine (biologist)
36. Marc Fontecave
37. Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle
38. François Véron Duverger de Forbonnais
39. Léon Foucault
40. Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy
41. Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier
42. Auguste Denis Fougeroux de Bondaroy
43. Ferdinand André Fouqué
44. Louis-Benjamin Francœur
45. Jean Fréchet
46. René Maurice Fréchet
47. Claude Fréjacques
48. Edmond Frémy
49. Bernard Frénicle de Bessy
50. Augustin-Jean Fresnel
51. Louis Claude de Saulces de Freycinet
52. Amédée-François Frézier
53. Charles Friedel
54. Jacques Friedel
55. Uriel Frisch

G

1. Pierre Gabriel
2. Jean Gallois
3. François Alexandre Pierre de Garsault
4. Henri Gambey
5. René Garnier
6. Adrien de Gasparin
7. Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré
8. Albert Gaudry
9. Roger Jean Gautheret
10. Armand Gautier (chemist)
11. Claude Gay
12. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
13. Louis Gayant
14. Ulysse Gayon
15. Walter Jakob Gehring
16. Israel Gelfand
17. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
18. Louis Gentil
19. Reinhard Genzel
20. Augustin Saint-Hilaire
21. Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
22. Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
23. Claude-Joseph Geoffroy
24. Étienne-François Geoffroy
25. Paul Germain (scientist)
26. Paul Gervais (zoologist)
27. Étienne Ghys
28. Fabiola Gianotti
29. Alfred Mathieu Giard
30. Martin Gibbs
31. Maurice Gignoux
32. François Gigot de Lapeyronie
33. François-Hilaire Gilbert
34. Jean-Yves Girard
35. Pierre-Simon Girard
36. Justin Girod-Chantrans
37. Jacques Glowinski
38. Roland Glowinski
39. Jean Godin des Odonais
40. Louis Godin
41. Dominique Alexandre Godron
42. André Goffeau
43. Marcel Golay (astronomer)
44. Marcel J. E. Golay (mathematician)
45. Maurice Goldman
46. Jean Ogier de Gombauld
47. John B. Goodenough
48. Pierre de Gorsse
49. Jules Gosselet
50. Léon Athanese Gosselin
51. André Gougenheim
52. Édouard Goursat
53. Louis Georges Gouy
54. Thomas Gouye
55. Arnaud de Gramont (1861-1923)
56. Armand de Gramont (1879-1962)
57. François Cyrille Grand'Eury
58. Alfred Grandidier
59. Jean-Paul Grandjean de Fouchy
60. Pierre-Paul Grassé
61. Charles Joseph Gravier
62. Howard Green (physician)
63. Alfred George Greenhill
64. Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov
65. Victor Grignard
66. Édouard Grimaux
67. Pierre Grivet
68. François Gros (biologist)
69. Jean Grosse
70. Marianne Grunberg-Manago
71. Jean-Paul de Gua de Malves
72. Jean-Étienne Guettard
73. Claude Guichard (mathematician)
74. Chrétien-Louis-Joseph de Guignes
75. Georges Guillain (neurologist)
76. Roger Guillemin
77. Jean-Pierre-François Guillot-Duhamel
78. André Guinier
79. Philibert Guinier
80. John Gurdon
81. Camille Gutton
82. Jean Casimir Félix Guyon
83. Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau

H

1. Jean Nicolas Pierre Hachette
2. Louis Hackspill (academician)
3. Jacques Hadamard
4. Johann Kaspar Hagenbuch
5. Paul Hagenmuller
6. Erwin Hahn
7. George Ellery Hale
8. Stephen Hales
9. Michel Haïssaguerre
10. James Hall (paleontologist)
11. Jean Noël Hallé
12. Albin Haller
13. Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein
14. Bernard Halpern
15. Georges Henri Halphen
16. Victor Hambartsumian
17. Jean Hamburger
18. Maurice Hamy
19. Theodor W. Hänsch
20. Serge Haroche
21. Godfrey Harold Hardy
22. Nicolaas Hartsoeker
23. Julien Haton de La Goupillière
24. Émile Haug
25. Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann
26. Paul Hautefeuille
27. René Just Haüy
28. Edmond Hébert
29. Paul Helbronner
30. Claude-Adrien Helvétius
31. Louis-Félix Henneguy
32. Frère Héribaud-Joseph
33. Louis-Étienne Héricart de Thury
34. Michael Herman (mathematician)
35. Jakob Hermann
36. Charles Hermite
37. Antoine-Marie Héron de Villefossev
38. Jean-Marie Heurtault de Lammerville
39. Corneille Heymans
40. Gustave-Adolphe Hirn
41. Heisuke Hironaka
42. Friedrich Hirzebruch
43. Jules A. Hoffmann
44. Wilhelm Homberg
45. Xavier Hommaire de Hell
46. Gerard 't Hooft
47. Camille d'Hostun
48. Jacques-Julien Houtou de La Billardière
49. Auguste Houzeau
50. Francis Clark Howell
51. François Huber
52. Jean-Baptiste Hubert
53. Gérard Huet
54. François-Joseph Hunauld
55. Henri Jean Humbert
56. Georges Humbert
57. Alexander von Humboldt
58. Christiaan Huygens
59. Jean-Baptiste Huzard

I

1. Jean Ichbiah
2. Christian Ludwig Ideler
3. John Iliopoulos
4. Édouard Imbeaux
5. Antoine-Tristan Danty d'Isnard
6. Gérard Iooss
7. Kiyosi Itô
8. James Ivory (mathematician)

J

1. François Jacob
2. Maurice Jacob
3. Hervé Jacquet
4. Pierre Jacquinot
5. Jules Jamin
6. Edward Janczewski
7. Paul Janet (physicist)
8. Maurice-Marie Janot
9. Jules Janssen
10. Gabriel Jars
11. Erik Jarvik
12. Hippolyte François Jaubert
13. André Jaumotte
14. Claude Jaupart
15. Maurice Javillier
16. Marc Jeannerod
17. Edme-Sébastien Jeaurat
18. Antoine-Joseph Jobert de Lamballe
19. Niels Kaj Jerne
20. Pierre Jolibois
21. Frédéric Joliot-Curie
22. Pierre Joliot-Curie
23. Nicolas Joly (zoologist)
24. Camille Jordan
25. Alfred Jost
26. Louis Joubin
27. Émile Jouguet
28. Michel Jouvet
29. Gaston Julia
30. Marc Julia
31. Edmond Jurien de La Gravière
32. Adrien-Henri de Jussieu
33. Antoine de Jussieu
34. Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
35. Bernard de Jussieu
36. Joseph de Jussieu

K

1. Fotis Kafatos
2. Henri B. Kagan
3. Jean-Pierre Kahane
4. Axel Kahn
5. Gilles Kahn
6. Olivier Kahn
7. Rudolf E. Kalman
8. Eric Kandel
9. Daniel Kaplan
10. Henry Seymour Kaplan
11. Richard M. Karp
12. Éric Karsenti
13. Masaki Kashiwara
14. Alfred Kastler
15. Ephraim Katzir
16. Friedrich Kick
17. Brigitte Kieffer
18. Wilfrid Kilian
19. Sergiu Klainerman
20. Daniel Kleppner
21. Aaron Klug
22. Ernst Knobil
23. Paul Knochel
24. Donald Knuth
25. Gabriel Koenigs
26. Andrey Kolmogorov
27. Johann Samuel König
28. Maxim Kontsevich
29. Jean-Louis Koszul
30. Vladimir Mikhaïlovitch Kotlyakov
31. Philippe Kourilsky
32. Jean Kovalevsky
33. Vladimír Krajina
34. Christian Kramp
35. Julius Kühn
36. Ernst Kummer
37. Carl Sigismund Kunth

L

1. Aymar de La Baume Pluvinel
2. Charles Marie de La Condamine
3. Jean-Nicolas de La Hire
4. Philippe de La Hire
5. Louis Alexandre de La Rochefoucauld d'Enville
6. François XII de La Rochefoucauld
7. Antoine Émile Henry Labeyrie
8. Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille
9. Antoine Lacassagne
10. Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers
11. Bernard Germain de Lacépède
12. Alfred Antoine François Lacroix
13. Sylvestre-François Lacroix
14. Laurent Lafforgue
15. Philippe-Étienne Lafosse
16. Anne-Marie Lagrange
17. Joseph-Louis Lagrange
18. Edmond Laguerre
19. Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande
20. Michel Lefrançois de Lalande
21. Léon Lalanne
22. André Lallemand
23. Charles Lallemand (geophysicist)
24. Jean-Yves Lallemand
25. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
26. Kurt Lambeck
27. William Lambton
28. Gabriel Lamé
29. Jean Vincent Félix Lamouroux
30. Louis Landouzy
31. Paul Langevin
32. Odilon Lannelongue
33. Louis Lapicque
34. Pierre-Simon Laplace
35. Yves Laporte
36. Albert de Lapparent
37. Charles-Louis Largeteau
38. Dominique-Jean Larrey
39. Jacques Laskar
40. Joseph-Marie-François de Lassone
41. Raymond Latarjet
42. Pierre André Latreille
43. Maxime Laubeuf
44. Lucien Laubier
45. Charles Laubry (physician)
46. Stanislas Laugier
47. Gérard Laumon
48. Louis de Launay
49. Aimé Laussedat
50. Guy Laval
51. Alphonse Laveran
52. Antoine Lavoisier
53. Sandra Lavorel
54. John Law de Lauriston
55. Peter Lax
56. Michel Lazdunski
57. Guy Lazorthes
58. Joseph Achille Le Bel
59. Denis Le Bihan
60. Henry Le Chatelier
61. Nicole Marthe Le Douarin
62. Philippe Gustave le Doulcet, comte de Pontécoulant
63. Jean Le Fèvre (astronomer)
64. Gérard Le Fur
65. Jean-François Le Gall
66. Guillaume Le Gentil
67. Henry Léauté
68. Paul Lebeau
69. Henri-Léon Lebesgue
70. Maurice Leblanc (engineer)
71. Jean-Baptiste Leblond
72. Emmanuel Leclainche
73. Albert Mathieu Leclerc du Sablon
74. Paul Henri Lecomte
75. Léon Lecornu
76. Edgar Lederer
77. Louis Lefèvre‑Gineau
78. Adrien-Marie Legendre
79. Jean-Pierre Lehman
80. Jean-Marie Lehn
81. Pierre Lelong
82. Louis Lémery
83. Nicolas Lémery
84. Clément Georges Lemoine
85. Louis Guillaume Le Monnier
86. Pierre Charles Le Monnier
87. Pierre Lemonnier (mathematician)
88. Pierre Léna
89. Joseph Lepaute Dagelet
90. Michel Robert Le Peletier des Forts
91. Pierre Lépine
92. Louis Leprince-Ringuet
93. Xavier Le Pichon
94. Jean Leray
95. René Leriche
96. François-Xavier Lesbre
97. Marcel Lesieur
98. Ferdinand de Lesseps
99. Tullio Levi-Civita
100. Charles Le Roy
101. Jean-Baptiste Le Roy
102. Pierre Le Roy
103. Camille Le Tellier de Louvois
104. Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil
105. Hervé Le Treut
106. Rita Levi-Montalcini
107. Pierre Lévêque (scientist)
108. Auguste Michel-Lévy
109. Maurice Lévy (mathematician)
110. Paul Lévy (mathematician)
111. Alexandre Félix Gustave Achille Leymérie
112. Urbain Le Verrier
113. Anders Johan Lexell
114. Guillaume François Antoine de l'Hôpital
115. Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle
116. Albert J. Libchaber
117. Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja
118. Émile Licent
119. André Lichnerowicz
120. Sophus Lie
121. Joseph Lieutaud
122. James Lighthill
123. Carl Linnaeus
124. Jacques-Louis Lions
125. Pierre-Louis Lions
126. Joseph Liouville
127. Gabriel Lippmann
128. Fyodor Litke
129. Alexis Littré
130. Jacques Livage
131. Rodolfo Llinás
132. Maurice Loewy
133. Étienne-Charles de Loménie de Brienne
134. Claude Lorius
135. Auguste-Louis Loubatières
136. Antoine Louis
137. Johann von Löwenstern-Kunckel
138. René Lucas
139. Just Lucas-Championnière
140. Carl Ludwig (psychologist)
141. Auguste and Louis Lumière
142. Henry de Lumley
143. Paul d'Albert de Luynes
144. André Michel Lwoff
145. Bernard Lyot

M

1. Odile Macchi
2. Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville
3. Pierre Joseph Macquer
4. François Magendie
5. Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes
6. Pierre Magnol
7. Heinrich Gustav Magnus
8. Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
9. Pedro Vicente Maldonado
10. Ernest Maindron
11. Lucien Malavard
12. Nicolas Malebranche
13. Nicolas de Malézieu
14. Bernard Malgrange
15. François Ernest Mallard
16. Edmond Malinvaud
17. Bernard Malissen
18. Paul Malliavin
19. Paul-Jacques Malouin
20. Étienne-Louis Malus
21. Jean-Louis Mandel
22. Szolem Mandelbrojt
23. Eustachio Manfredi
24. Louis Mangin
25. Yuri Manin
26. Daniel Mansuy
27. Giacomo Filippo Maraldi
28. Giovanni Domenico Maraldi
29. Jean Marchant
30. Gury Ivanovich Marchuk
31. André Maréchal
32. Étienne-Jules Marey
33. Emmanuel Marie Pierre Martin Jacquin de Margerie
34. Edme Mariotte
35. Auguste-Frédéric-Louis Viesse de Marmont
36. André Martin (physicist)
37. Louis Martin (physician)
38. Emmanuel de Martonne
39. Martin van Marum
40. Éleuthère Mascart
41. Nevil Maskelyne
42. Claude-Louis Mathieu
43. Camille Matignon
44. Charles-Victor Mauguin
45. Pierre Louis Maupertuis
46. Victor Mauvais
47. Michel Mayor
48. Ernst Mayr
49. Cyrus McCormick
50. Pierre Méchain
51. Gérard Mégie
52. Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Elder
53. Macedonio Melloni
54. Matthew Meselson
55. Félix Mesnil
56. Charles Messier
57. Charles Maurain
58. Jean-Baptiste Marie Meusnier de La Place
59. Paul-André Meyer
60. Yves Meyer
61. Elliot Meyerowitz
62. Louis Michel (physicist)
63. Robert Andrews Millikan
64. Henri Milloux
65. Alphonse Milne-Edwards
66. Henri Milne-Edwards
67. Robin Milner
68. Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel
69. Maryam Mirzakhani
70. Eilhard Mitscherlich
71. Gösta Mittag-Leffler
72. Hugo von Mohl
73. Abraham de Moivre
74. Keith Moffatt
75. Henri Moissan
76. Théodose Du Moncel
77. Henri Mondor
78. Gaspard Monge
79. Jean-André Mongez
80. Roger Monier
81. Théodore Monod
82. Camille Montagne
83. Luc Montagnier
84. Étienne Mignot de Montigny
85. Marc-René de Montalembert (1714-1800)
86. Paul Montel (mathematician)
87. Montgolfier brothers
88. Pierre Raymond de Montmort
89. Étienne Mignot de Montigny
90. Jean-Étienne Montucla
91. Alfred Moquin-Tandon
92. Sauveur François Morand
93. Dino Moras
94. Jean-Pierre Morat
95. Alessandro Morbidelli (astronomer)
96. Jean Moreau de Séchelles
97. Charles-Gilbert Morel de Vindé
98. François Morel (biologist)
99. Giovanni Battista Morgagni
100. W. Jason Morgan
101. Arthur Morin
102. Jürgen Moser
103. Amédée Ernest Mouchez
104. Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle
105. Charles Moureu
106. Gustave Moussu
107. Teruaki Mukaiyama
108. Otto Friedrich Müller
109. Ferdinand von Müller
110. Ernest Munier-Chalmas
111. Arnold Munnich
112. Roderick Murchison
113. James D. Murray
114. Pieter Van Musschenbroek

N

1. Napoleon
2. Giulio Natta
3. Claude-Louis Navier
4. Louis Néel
5. Robert Nègre
6. Auguste Nélaton
7. Franz Ernst Neumann
8. Ngô Bảo Châu
9. Miguel Nicolelis
10. François Nicole (mathematician)
11. Charles Nicolle
12. Louis Nirenberg
13. Yasutomi Nishizuka
14. Maurice Nivat
15. Jean de Noailles
16. Jean Antoine Nollet
17. Gustav Nossal
18. W. Albert Noyes Jr.
19. Philippe Nozières
20. Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard

O

1. Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers
2. Guillaume-Antoine Olivier
3. Jean-Baptiste Julien d'Omalius
4. Satoshi Ōmura
5. Jean Orcel
6. Gérard Orth
7. Ernst-Wilhelm Otten
8. Mikhail Ostrogradsky
9. Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans
10. Guy Ourisson
11. Richard Owen
12. Jacques Ozanam
13. Paul Ozenda

P

1. Svante Pääbo
2. Paul Painlevé
3. Pierre Bernard Palassou
4. Hans Pallmann
5. Jacob Palis
6. Ambroise Marie François Joseph Palisot de Beauvois
7. Antoine Parent
8. Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky
9. Denis Papin
10. François-Edmond Pâris
11. Jean Édouard Gabriel Narcisse Paris
12. Giorgio Parisi
13. George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield
14. Antoine Parmentier
15. Hippolyte Parodi
16. Paul Pascal
17. Antoine François Passy
18. Louis Pasteur
19. Renaud Paulian
20. Linus Pauling
21. Ivan Pavlov
22. Anselme Payen
23. Jean-Baptiste Payer
24. Jean-Claude Pecker
25. Jean Pecquet
26. Rudolf Peierls
27. Philippe-Jean Pelletan
28. Bertrand Pelletier
29. Pierre Joseph Pelletier
30. Pedro II of Brazil
31. Théophile-Jules Pelouze
32. Paul Pelseneer
33. Pierre-François Percy
34. Jean-Marie Pérès
35. Joseph Pérès
36. Marguerite Perey
37. Claude Perrault
38. François Perrier
39. Francis Perrin
40. Jean Baptiste Perrin
41. Jean-Rodolphe Perronet
42. Max Perutz
43. Peter the Great
44. Richard Peto
45. Antoine Petit
46. Christine Petit
47. François Pourfour du Petit
48. Jean-Louis Petit (anatomist)
49. Ivan Peychès
50. Bernhard Peyer
51. Johann Friedrich Pfaff
52. Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux de Maurepas
53. Louis Phélypeaux de Saint-Florentin
54. Édouard Phillips
55. Alfred Maurice Picard
56. Émile Picard
57. Jean Picard
58. Emilio Picasso
59. Bernard Picinbono
60. Nathaniel Pigott
61. Philippe Pinel
62. Alexandre Guy Pingré
63. Guillaume Piobert
64. Olivier Pironneau
65. Gilles Pisier
66. Pierre Joseph Aimé Pissis
67. Henri Pitot
68. Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
69. Jean Piveteau
70. Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana
71. Lucien Plantefol
72. Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt
73. Henri Poincaré
74. Louis Poinsot
75. Jean-Paul Poirier
76. Siméon Denis Poisson
77. Pierre-Isaac Poissonnier
78. Giovanni Poleni
79. Melchior de Polignac
80. Alexander Markovich Polyakov
81. Yves Pomeau
82. Jean-Victor Poncelet
83. John Pond
84. Maurice Ponte
85. Antoine Portal
86. Éric Postaire
87. Pierre Potain
88. Laurent Pothenot
89. Alfred Potier
90. Pierre Potier
91. Michel Pouchard
92. Claude Pouillet
93. Robert Pound
94. Frank Press
95. Constant Prévost
96. Joseph Privat de Molières
97. Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Prjanischnikow
98. Alain Prochiantz
99. Gaspard de Prony
100. Jacques Prost
101. Joseph Louis Proust
102. Jean-Michel Provençal
103. Victor Prunelle
104. Pierre Pruvost
105. Jean-Loup Puget
106. Pierre Puiseux
107. Victor Puiseux
108. Louis Puissant
109. Bernard Pullman
110. Mihajlo Pupin
111. Jan Evangelista Purkyně
112. Marc-Antoine Puvis

Q

1. Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau
2. Denis-Bernard Quatremère d'Isjonval
3. Yves Quéré
4. François Quesnay
5. Jean René Constant Quoy

R

1. Michael Rabin
2. Charles Rabut
3. Emil Racoviță
4. Rodolphe Radau
5. Miroslav Radman
6. Gaston Ramon
7. Louis Ramond de Carbonnières
8. Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.
9. Louis-Antoine Ranvier
10. François-Marie Raoult
11. Auguste Rateau
12. Bernard Raveau
13. Pierre François Olive Rayer
14. Michel Raynaud
15. René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
16. Paul-Henri Rebut
17. Pierre-Sylvain Régis
18. Henri Victor Regnault
19. Jules Reiset
20. Bernard Renau d'Eliçagaray
21. Michel-Louis Reneaulme de Lagaranne
22. Charles-René Reynaud
23. Aimé-Henry Résal
24. Gustaf Retzius
25. Dimitri Riabouchinsky
26. Pascal Ribéreau-Gayon
27. James R. Rice
28. Alexander Rich
29. Achille Richard
30. Louis Claude Richard
31. Alfred Richet
32. Charles Richet
33. Andrés Manuel del Río
34. Giacomo Rizzolatti
35. Gilles Personne de Roberval
36. Charles Philippe Robin
37. Robert Robinson
38. Pierre-Jean Robiquet
39. Alexis-Marie de Rochon
40. Herbert W. Roesky
41. Joseph Rogniat
42. Michel Rohmer
43. Michel Rolle
44. Barbara Romanowicz
45. Ole Christensen Rømer
46. Bernard Roques
47. Julius Rosenbaum
48. François Étienne de Rosily-Mesros
49. Élisabeth Rossel
50. Jean Rossier
51. Émile Roubaud
52. Marcel Roubault
53. Eugène Rouché
54. Guillaume-François Rouelle
55. Hilaire-Marin Rouelle
56. Emmanuel de Rougé
57. Jean-Baptiste Rougier de La Bergerie
58. François Désiré Roulin
59. Albin Roussin
60. Gustave Roussy
61. Didier Roux
62. Pierre Paul Émile Roux
63. Philibert Joseph Roux
64. Jean Rouxel
65. François Rozier
66. David Ruelle
67. Jacques Ruffié
68. Henry Norris Russell
69. Ernest Rutherford
70. Frederik Ruysch

S

1. Paul Sabatier
2. Raphaël Bienvenu Sabatier
3. José-Alain Sahel
4. Laure Saint-Raymond
5. Bertrand Saint-Sernin
6. Charles Sainte-Claire Deville
7. Henri Sainte-Claire Deville
8. Andrei Sakharov
9. Jean Salençon
10. Bengt I. Samuelsson
11. Évariste Sanchez-Palencia
12. António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches
13. Jacques-Noël Sané
14. Frederick Sanger
15. Philippe Sansonetti
16. Gaston de Saporta
17. Émile Sarrau
18. Joseph Saurin
19. Philippe Sautet
20. Jean-Pierre Sauvage (chemist)
21. Joseph Sauveur
22. Félix Savart
23. Félix Savary
24. Jean-Michel Savéant
25. Marie Jules César Savigny
26. Jacob Christian Schäffer
27. Évry Schatzman
28. Knut Schmidt-Nielsen
29. Christian Schönbein
30. Émile Schribaux
31. Marcel-Paul Schützenberger
32. Paul Schützenberger
33. Laurent Schwartz (mathematician)
34. Maxime Schwartz
35. William Scoresby
36. Hippolyte Sebert
37. Angelo Secchi
38. Jean Moreau de Séchelles
39. Leonid I. Sedov
40. Pierre-Armand Séguier
41. Marc Seguin
42. Eugen Seibold
43. Paul Séjourné
44. Nikolay Semyonov
45. Henri Hureau de Senarmont
46. Jean-Baptiste Senderens
47. Jean-Pierre Serre
48. Étienne Serres
49. Joseph-Alfred Serret
50. Adi Shamir
51. Manne Siegbahn
52. Wacław Sierpiński
53. Eugène Simon
54. Nicholas Sims-Williams
55. Pierre Sinaÿ
56. Yuly Shokalsky
57. Piotr Slonimski
58. Sergei Sobolev
59. Ionel Solomon
60. Susan Solomon
61. Christophe Soulé
62. Roger Stanier
63. Miloslav Stingl
64. Raymond Stora
65. Gilbert Stork
66. Carl Størmer
67. John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh
68. Erich Spitz
69. Jacques Charles François Sturm

T

1. Michel Talagrand
2. Jules Tannery
3. Paul Tapponnier (geophysicist)
4. Philippe Taquet
5. Jean-Marie Tarascon
6. Pierre Tardi
7. Andrzej Tarkowski
8. Luc Tartar
9. John Tate
10. Daniel Tauvry
11. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
12. Léon Teisserenc de Bort
13. Valentine Telegdi
14. Camille le Tellier de Louvois
15. Roger Temam
16. Jacques-René Tenon
17. Pierre-Marie Termier
18. Jean Terrasson
19. Henri-Alexandre Tessier
20. Louis Jacques Thénard
21. Émile Thellier
22. Melchisédech Thévenot
23. René Thom
24. André Thouin
25. Nicolas-Christiern de Thy de Milly
26. Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem
27. Marc Tiffeneau
28. Jean Tilho
29. Mathieu Tillet
30. Jean Tirole
31. Félix Tisserand
32. Camille Tissot
33. Jacques Tits
34. Jacques Tréfouël (chemist)
35. Leonardo Torres y Quevedo
36. Henri Tresca
37. Louis-Élisabeth de La Vergne de Tressan
38. Jean-Jacques Trillat
39. Louis Joseph Troost
40. Philibert Trudaine de Montigny
41. Daniel-Charles Trudaine
42. René Truhaut
43. Rudolf Trümpy
44. Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
45. Maurice Tubiana
46. Edmond Tulasne
47. Étienne-François Turgot
48. Raymond Turpin

U

1. Georges Urbain

V

1. Constantin Vago
2. Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant
3. Sébastien Vaillant
4. William Vainchenker
5. Achille Valenciennes
6. Jean-Baptiste-Henri de Valincour
7. Alain-Jacques Valleron
8. Jean-Florent de Vallière
9. Albert Vandel
10. Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde
11. Jean-Baptiste Van Mons
12. Pierre de Vanssay de Blavous
13. Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem
14. Pierre Varignon
15. Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban
16. Jacques Vaucanson
17. Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin
18. Alfred Velpeau
19. Gabriele Veneziano
20. Étienne Pierre Ventenat
21. Jean-René de Verdun de La Crenne
22. Aristide Auguste Stanislas Verneuil
23. Édouard de Verneuil
24. Simon de Verville
25. Ernest Vessiot
26. Pierre Viala
27. Louis Vicat
28. Félix Vicq-d'Azyr
29. Paul Marie Eugène Vieille
30. Raymond Vieussens
31. Louis-François-Armand de Vignerot du Plessis de Richelieu
32. Jacques Villain
33. Cédric Villani
34. Paul Villard
35. Henri Villat
36. Clément Adrien Vincendon-Dumoulin
37. Jean Hyacinthe Vincent
38. Jean-Didier Vincent
39. Jules Violle
40. Olivier Voinnet
41. Claire Voisin
42. Alfred Vulpian

W

1. Paul Wagner
2. Frédéric Wallerant
3. Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin
4. Eugenius Warming
5. Michael Waterman
6. James Watt
7. André Weil
8. Henri Weil
9. Pierre Weiss
10. Jean Weissenbach
11. Victor Weisskopf
12. Wendelin Werner
13. Fernand Widal
14. Rudolf Wilczek
15. Andrew Wiles
16. John R. Willis
17. Jacob Benignus Winsløw (Jacques-Bénigne Winslow)
18. Edward Witten
19. Gérard Wlérick
20. Ulrich Frédéric Woldemar, Comte de Lowendal
21. Charles Wolf (astronomer)
22. Rudolf Wolf (astronomer)
23. Christian Wolff (philosopher)
24. Étienne Wolff
25. Élie Wollman
26. Lodewijk Woltjer
27. Almroth Wright
28. Charles-Adolphe Wurtz
29. Johann Philipp von Wurzelbauer
30. Kurt Wüthrich
31. Jean Wyart

Y

1. Shinya Yamanaka
2. Jean-Christophe Yoccoz
3. Magdi Yacoub
4. Marc Yor
5. Marat Yusupov

Z

1. Anton Zeilinger
2. Hieronymus Georg Zeuthen
3. Ahmed Zewail
4. Wang Zhenyi
5. Jean Zinn-Justin

See also

• French art salons and academies
• French Geodesic Mission
• Catégorie:Membre de l'Académie des sciences (France)

Notes

1. D'Alembert, Jean Le Rond. (2007). Moak, David, ed. The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan LIbrary. pp. 54–55. Archived from the original on March 31, 2015.
2. Alder, Ken (2002), The Measure of All Things – The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error that Transformed the World, The Free Press, ISBN 0-7432-1675-X
3. Crosland 1992
4. Fresnel, A.J. (1868), OEuvres Completes 1, Paris: Imprimerie impériale
5. Fresnel, A.J. (1868), OEuvres Completes 1, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, p. 369
6. http://www.academie-sciences.fr/activite/prix/gp_natixis.htm
7. French wikipedia article; both "Monpetit" and "Montpetit" is found in Academy publications.
8. http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/liste_president.htm

References

• Crosland, Maurice P. (1992), Science Under Control: The French Academy of Sciences, 1795–1914, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-52475-X
• Stroup, Alice (1987), Royal Funding of the Parisian Académie Royale Des Sciences During the 1690s, DIANE Publishing, ISBN 0-87169-774-2
• Sturdy, David J. (1995), Science and Social Status: The Members of the Academie Des Sciences 1666–1750, Boydell & Brewer, ISBN 0-85115-395-X

External links

• Official website (French) – English-language version
• Complete listing of current members
• Notes on the Académie des Sciences from the Scholarly Societies project (includes information on the society journals)
• Search the Proceedings of the Académie des sciences in the French National Library (search item: Comptes Rendus)
• Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série 1, Mathématique in Gallica, the digital library of the BnF.