1819 in science

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The year 1819 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy and space science

• Johann Franz Encke computes the orbit of Comet Encke, identifying it as periodic.
• July 1 – Johann Georg Tralles discovers the Great Comet of 1819, (C/1819 N1). It was the first comet analyzed using polarimetry, by François Arago.

Exploration

• February 19 – Captain William Smith in British merchant brig Williams sights Williams Point, the northeast extremity of Livingston Island in the South Shetlands, the first land discovered south of latitude 60° S.
• October 15 – Desolation Island in the South Shetland Islands of the Antarctic is discovered by Captain William Smith in the Williams.
• A British Arctic expedition under William Edward Parry comprising HMS Hecla and HMS Griper reaches longitude 112°51' W in the Northwest Passage, the furthest west which will be attained by any single-season voyage for 150 years.^[1]

Geology

• The Geological Society publishes a Geological Map of England & Wales by G. B. Greenough
  

  Geological Map of England & Wales by G.B Greenough, published by the Geological Society, 1819
  to rival William Smith's famous geological map.

Medicine

• August – René Laennec publishes De l’Auscultation Médiate ou Traité du Diagnostic des Maladies des Poumons et du Coeur in Paris, describing his invention of the stethoscope.
• English physician John Bostock publishes the first account of allergic rhinitis (in himself).^[2][3][4]

Technology

• May 22 – SS Savannah leaves port at Savannah, Georgia on a voyage to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean, although only a fraction of the trip is made under steam. The ship arrives at Liverpool, England, on June 20.
• Invention of the M1819 breech-loading flintlock using interchangeable parts by Captain John H. Hall of Harpers Ferry Armory in the United States.

Institutions

• Cambridge Philosophical Society founded as a scientific society at the University of Cambridge in England.

Awards

• Copley Medal: Not awarded

Births

• May 3 (O.S. April 21) – Nikolai Annenkov (died 1889), botanist.
• June 5 – John Couch Adams (died 1892), mathematician and astronomer.
• August 13 – George Gabriel Stokes (died 1903), mathematician and physicist.
• September 18 – Léon Foucault (died 1868), physicist.
• September 23 – Hippolyte Fizeau (died 1896), physicist.

Deaths

• August 19 – James Watt (born 1736), British inventor, mechanical engineer and mathematician.
• November 22 – John Stackhouse (born 1742), English botanist.

References

1. Journal of a Voyage to Discover a North-west Passage. 1821.
2. Bostock, John. "Case of a Periodical Affection of the Eyes and Chest", presented to Medical and Chirurgical Society of London.
3. "The History of Allergy". Auckland Allergy Clinic. December 2001. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
4. Parkinson, Justin (2014-07-01). "John Bostock: The man who 'discovered' hay fever". Retrieved 2014-07-03.