1930 in science

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The year 1930 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy and space exploration

• February 18 – Pluto is identified by Clyde Tombaugh from photographs taken during January at the Lowell Observatory.
• Bernhard Schmidt invents the Schmidt Camera.^[1]

Atmospheric sciences

• January 30 – Pavel Molchanov launches a radiosonde from Pavlovsk in the Soviet Union.
• Sydney Chapman explains the ozone-oxygen cycle, the process by which ozone is continually regenerated in Earth's stratosphere.

Chemistry

• April 17 – Neoprene is invented by DuPont.^[2]

History of science

• Soviet Orientalist Vasily Vasilievich Struve, with Boris Turaev, provides solutions to the problems in the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus.^[3]

Mathematics

• Vojtěch Jarník first discovers 'Prim's algorithm'.
• Kazimierz Kuratowski characterizes his planar graph theorem.^[4]
• Bartel van der Waerden publishes Moderne Algebra.^[4]

Medicine

• March 5 – Danish painter Einar Wegener begins to undergo sexual reassignment surgery in Germany and takes the name Lili Elbe.
• November 25 – Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Sheffield Royal Infirmary in England, achieves the first recorded cure (of an eye infection) using penicillin.^[5]
• DPT vaccine (against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis) is first used.

Technology

• November 13 – Rotolactor rotating platform milking machine first operates.^[6]

Zoology

• Israel Aharoni collects golden hamsters near Aleppo from which all modern domesticated specimens will be bred.^[7]

Births

• January 9 – Jacob T. Schwartz (died 2009), American mathematician and professor of computer science at the New York University Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences.
• January 13 – Harold Furth (died 2002), Austrian-born expert in plasma physics and nuclear fusion.
• January 20 – Buzz Aldrin, American astronaut, lunar module pilot on Apollo 11.
• February 23 – Goro Shimura, Japanese mathematician.
• February 28 – Leon Cooper, American physicist and Nobel Prize winner.
• March 15 – Martin Karplus, Austrian-born theoretical chemist and Nobel Prize winner.
• April 9 – Nathaniel Branden (died 2014), Canadian American psychotherapist.
• May 9 – Susan Leeman, American neuroendocrinologist.
• May 11 – Edsger W. Dijkstra (died 2002), Dutch computer scientist.
• June 2 – Pete Conrad (died 1999), American astronaut.
• June 22 – Yury Artyukhin (died 1998), Soviet Russian cosmonaut.
• June 28 – William C. Campbell, Irish-born parasitologist and Nobel Prize winner.
• August 5 – Neil Armstrong (died 2012), American astronaut, first person to walk on the Moon.
• August 7 – Joe Farman (died 2013), British geophysicist working for the British Antarctic Survey.
• September 12 – Akira Suzuki, Japanese chemist and Nobel Prize winner.
• October 10 – Yves Chauvin (died 2015), Belgian-born chemist and Nobel Prize winner.
• October 17 – Dr. Robert Atkins (died 2003), American nutritionist.
• November 14 – Ed White (died in training accident 1967), American astronaut.
• December 30 – Tu Youyou, Chinese pharmaceutical chemist and Nobel Prize winner.

Deaths

• January 19 – Frank P. Ramsey (born 1903), English mathematician (jaundice).
• August 6 – Joseph Le Bel (born 1847), French chemist.
• August 15 – Florian Cajori (born 1859), Swiss-born American historian of mathematics.
• August 18 – Gabrielle Howard (born 1876), British plant physiologist.
• October 15 – E. H. "Chinese" Wilson (born 1876), English plant collector.
• September 1 – Peeter Põld (born 1878), Estonian politician and pedagogical scientist.
• November 5 – Christiaan Eijkman (born 1858), Dutch physiologist.

References

1. "Bernhard Schmidt". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on May 24, 2008.
2. Smith, John K. (1985). "The Ten-Year Invention: Neoprene and Du Pont Research, 1930–1939". Technology and Culture 26: 34–55. JSTOR 3104528.
3. Struve, Vasilij Vasil'evič; Turaev, Boris (1930). "Mathematischer Papyrus des Staatlichen Museums der Schönen Künste in Moskau". Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik; Abteilung A 1. Berlin: Springer.
4. Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
5. Wainwright, M.; Swan, H.T. (1986). "C.G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical records of penicillin therapy". Medical History 30: 42–56. doi:10.1017/S0025727300045026. PMC 1139580. PMID 3511336.
6. Kane, Joseph (1997). Famous First Facts: A Record of First Happenings, Discoveries, and Inventions in American History (5th ed.). H.W. Wilson Company. p. 5. ISBN 0-8242-0930-3.
7. "Israel Aharoni". Professor Paul's Lives of the Great Naturalists. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011.