1952–53 Colchester United F.C. season
1952–53 season | |||
Chairman | Bill Allen[1] | ||
---|---|---|---|
Manager |
Jimmy Allen (until 2 May) | ||
Stadium | Layer Road | ||
Third Division South | 22nd | ||
FA Cup |
3rd round (eliminated by Rotherham United) | ||
Top goalscorer |
League: Kevin McCurley (16) All: Kevin McCurley (19) | ||
Highest home attendance |
14,674 v Ipswich Town, 23 August 1952[2] | ||
Lowest home attendance |
3,382 v Crystal Palace, 19 March 1953[3] | ||
Average home league attendance | 8,002[4] | ||
Biggest win |
6–1 v Walsall, 14 February 1953 | ||
Biggest defeat |
0–4 v Southend United, 7 March 1953; 1–5 v Torquay United, 18 April 1953; 0–4 v Norwich City, 2 May 1953 | ||
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The 1952–53 season was Colchester United's eleventh season in their history and their third season in the Third Division South, the third tier of English football. Alongside competing in the Third Division South, the club also participated in the FA Cup. Colchester reached the third round of the FA Cup for the second season running, but were knocked out by Second Division side Rotherham United after a replay. The club struggled in the league, eventually finishing 22nd of 24 teams which would ultimately cost manager Jimmy Allen his job.
Season overview
The season began with a Layer Road crowd of 14,674 witnessing a 0–0 draw with local rivals Ipswich Town, and in the early stages of the campaign, the club remained mid-table. In the FA Cup, Colchester disposed of Weymouth in the first round following a replay, and then Llanelli in the second round, before once again facing Second Division Yorkshire opposition in Rotherham United. After drawing 2–2 at Millmoor and forcing a replay, Colchester lost the Layer Road replay 2–0.
In the latter stages of the season, a poor run of just one point from six games saw United slip from 13th-position to 22nd, just one place and two points above the re-election positions. Meanwhile, forward Kevin McCurley had justified manager Jimmy Allen's £750 outlay with a return of 19 goals. However, with Allen's style of play criticised by supporters and his unwillingness to reduce the playing staff as requested by the board saw Allen tender his resignation on 2 May 1953.[5]
Players
- As of match played 2 May 1953.[6]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Match details
Third Division South
Third Division South results round by round
Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ground | H | H | A | A | H | H | A | A | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | A | H | A | A | H | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | H | A | A | H | A | A | H | H | A | A | H |
Result | D | W | D | L | W | L | L | L | W | L | W | D | L | D | L | D | W | W | W | D | L | L | W | L | D | W | L | W | D | D | L | D | W | D | D | L | L | D | W | L | L | D | L | L | L | L |
Position | 13 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 10 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 18 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 |
Last updated: 28 February 2016.
Source:
Ground: A = Away; H = Home. Result: D = Draw; L = Loss; W = Win; P = Postponed.
Win Draw Loss
League table
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv1 | Pts2 | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | Queens Park Rangers | 46 | 12 | 15 | 19 | 61 | 82 | 0.744 | 39 | |
21 | Gillingham | 46 | 12 | 15 | 19 | 55 | 74 | 0.743 | 39 | |
22 | Colchester United | 46 | 12 | 14 | 20 | 59 | 76 | 0.776 | 38 | |
23 | Shrewsbury Town | 46 | 12 | 12 | 22 | 68 | 91 | 0.747 | 36 | Re-elected |
24 | Walsall | 46 | 7 | 10 | 29 | 56 | 118 | 0.475 | 24 |
1 The system of using goal average to separate two teams tied on points was used up until the 1976–77 season.
2 The points system: 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for losing.
Matches
23 August 1952 1 | Colchester United | 0–0 | Ipswich Town | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report Report |
Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 14,674 Referee: W. Clapton |
28 August 1952 2 | Colchester United | 2–1 | Reading | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
McKim | Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 9,190 |
30 August 1952 3 | Aldershot | 0–0 | Colchester United | Aldershot |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report | Stadium: Recreation Ground Attendance: 8,278 |
3 September 1952 4 | Reading | 2–0 | Colchester United | Reading |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | Stadium: Elm Park Attendance: 13,908 |
6 September 1952 5 | Colchester United | 3–1 | Swindon Town | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Church McKim Edwards |
Report Report |
Betteridge | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 9,062 |
11 September 1952 6 | Colchester United | 0–3 | Bristol Rovers | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 8,909 |
13 September 1952 7 | Queens Park Rangers | 1–0 | Colchester United | Shepherd's Bush |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | Stadium: Loftus Road Attendance: 13,837 |
15 September 1952 8 | Bristol Rovers | 3–1 | Colchester United | Bristol |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | Elder pen.' | Stadium: Eastville Stadium Attendance: 17,336 |
20 September 1952 9 | Colchester United | 1–0 | Shrewsbury Town | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Scott | Report | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 7,779 |
23 September 1952 10 | Bristol City | 3–2 | Colchester United | Bristol |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rogers 3', 14', 28' | Report | Barlow 13' McCurley 28' Elder |
Stadium: Ashton Gate Stadium Attendance: 12,615 |
27 September 1952 11 | Walsall | 0–3 | Colchester United | Walsall |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report | Grice 37' Church 42' McCurley |
Stadium: Fellows Park Attendance: 7,736 |
4 October 1952 12 | Colchester United | 1–1 | Gillingham | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Church | Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 8,529 |
11 October 1952 13 | Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic | 1–0 | Colchester United | Bournemouth |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | Stadium: Dean Court Attendance: 11,679 |
18 October 1952 14 | Colchester United | 3–3 | Southend United | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Church McKim McCurley |
Report Report |
Marsden Stubbs |
Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 10,589 |
25 October 1952 15 | Watford | 2–0 | Colchester United | Watford |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bowie Cook |
Report | Stadium: Vicarage Road Attendance: 15,166 |
1 November 1952 16 | Colchester United | 0–0 | Brighton & Hove Albion | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 8,139 |
8 November 1952 17 | Newport County | 0–1 | Colchester United | Newport |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report | McKim | Stadium: Somerton Park Attendance: 8,989 |
29 November 1952 18 | Colchester United | 4–1 | Torquay United | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barlow Church McKim |
Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 6,846 |
13 December 1952 19 | Colchester United | 3–1 | Leyton Orient | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
McKim McCurley |
Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 6,622 |
20 December 1952 20 | Ipswich Town | 2–2 | Colchester United | Ipswich |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elsworthy Jones |
Report Report |
McKim McCurley |
Stadium: Portman Road Attendance: 12,572 Referee: W. Clapton |
26 December 1952 21 | Norwich City | 3–0 | Colchester United | Norwich |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | Stadium: Carrow Road Attendance: 19,859 |
3 January 1953 22 | Colchester United | 1–2 | Aldershot | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
McCurley | Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 7,438 |
17 January 1953 23 | Swindon Town | 0–1 | Colchester United | Swindon |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report Report |
McKim | Stadium: County Ground Attendance: 8,545 |
21 January 1953 24 | Exeter City | 2–0 | Colchester United | Exeter |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | Stadium: St James Park Attendance: 3,951 |
24 January 1953 25 | Colchester United | 1–1 | Queens Park Rangers | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rowlands | Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 9,150 |
31 January 1953 26 | Colchester United | 3–1 | Exeter City | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barlow Elder pen.' Rowlands |
Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 5,643 |
7 February 1953 27 | Shrewsbury Town | 3–0 | Colchester United | Shrewsbury |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | Stadium: Gay Meadow Attendance: 7,624 |
14 February 1953 28 | Colchester United | 6–1 | Walsall | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
McKim McCurley |
Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 5,102 |
21 February 1953 29 | Gillingham | 1–1 | Colchester United | Gillingham |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | McCurley | Stadium: Priestfield Stadium Attendance: 11,299 |
28 February 1953 30 | Colchester United | 1–1 | Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
McCurley | Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 7,858 |
7 March 1953 31 | Southend United | 4–0 | Colchester United | Southend-on-Sea |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bainbridge Grant Thompson |
Report Report |
Stadium: Southend Stadium Attendance: 10,250 |
14 March 1953 32 | Colchester United | 1–1 | Watford | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
McCurley | Report | Meadows | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 6,667 |
19 March 1953 33 | Colchester United | 3–0 | Crystal Palace | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
McKim McCurley |
Report | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 3,382 |
21 March 1953 34 | Brighton & Hove Albion | 0–0 | Colchester United | Hove |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report | Stadium: Goldstone Ground Attendance: 12,366 |
28 March 1953 35 | Colchester United | 3–3 | Newport County | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elder pen.' Church McCurley McKim |
Report | Graham Beattie |
Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 6,200 |
3 April 1953 36 | Colchester United | 0–1 | Coventry City | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report Report |
Brown | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 10,618 |
4 April 1953 37 | Crystal Palace | 3–1 | Colchester United | South Norwood |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | Church | Stadium: Selhurst Park Attendance: 12,099 |
6 April 1953 38 | Coventry City | 2–2 | Colchester United | Coventry |
---|---|---|---|---|
Simpson 55' Mason 90+4' |
Report | Bearryman 40' Edwards 49' |
Stadium: Highfield Road Attendance: 11,284 |
11 April 1953 39 | Colchester United | 3–1 | Bristol City | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barlow Edwards |
Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 7,519 |
16 April 1953 40 | Northampton Town | 2–0 | Colchester United | Northampton |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | Stadium: County Ground Attendance: 7,982 |
18 April 1953 41 | Torquay United | 5–1 | Colchester United | Torquay |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | Barlow | Stadium: Plainmoor Attendance: 7,269 |
23 April 1953 42 | Colchester United | 0–0 | Millwall | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 8,127 |
25 April 1953 43 | Colchester United | 1–2 | Northampton Town | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barlow | Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 8,122 |
27 April 1953 44 | Millwall | 3–1 | Colchester United | New Cross |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stobbart 5' Anslow 50' Short 85' |
Report | P. Wright 12' | Stadium: The Den Attendance: 7,970 |
30 April 1953 45 | Leyton Orient | 5–3 | Colchester United | Leyton |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | Scott P. Wright Edwards |
Stadium: Brisbane Road Attendance: 2,553 |
2 May 1953 46 | Colchester United | 0–4 | Norwich City | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 10,029 |
FA Cup
22 November 1952 1st round | Weymouth | 1–1 | Colchester United | Weymouth |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rowell | Report | McKim | Stadium: Recreation Ground Attendance: 8,500 |
27 November 1952 1st round replay | Colchester United | 4–0 | Weymouth | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Targett 33' (o.g.) McKim 39' Edwards 84', 87' |
Report | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 4,314 |
6 December 1952 2nd round | Colchester United | 3–2 | Llanelli | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barlow 13' Church 35' McCurley 84' |
Report | Morris 30', 60' | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 9,693 |
10 January 1953 3rd round | Rotherham United | 2–2 | Colchester United | Rotherham |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown goalscorer | Report | McCurley | Stadium: Millmoor Attendance: 16,547 |
15 January 1953 3rd round replay | Colchester United | 0–2 | Rotherham United | Colchester |
---|---|---|---|---|
Report | Unknown goalscorer | Stadium: Layer Road Attendance: 8,991 |
Squad statistics
Appearances and goals
No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | Third Division South | FA Cup | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||||||||
GK | Frank Coombs | 18 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
GK | George Wright | 33 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||||||
DF | Harry Bearryman | 50 | 1 | 45 | 1 | 5 | 0 | ||||||
DF | Roy Bicknell | 8 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||||
DF | Jimmy Elder | 50 | 3 | 45 | 3 | 5 | 0 | ||||||
DF | George French | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
DF | John Harrison | 51 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||||||
DF | Bertie Hill | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
DF | Phil Rookes | 46 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 3 | 0 | ||||||
DF | Trevor Rowlands | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
DF | Reg Stewart | 45 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||||||
FW | Peter Aitchison | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
FW | Bert Barlow | 33 | 7 | 28 | 6 | 5 | 1 | ||||||
FW | John Church | 39 | 9 | 34 | 8 | 5 | 1 | ||||||
FW | Stan Edwards | 19 | 7 | 16 | 5 | 3 | 2 | ||||||
FW | Mike Grice | 13 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
FW | Kevin McCurley | 47 | 19 | 42 | 16 | 5 | 3 | ||||||
FW | Johnny McKim | 33 | 15 | 28 | 13 | 5 | 2 | ||||||
FW | Augie Scott | 40 | 2 | 38 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||||||
FW | Peter Wright | 12 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Players who appeared for Colchester who left during the season | |||||||||||||
DF | Len Jones | 13 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
DF | Harry Wilkinson | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Goalscorers
Place | Nation | Position | Name | Third Division South | FA Cup | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | FW | Kevin McCurley | 16 | 3 | 19 | |
2 | FW | Johnny McKim | 13 | 2 | 15 | |
3 | FW | John Church | 8 | 1 | 9 | |
4 | FW | Bert Barlow | 6 | 1 | 7 | |
FW | Stan Edwards | 5 | 2 | 7 | ||
6 | DF | Jimmy Elder | 3 | 0 | 3 | |
7 | DF | Trevor Rowlands | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
FW | Augie Scott | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
FW | Peter Wright | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
10 | DF | Harry Bearryman | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
FW | Mike Grice | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Own goals | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||
TOTALS | 60 | 9 | 69 |
Disciplinary record
Nationality | Position | Player | Third Division South | FA Cup | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FW | Johnny McKim | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
TOTALS | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Captains
Number of games played as team captain.[9]
Place | Nation | Position | Player | Third Division South | FA Cup | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not recorded |
46 | 5 | 51 |
Player debuts
Players making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.[10]
Position | Player | Date | Opponent | Ground | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FW | Stan Edwards | 6 September 1952 | Swindon Town | Layer Road | |
FW | Mike Grice | 11 September 1952 | Bristol Rovers | Layer Road | |
FW | Bert Barlow | 13 September 1952 | Queens Park Rangers | Loftus Road | |
DF | Roy Bicknell | 4 October 1952 | Gillingham | Layer Road | |
DF | George French | 4 October 1952 | Gillingham | Layer Road | |
DF | Harry Wilkinson | 14 March 1953 | Watford | Layer Road | |
DF | Bertie Hill | 11 April 1953 | Bristol City | Layer Road |
Transfers and contracts
In
Date | Pos | Player | From | Fee | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
23 May 1952 | GK | John Wright | Colchester Casuals | Free transfer | [11] |
1 June 1952 | DF | Roy Bicknell | Gravesend & Northfleet | £1,000 | [12] |
1 July 1952 | DF | Billy Hunt | Apprentice | Free transfer | [13] |
6 September 1952 | FW | Stan Edwards | Chelsea | £750 | [14] |
11 September 1952 | FW | Mike Grice | Lowestoft Town | £25 | [15] |
13 September 1952 | FW | Bert Barlow | Leicester City | £1,000 | [16] |
30 September 1952 | DF | Bertie Hill | Chelsea | £300 | [17] |
Out
Date | Pos | Player | To | Fee | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 May 1952 | FW | Adam Davidson | Carnoustie Panmure | Released | [18] |
31 May 1952 | DF | John Moore | Staines Town | Free transfer | [19] |
31 May 1952 | FW | Jack McClelland | Stoke City | Undisclosed | [20][21] |
14 March 1953 | DF | Harry Wilkinson | Folkestone Town | Released | [22] |
4 April 1953 | DF | Len Jones | Ipswich Town | Released | [23] |
See also
References
General
Books
- Whitehead, Jeff; Drury, Kevin (2008). The Who's Who of Colchester United: The Layer Road Years. Derby: Breedon Books. ISBN 978-1-85983-629-3.
- Ambrosen, Tony (1993). Amber in the Blood: A History Of Newport County. Uxbridge: Yore Publications. ISBN 978-1-874427-40-7.
Websites
- "Colchester United football club match record: 1953". 11v11.com. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
- "Statistics 1952/53". The Millwall History Files. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
- "1950/51 to 1959/60" (PDF). Watford Football Club archive 1881–2015. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
- "Season 1952–1953". Weymouth FC. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
Specific
- ↑ Whitehead, Jeff; Drury, Kevin (2008). The Who's Who of Colchester United: The Layer Road Years. Derby: Breedon Books. p. 278. ISBN 978-1-85983-629-3.
- ↑ "Colchester Utd 0–0 Ipswich Town". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ↑ "Colchester Utd 3–0 Crystal Palace". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ↑ "Average Attendance Figures Per Season". Coludaybyday.co.uk. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ↑ Hudson, Matt (11 July 2012). "The 1950s and 1960s". Colchester United FC. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
- 1 2 "Appearances". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- 1 2 "Goals". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "Discipline". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "All matches". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "Alltime- List of Debuts". Coludaybyday.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "John Wright". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ↑ "Roy Bicknell". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "Billy Hunt". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
- ↑ "Stan Edwards". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "Mike Grice". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "Bert Barlow". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "Bert Hill". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "Adam Davidson". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "John Moore". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "JOHNNY McCLELLAND". Post War English & Scottish Football League A – Z Player's Database. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ↑ Matthews, Tont (1994). The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City Football Club 1868 to 1994. Lion Press. ISBN 0-9524151-0-0.
- ↑ "Harry Wilkinson". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ "Len Jones". Coludata.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
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