1991 in paleontology

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1988
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1991
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Paleontology, palaeontology or [palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1991.

Arthropods

Newly named insects

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Anochetus brevidentatus[2]

Sp nov

Valid

MacKay

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A ponerin ant

Mollusca

Newly named bivalves

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Similodonta wahli[3]

Sp nov

Valid

Isakar

Late Ordovician

Arina Formation

 Estonia

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[4]

Name Status Authors Notes Images
Alvarezsaurus[5] Valid taxon
Amargasaurus[6] Valid taxon
  • Salgado
Amurosaurus[7] Valid taxon
  • Bolotsky
  • Kurzanov
Andesaurus[8] Valid taxon
  • Calvo
Becklespinax[9] Previously known as Acrocanthosaurus altispinax
"Eureodon"[9] Junior synonym of Tenontosaurus

Brown vide:

Euronychodon[10] Valid taxon
  • Telles-Antunes
  • Sigogneau-Russell
Janenschia[11] Valid taxon
  • Wild
"Nuoersaurus" Nomen nudum
  • Li X.M.
"Paraiguanodon"[9] Junior synonym of Bactrosaurus

Brown vide:

Protognathosaurus[9] Valid taxon
"Rioarribasaurus"[12] Nomen rejectum synonymous with Coelophysis
  • Hunt
  • S.G. Lucas
"Seismosaurus"[13] Junior synonym of Diplodocus
  • Gillette
Tarascosaurus[14] Valid taxon
  • Le Loeuff
  • Buffetaut
Taveirosaurus[10] Valid taxon
  • Telles-Antunes
  • Sigogneau-Russell
Tochisaurus[15] Valid taxon
  • Kurzanov
"Ultrasauros"[9] Chimera of Brachiosaurus and Supersaurus
Valdoraptor[9] Valid taxon
Velocisaurus[5] Valid taxon

Newly named birds

Name Status Novelty Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Aidemedia chascax [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Aidemedia lutetiae [16]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Molokai

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Aidemedia zanclops [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Apteribis brevis [17]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Threskiornithidae.

Asiahesperornis bazhanovi [18]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Lev A. Nessov

B. V. Prizemlin

Late Cretaceous

Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian,

Eginsai Formation

 Kazakhstan

A Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872.

Branta hylobadistes [17]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

 USA:

 Hawaii

An Anatidae.

Chelychelynechen quassus [17]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Kauai

 USA:

 Hawaii

An Anatidae, a moa-nalo, this is the type species of the genus.

Chloridops regiskongi [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Chloridops wahi [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Circus dossenus [17]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Molokai

 USA:

 Hawaii

An Accipitridae.

Ciridops tenax [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Kauai

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Corvus impluviatus [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Corvidae.

Corvus viriosus [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Corvidae.

Dendroscansor decurvirostris [19]

Valid

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Philip R. Millener

Trevor H. Worthy

Late Pleistocene

Otira Glacial Age

 New Zealand

An Acanthisittidae.

Grallistrix auceps [17]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Kauai

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Strigidae.

Grallistrix erdmani [17]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Strigidae.

Grallistrix geleches [17]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Molokai

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Strigidae, the type species of the new genus.

Grallistrix orion [17]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Strigidae.

Hemignathus upupirostris [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Kauai

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, transferred to the genus Akialoa Olson et James, 1995 by Olson et James, 1995.[20]

Horusornis vianeyliaudae [21]

Valid

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Late Eocene

Phosphorites du Quercy

MP 17

 France

An Accipitriformes, Horusornithidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1991, this is the type species of the new genus.

Orthiospiza howarthi [16]

Valid

Gen. nov et Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Maui

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Palaeocryptonyx hungaricus [22]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Dénes Jánossy

Late Miocene

MN 13

 Hungary

A Phasianidae, transferred to the genus Plioperdix Kretzoi, 1955 as Plioperdix hungarica Comb. nov. by Nikita V. Zelenkov & Andrey V. Panteleyev.[23]

Phalacrocorax kuehneanus [24]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Thomas Schlüter

Late Pliocene

Minjingu

 Tanzania

A Phalacrocoracidae.

Phoeniconaias siamensis [25]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Jacques Cheneval

Léonard Ginsburg

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Benjavun Ratanasthien

Late Early Miocene

Li Mae

 Thailand

A Phoenicopteridae.

Porzana keplerorum [17]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Rallidae.

Porzana menehune [17]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Molokai

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Rallidae.

Porzana ralphorum [17]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Rallidae.

Porzana severnsi [17]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Rallidae.

Porzana ziegleri [17]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Rallidae.

Protoavis texensis [26]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Sankar Chatterjee

Late Trias

Late Carnian-Early Norian

 USA:

 Texas

A Protoaviformes Chatterjee, 1991, Protoaviformes Chatterjee, 1991, the type and only species of the genus, no longer considered a bird.

Pseudodontornis tshulensis [27]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Aleksandr O. Averianov

Andrei V. Panteleyev

Olga R. Potapova

Lev A. Nessov

Late Paleocene

Landenian

 Kazakhstan

A Pseudodontornithidae Lambrecht, 1933.

Pseudoseisuropsis nehuen [28]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Jorge I. Noriega

Early Pleistocene

Miramar Formation

 Argentina

A Furnariidae, Philydorinae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Ptaiochen pau [17]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Maui

 USA:

 Hawaii

An Anatidae, a moa-nalo, this is the type species of the genus.

Pterodroma jugabilis [17]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Procellariidae.

Rallicrex polgardiensis [22]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Dénes Jánossy

Late Miocene

MN 13

 Hungary

A Rallidae.

Telespiza persecutrix [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu, Kauai

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Telespiza ypsilon [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Molokai, Maui

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Thambetochen xanion [17]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

An Anatidae, a moa-nalo.

Tyto campiterrae [22]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Dénes Jánossy

Late Miocene

MN 13

 Hungary

A Tytonidae.

Vangulifer mirandus [16]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Maui

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Vangulifer neophasis [16]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Maui

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Xestospiza conica [16]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Kauai

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae.

Xestospiza fastigialis [16]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu, Molokai, Maui

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, the type species of the new genus.

Genera no longer considered to be birds

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name Status Authors Notes

Bennettazhia

Valid

Nesov

Valid

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Apsisaurus[29]

Valid

  • Laurin

Lower Permian

Archer City Formation

 USA

Formerly assigned as an eosuchian diapsid, was restudied an classified as a varanopid synapsid.[30]

Ctenorhachis[31]

Valid

  • Hook
  • Hotton

Upper Permian

 USA

A sphenacodontid synapsid.

References

  1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. MacKay, W. P. (1991). "Anochetus brevidentatus, new species, a second fossil Odontomachiti ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Journal of the New York Entomological Society 99: 138–140.
  3. Hints, L.; Oraspõld, A.; Kaljo, D. (2000). "Stratotype of the Porkuni Stage with comments on the Röa Member (Uppermost Ordovician, Estonia)". Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology 49 (3): 177–199.
  4. Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  5. 1 2 Bonaparte, J.F. 1991. Los vertebrados fosiles de la Formacion Rio Colorado de Neuquen y cercanias, Cretacico Superior, Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Revidadia" Paleontologia 4 (3): pp. 17- 123.
  6. Salgado, L. and J.F. Bonaparte. 1991. Un nuevo sauropodo Dicraeosauridae, Amargasaurus gen. et sp. nov., de la Formacion La Amarga, Neocomiano de la Provincia del Nuequen, Argentina. Ameghiniana 28: pp. 333-346.
  7. Bolotsky, Yu. L. and S.K. Kurzanov. 1991. The hadrosaurs of the Amur region. In: Geology of the Pacific Border: pp.94-103.
  8. Calvo, J.O. and J.F. Bonaparte, J.F. 1991. Andesaurus delgadoi gen. et sp. nov. (Saurischia- Sauropoda), dinosaurio Titanosauridae de la Formación Río Limay (Albiano-Cenomaniano), Neuquén, Argentina. Ameghiniana 28: pp. 303- 310.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Olshevsky, G. 1991. A Revision of the Parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, Excluding the Advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2 (1st printing): iv + 196 pages.
  10. 1 2 Telles-Antunes, M. and D. Sigogneau-Russell. 1991. Nouvelles donnees sur les Dinosaures du Cretae superieur du Portugal. Compte rendu hebdomadaire des seances de l’Academie des Sciences Paris, tomo 313, seire 2: pp. 113-119.
  11. Wild, R. 1991. Janenschia n. g. robusta (E. Frass 1908) pro Tornieria robusta (E. Fraas 1908) (Reptilia, Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha). Stuttgarteer Beitrage zur Naturkude Serie B (Geologie und Paleontologie) 173: pp. 1-4.
  12. Hunt, A.P. and S.G. Lucas. 1991. Rioarribasaurus, a new name for a Late Triassic dinosaur from New Mexico (USA). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 65 (3/4): pp. 191- 198.
  13. Gillette. D.D. 1991. Seismosaurus halli, gen. et sp. nov., a new sauropod dinosaur from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) of New Mexico, USA. J. Vert. Paleontol. 11 (4): pp. 417-433.
  14. Le Loeuff, J. and E. Buffetaut. 1991. Tarascosaurus salluvicus, new genus new species, a theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of southern France. GEOBIOS (Lyon) 24 (5): pp. 585-594.
  15. Kurzanov, S.M. and H. Osmolska. 1991. Tochisaurus nemegtensis gen. et sp. n., a new troodontid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from Mongolia. Acta Palaeont. Polonica. 36 (1): pp. 69- 76.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Helen F. James & Storrs L. Olson (1991). "Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds From the Hawaiian Islands: Part II. Passeriformes" (PDF). Ornithological Monographs 46: 1–88. doi:10.2307/40166713.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Storrs L. Olson & Helen F. James (1991). "Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds From the Hawaiian Islands: Part I. Non-Passeriformes" (PDF). Ornithological Monographs 45: 1–88. doi:10.2307/40166794.
  18. Lev A. Nessov & B. V. Prizemlin (1991). "Krupnyye evolyutsionno prodvinutyye neletayushchiye morskiye ptitsy odryada gesperornisoobraznykh pozdnego senona Turgayskogo proliva: pervyye nakhodki gruppy v SSSR [Large, Evolutionarily Advanced, Flightless Marine Birds of the Order Hesperornithiformes from the Late Senonian of the Turgai Strait: The first Finds of this Group in the USSR.] [in Russian, with English summ.]". Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 239: 85–107.
  19. Philip R. Millener & Trevor H. Worthy (1991). "Contribution to New Zealand’s Late Quaternary Avifauna. II: Dendroscansor decurvirostris, a New Genus and Species of Wren (Aves: Acantisittidae)". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 21 (2): 179–200. doi:10.1080/03036758.1991.10431406.
  20. Storrs L. Olson & Helen R. James (1995). "Nomenclature of the Hawaiian Akialoas and Nukupuus (Aves: Drepanidini)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108 (3): 373–387.
  21. Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1991). "Les Horusornithidae Nov. Fam., Accipitriformes (Aves) A Articulation Intertarsienne Hyperflexible de l’Éocène du Quercy". Géobios, Mémoire spécial 24 (supplement 1): 183–192. doi:10.1016/s0016-6995(66)80023-2.
  22. 1 2 3 Dénes Jánossy (1991). "Late Miocene Bird Remains from Polgárdi (W-Hungary)" (PDF). Aquila 98: 13–35.
  23. Nikita V. Zelenkov and Andrey V. Panteleyev (2014). "Three bird taxa (Aves: Anatidae, Phasianidae, Scolopacidae) from the Late Miocene of the Sea of Azov (Southwestern Russia)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. in press. doi:10.1007/s12542-014-0238-0.
  24. Thomas Schlüter (1991). "Systematik, Palökologie und Biostratonomie von Phalacrocorax kuehneanus nov. spec., einem Fossilen Kormoran (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae) aus Mutmasslich Oberpliozänen Phosporiten N-Tansanias". Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Reihe A: Geologie und Paläontologie 134: 279–309.
  25. Jacques Cheneval, Léonard Ginsburg, Cécile Mourer-Chauviré, and Benjavun Ratanasthien (1991). "The Miocene Avifauna of the Li Mae Long Locality, Thailand: Systematics and Palaeoecology". Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 6 (2): 117–126. doi:10.1016/0743-9547(91)90103-5.
  26. Sankar Chatterjee (1991). "Cranial Anatomy and Relationships of A New Triassic Bird from Texas". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 332 (1265): 277–342. doi:10.1098/rstb.1991.0056.
  27. Aleksandr O. Averianov, Andrei V. Panteleyev, Olga R. Potapova & Lev A. Nessov (1991). "Lozhnozubyye ptitsy (Aves: Pelecaniformes: Odontopterygia) pozdnego paleotsena i eotsena zapadnoy okrainy drevney Azii. [Bony-toothed Birds (Aves: Pelecaniformes: Odontopterygia) of the Late Paleocene and Eocene of the Western Margin of Ancient Asia.] [in Russian, with English summ.]". Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 239: 3–12.
  28. Jorge I. Noriega (1991). "Un Nuevo Género de Furnariidae (Aves: Passeriformes) del Pleistoceno Inferior-Medio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina". Ameghiniana 28: 317–323.
  29. Laurin, M. (1991). "The osteology of a Lower permian eosuchian from Texas and a review of diapsid phylogeny". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 101: 59–95. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00886.x.
  30. Reisz, R.R.; Laurin, M. & Marjanovic, D. (2010). "Apsisaurus witteri from the Lower Permian of Texas: yet another small varanopid synapsis, not a diapsid". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 (5): 1628–1631. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.501441.
  31. Hook, R.W. & Hotton, N. (1991). "A New Sphenacodontid Pelycosaur (Synapsida) from the Wichita Group, Lower Permian of North-Central Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1080/02724634.1991.10011374.
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