2-Methylhexane

2-Methylhexane
Names
IUPAC name
2-Methylhexane[1]
Identifiers
591-76-4 YesY
1696856
ChemSpider 11094 YesY
EC Number 209-730-6
Jmol 3D model Interactive image
PubChem 11582
RTECS number MO3871500
UN number 3295
Properties
C7H16
Molar mass 100.21 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Odorless
Density 0.679 g cm−3
Melting point −119.0 to −117.8 °C; −182.3 to −180.1 °F; 154.1 to 155.3 K
Boiling point 89.6 to 90.6 °C; 193.2 to 195.0 °F; 362.7 to 363.7 K
Vapor pressure 15.7 kPa (at 37.7 °C)
19 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
1.384
Thermochemistry
222.92 J K−1 mol−1
323.34 J K−1 mol−1
−231.1–−228.5 kJ mol−1
−4.8127–−4.8103 MJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word DANGER
H225, H304, H315, H336, H410
P210, P261, P273, P301+310, P331
F Xn N
R-phrases R11, R38, R50/53, R65, R67
S-phrases (S2), S16, S29, S33
NFPA 704
Flammability code 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g., gasoline) Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
3
2
0
Flash point −1 °C (30 °F; 272 K)
280 °C (536 °F; 553 K)
Explosive limits 1–7%
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

2-Methylhexane (C7H16, also known as isoheptane, ethylisobutylmethane) is an isomer of heptane. It is structurally a hexane molecule with a methyl group attached to its second carbon atom. It exists in most commercially available heptane merchandises as an impurity but is usually not considered as impurity in terms of reactions since it has very similar physical and chemical properties when compared to n-heptane (straight-chained heptane).

Being an alkane, 2-methylhexane is insoluble in water, but is soluble in many organic solvents, such as alcohols and ether. However, 2-methylhexane is more commonly considered as a solvent itself. Therefore, even though it is present in many commercially available heptane products, it is not considered as a destructive impurity, as heptane is usually used as a solvent. Nevertheless, by concise processes of distillation and refining, it is possible to separate 2-methylhexane from n-heptane.

Within a group of isomers, those with more branches tend to ignite more easily and combust more completely. Therefore, 2-methylhexane has a lower Autoignition temperature and flash point when compared to heptane. Theoretically 2-methylhexane also burns with a less sooty flame, emitting higher-frequency radiation; however, as heptane and 2-methylhexane differ by only one carbon atom, in terms of branching, both burn with a bright yellow flame when ignited.

Compared to n-heptane, 2-methylhexane also has lower melting and boiling points. A lower density of liquid is found in 2-Methylhexane than heptane.

On the NFPA 704 scale, 2-methylhexane is listed as a reactivity level-0 chemical, along with various other alkanes. In fact, most alkanes are unreactive except in extreme conditions, such as combustion or strong sunlight. At the presence of oxygen and flame, 2-methylhexane, like heptane, combusts mostly completely into water and carbon dioxide. With UV-light and mixed with halogens in solvents, usually bromine in 1,1,1-trichloroethane, a substitution reaction occurs.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "2-METHYLHEXANE - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, April 24, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.