Great Recession in South America

The Great Recession in South America, as it mainly consists of commodity exporters, was not directly affected by the financial turmoil, even if the bond markets of Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Venezuela have been hit.[1]

On the other hand, the continent experienced a tough agricultural crisis at the beginning of 2008.[2] Food prices have increased a lot, due to a lack of arable land. One of the main reasons for the loss of agricultural land was the high value offered by the production of biofuels. However, second generation biofuel processes is slowly being implemented in order to extend the amount of biofuel that can be produced sustainably by using biomass consisting of the residual non-food parts of current crops, such as stems, leaves and husks.[3] Other crops that are not used for food purposes (non food crops), such as switchgrass, grass, jatropha, whole crop maize, and miscanthus could be used to produce biofuels without starving the population that are dependent on food products.[3] Industry waste products (i.e., woodchips, skins and pulp) from fruit pressing would also replace the need to waste arable land for biofuels; possibly improving the South American economy.[3] Food prices, rising since 2002, ascended from 2006, reaching a peak during the first quarter of 2008. In one year the average price of food rose by about 50%.

Then South American countries were affected by both the global slowdown and the decrease in food prices due to the declining demand.[4] In June 2008, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) declared it expected a 4% growth for 2009. However at the end of the year it predicted that the year 2009 would put an end to six years of prosperity during which Latin America has benefited from high raw material prices.[5] Production in the region is likely to decline and unemployment to increase.[6][7] However, the Center for Economic and Policy Research has estimated that the region may be able to cope with the global downturn with the right macro-economic policies, as these countries no longer depend on the U.S. economy.[8]

Countries

Brazil

While previously thought immune to the global financial crisis, the economy of Brazil shrank 3.5% in the fourth quarter of 2008, with industrial production in January 2009, 17.2% below that of January 2008. Growth for 2008 as a whole was 5.1%. Capital spending fell 9.8% in the fourth quarter while household consumption fell 2% from the third quarter.[9] Another report, in The Wall Street Journal, showed drop in gross domestic product of 13.6% in the 4th quarter of 2008 on an annualized rate and a drop in industrial production for December, 2008 to a rate 18.6% lower than December 2007, with a loss of over 700,000 jobs between November 2008 and February 2009.[10]

Argentina

As the second-largest economy in South America and an important exporter of both machinery and agricultural goods, Argentina has been affected by the global slowdown. The country has been seeing slower economic growth recently, seeing its growth rate forecast reduced from nearly 7% in 2008 to 0% in 2009,[11] and due to the steep drop in commodities prices, plus a long, damaging drought in the farm provinces, local economists believe the country may fall into recession.[12] To combat the effects of the financial crisis, the government announced a $32 billion stimulus package that is intended to create some 380,000 jobs and favor small and medium-sized businesses, with investment in infrastructure, gas pipelines and electricity generators, as well as the completion by 2010 of a new nuclear power plant.[13] However, former President Néstor Kirchner, the husband of the current president, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and leader of the ruling Justicialist Party, said in a speech on February 17, 2009, that due to the international crisis, Argentina in 2009 will face "the most difficult year in the last century."[14]

Ecuador

Ecuador is seeking ways to default on sovereign debts incurred under the government of Gustavo Noboa, which the present government deems to have been incurred illegally.[15] If Ecuador defaults, it will be the first developing country to default on sovereign debt since the crisis began.[16]

Caribbean Islands

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) said as soon as February 2008 that a U.S. slowdown would hurt the economies of the Caribbean Islands, especially those in the Eastern Islands. Indeed, the tourism sector makes up a large part of the Islands' economies, so that they are heavily dependent on the number of U.S. visitors each year.[17] However, the lower inflation and currency depreciation in several Latin American and Caribbean nations can have offset this impact of the financial crisis, sustaining the activity.[18]

Timeline of the Great Recession across all continents

The table below displays all national recessions appearing in 2006-2013 (for the 71 countries with available data), according to the common recession definition, saying that a recession occurred whenever seasonally adjusted real GDP contracts quarter on quarter, through minimum two consecutive quarters. Only 11 out of the 71 listed countries with quarterly GDP data (Poland, Slovakia, Moldova, India, China, South Korea, Indonesia, Australia, Uruguay, Colombia and Bolivia) escaped a recession in this time period.

The few recessions appearing early in 2006-07 are commonly never associated to be part of the Great Recession, which is illustrated by the fact that only two countries (Iceland and Jamaica) were in recession in Q4-2007.

One year before the maximum, in Q1-2008, only six countries were in recession (Iceland, Sweden, Finland, Ireland, Portugal and New Zealand). The number of countries in recession was 25 in Q22008, 39 in Q32008 and 53 in Q42008. At the steepest part of the Great Recession in Q12009, a total of 59 out of 71 countries were simultaneously in recession. The number of countries in recession was 37 in Q22009, 13 in Q32009 and 11 in Q42009. One year after the maximum, in Q12010, only seven countries were in recession (Greece, Croatia, Romania, Iceland, Jamaica, Venezuela and Belize).

The recession data for the overall G20-zone (representing 85% of all GWP), depict that the Great Recession existed as a global recession throughout Q32008 until Q12009.

Subsequent follow-up recessions in 20102013 were confined to Belize, El Salvador, Paraguay, Jamaica, Japan, Taiwan, New Zealand and 24 out of 50 European countries (including Greece). As of October 2014, only five out of the 71 countries with available quarterly data (Cyprus, Italy, Croatia, Belize and El Salvador), were still in ongoing recessions.[19][20] The many follow-up recessions hitting the European countries, are commonly referred to as being direct repercussions of the European sovereigndebt crisis.

Country[lower-alpha 1] Recession period(s) during 20062013[19][20]
(measured by quarter-on-quarter changes of seasonally adjusted real GDP,
as per the latest revised Q3-2013 data from 10 January 2014)
[lower-alpha 2]
Albania 2007-Q1Q1-2007 until Q2-2007 (6 months)[21]
Q3-2009 until Q4-2009 (6 months)[21]
Q4-2011 until Q1-2012 (6 months)[21]
Argentina 2008-Q4Q4-2008 until Q2-2009 (9 months)
Australia None
Austria 2008-Q2Q2-2008 until Q2-2009 (15 months)
Q3-2011 until Q4-2011 (6 months)
Belgium 2008-Q3Q3-2008 until Q1-2009 (9 months)
Q2-2012 until Q1-2013 (12 months)
Belize 2006-Q1Q1-2006 until Q2-2006 (6 months)[22]
Q1-2007 until Q3-2007 (9 months)[22]
Q4-2008 until Q1-2009 (6 months)[22]
Q4-2009 until Q1-2010 (6 months)[22]
Q1-2011 until Q2-2011 (6 months)[22]
Q2-2013 until Ongoing (6 months)[22]
Bolivia None[23][lower-alpha 3]
Q2-2013 until Ongoing (6 months)[30][lower-alpha 4]
Estonia 2008-Q3Q3-2008 until Q3-2009 (15 months)
Q1-2013 until Q2-2013 (6 months)
EU (28 member states) 2008-Q2Q2-2008 until Q2-2009 (15 months)
Q4-2011 until Q2-2012 (9 months)
Q4-2012 until Q1-2013 (6 months)
Eurozone (17 member states) 2008-Q2Q2-2008 until Q2-2009 (15 months)
Q4-2011 until Q1-2013 (18 months)
Finland 2008-Q1Q1-2008 until Q2-2009 (18 months)
Q2-2012 until Q1-2013 (12 months)
France 2008-Q2Q2-2008 until Q2-2009 (15 months)
Q4-2012 until Q1-2013 (6 months)
G20 (43 member states, PPP-weighted GDP)[lower-alpha 5] 2008-Q3Q3-2008 until Q1-2009 (9 months)
Germany 2008-Q2Q2-2008 until Q1-2009 (12 months)
Greece 2008-Q3Q3-2008 until Q2-2014 (63 months)
Hong Kong 2008-Q2Q2-2008 until Q1-2009 (12 months)[32]
Hungary 2007-Q1Q1-2007 until Q2-2007 (6 months)
Q2-2008 until Q3-2009 (18 months)
Q2-2011 until Q3-2011 (6 months)
Q1-2012 until Q4-2012 (12 months)
Iceland 2007-Q4Q4-2007 until Q2-2008 (9 months)
Q4-2008 until Q1-2009 (6 months)
Q3-2009 until Q2-2010 (12 months)
India None
Indonesia None
Ireland 2007-Q2Q2-2007 until Q3-2007 (6 months)
Q1-2008 until Q4-2009 (24 months)
Israel 2008-Q4Q4-2008 until Q1-2009 (6 months)
Italy 2008-Q2Q2-2008 until Q2-2009 (15 months)
Q3-2011 until Q3 2014 (27 months)
Jamaica 2007-Q3Q3-2007 until Q4-2007 (6 months)[33]
Q3-2008 until Q1-2009 (9 months)[33]
Q4-2009 until Q2-2010 (9 months)[33]
Q4-2011 until Q1-2012 (6 months)[33]
Q4-2012 until Q1-2013 (6 months)[33]
Japan 2008-Q2Q2-2008 until Q1-2009 (12 months)
Q4-2010 until Q2-2011 (9 months)
Q2-2012 until Q3-2012 (6 months)
Kazakhstan 2008-Q3Q3-2008 until Q1-2009 (9 months)[34][lower-alpha 6]
  1. 105 out of the 206 sovereign countries in the World, did not publish any quarterly GDP data for the 20062013 period. The following 21 countries were also excluded from the table, due to only publishing unadjusted quarterly real GDP figures with no seasonal adjustment: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brunei, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Georgia, Guatemala, Iran, Jordan, Macao, Montenegro, Morocco, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Palestine, Qatar, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, Vietnam.
  2. 1 2 Only seasonally adjusted qoq-data can be used to accurately determine recession periods. When quarterly change is calculated by comparing quarters with the same quarter of last year, this results only in an aggregated -often delayed- indication, because of being a product of all quarterly changes taking place since the same quarter last year. Currently there is no seasonal adjusted qoq-data available for Greece and Macedonia, which is why the table display the recession intervals for these two countries only based upon the alternative indicative data format.
  3. Bolivia had as of January 2014 only published seasonally adjusted real GDP data until Q1-2010, with the statistics office still to publish data for 2010-13.[23]</ref> t Brazil sector makes up a large parQ4-2008 until Q1-2009 (6 months) it sBulgaria ef>{{cite news|url= http://wQ1-2009 until Q2-2009 (6 months) 21 2Canada le= Caribbean islands may beQ4-2008 until Q2-2009 (9 months) th lChile lation]] and [[currency deprQ2-2008 until Q1-2009 (12 months) th fChina risis, sustaining the activiNone ef {Colombia = http://www.eclac.org/cgi-bNone[24][25] ic iCosta Rica il]] [[Category:Economic hisQ2-2008 until Q1-2009 (12 months)[26] Croatia Q3-2008 until Q2-2010 (24 months)
    Q3-2011 until Q4-2012 (18 months)
    Q2-2013 until Ongoing (6 months) Cyprus Q1-2009 until Q4-2009 (12 months)
    Q3-2011 until Ongoing (27 months) Czech Republic Q4-2008 until Q2-2009 (9 months)
    Q4-2011 until Q1-2013 (18 months) Denmark Q3-2008 until Q2-2009 (12 months)
    Q3-2011 until Q4-2011 (6 months)
    Q4-2012 until Q1-2013 (6 months) Ecuador Q4-2006 until Q1-2007 (6 months)[27]
    Q1-2009 until Q3-2009 (9 months)[28][29] El Salvador Q3-2008 until Q2-2009 (12 months)[30][lower-alpha 4]
  4. 1 2 According to the methodology note for the quarterly GDP of El Salvador, this data series include seasonally adjustments.<ref name='Methodology note for the quarterly GDP of El Salvador'>"Boletín Económico: Metodología Producto Interno Bruto Trimestral, Base 1990" (PDF) (in Spanish). Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador. 27 October 2006.
  5. The G20-zone represents 85% of all GWP, and comprise 19 member states (incl. UK, France, Germany and Italy) along with the EU Commission as the 20th member, who represents the remaining 24 EU member states in the forum.[31]
  6. Kazakhstan had as of January 2014 only published seasonally adjusted real GDP data until Q4-2009, with the statistics office still to publish data for 2010-13.[34]</ref> Latvia Q2-2008 until Q3-2009 (18 months) Lithuania Q3-2008 until Q2-2009 (12 months) Luxembourg Q2-2008 until Q1-2009 (12 months) Macedonia Q1-2009 until Q3-2009 (9 months)[35]
    Q1-2012 until Q2-2012 (6 months)[35]
    (not qoq-data, but quarters compared with same quarter of last year)[lower-alpha 2] Malaysia Q3-2008 until Q1-2009 (9 months)[36][37] Malta Q4-2008 until Q1-2009 (6 months) Mexico Q3-2008 until Q2-2009 (12 months) Moldova None[38][lower-alpha 7] Venezuela Q1-2009 until Q1-2010 (15 months)<ref name='Venezuela s.a. real GDP 1998-2013'>"AGREGADOS_MACROECONÓMICOS: PIB Desestacionalizado. Base 1997 (Trimestral)" (XLS) (in Spanish). 9 December 2013.
  7. Moldova had as of January 2014 only published seasonally adjusted real GDP data until Q4-2010, with the statistics office still to publish data for 2011-13.[38]</ref> Netherlands Q2-2008 until Q2-2009 (15 months)
    Q2-2011 until Q1-2012 (12 months)
    Q3-2012 until Q2-2013 (12 months) New Zealand Q1-2008 until Q2-2009 (18 months)
    Q3-2010 until Q4-2010 (6 months) Norway Q1-2009 until Q2-2009 (6 months)
    Q2-2010 until Q3-2010 (6 months)
    Q1-2011 until Q2-2011 (6 months) OECD (34 member states, PPP-weighted GDP) Q2-2008 until Q1-2009 (12 months) Paraguay Q3-2008 until Q1-2009 (9 months)[39]
    Q2-2011 until Q3-2011 (6 months)[39] Peru Q4-2008 until Q2-2009 (9 months)[40] Philippines Q4-2008 until Q1-2009 (6 months)[41][42] Poland None Portugal Q2-2007 until Q3-2007 (6 months)
    Q1-2008 until Q1-2009 (15 months)
    Q4-2010 until Q1-2013 (30 months) Romania Q4-2008 until Q2-2009 (9 months)
    Q4-2009 until Q1-2010 (6 months)
    Q4-2011 until Q1-2012 (6 months) Russia Q3-2008 until Q2-2009 (12 months) Serbia Q2-2008 until Q2-2009 (15 months)[43]
    Q2-2011 until Q1-2012 (12 months)[43]
    Q3-2012 until Q4-2012 (6 months)[43] Singapore Q2-2008 until Q1-2009 (12 months)[44][45][46][47][48] Slovakia None Slovenia Q3-2008 until Q2-2009 (12 months)
    Q3-2011 until Q4-2013 (24 months)[49][50] South Africa Q4-2008 until Q2-2009 (9 months) South Korea None Spain Q2-2008 until Q4-2009 (21 months)
    Q2-2011 until Q2-2013 (27 months) Sweden Q1-2008 until Q1-2009 (15 months) Switzerland Q4-2008 until Q2-2009 (9 months) Taiwan Q2-2008 until Q1-2009 (12 months)[51]
    Q3-2011 until Q4-2011 (6 months)[51] Thailand Q4-2008 until Q1-2009 (6 months)[52] Turkey Q2-2008 until Q1-2009 (12 months) Ukraine Q2-2008 until Q1-2009 (12 months)[53]
    Q3-2012 until Q4-2012 (6 months)[53][54][55] United Kingdom Q2-2008 until Q3-2009 (18 months)[56]
    Q4-2011 until Q2-2012 (9 months)[56] United States Q3-2008 until Q2-2009 (12 months) Uruguay None<ref name='Uruguay s.a. real GDP 2005-2013'>"Informe Trimestral de Cuentas Nacionales: Julio – Setiembre 2013" (PDF) (in Spanish). Banco Central del Uruguay. 13 December 2013.

See also

References

  1. ""Subprime": lejos de A. Latina" (in Spanish). BBC Mundo. August 1, 2007. Retrieved 2010-01-05.
  2. Poverty Declines Slightly in Latin America and the Caribbean, in Spite of Global Financial Crisis, ECLAC Notes Nº 59 (9 December 2008)
  3. 1 2 3 Oliver R. Inderwildi, David A. King (2009). "Quo Vadis Biofuels". Energy & Environmental Science 2: 343. doi:10.1039/b822951c.
  4. "Latin America risks reverting progress in poverty reduction / Global financial crisis will affect region’s trade with the rest of the world" (PDF). ECLAC. December 2008.
  5. "Preliminary overview of the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 2008". ECLAC. December 2008.
  6. "Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean Is Projected to Be 1.9% in 2009". ECLAC. 18 December 2008.
  7. "Amérique latine : fin de six années de croissance soutenue" (in French). RFI. 2008-12-19.
  8. "South America: Recession Can Be Avoided". CEPR. November 16, 2008.
  9. "Brazil Shrinks 3.5%, Worst Decline in 13 Years", Brazzil, 11 March 2009
  10. Regalado, Antonio. Brazil's Economic Outlook Becomes Focus in Political Battle. The Wall Street Journal. 2009-03-28. URL:http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123792987606830301.html. Accessed: 2009-03-28. (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5fcZjuNyP) Please note that the short ("opaque") form of the WebCite URL should be used only in addition to citing the original URL in your bibliographic reference. Alternatively, please use the "transparent" (but very long!) WebCite URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB123792987606830301.html&date=2009-03-28
  11. "El FMI dijo que la economía argentina no crecerá en 2009". Tucuman, Argentina: La Gaceta. Feb 5, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
  12. "Prevén que éste será el peor año económico desde 2002". Buenos Aires, Argentina: La Nacion. Feb 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
  13. "Argentina Announces $32 Billion Stimulus Package". Buenos Aires, Argentina: Latin American Herald. Dec 29, 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
  14. "Para el ex presidente, el 2009 será "el año más difícil de los últimos cien" y pidió "memoria"". Buenos Aires, Argentina: El Cronista. Feb 19, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
  15. Ecuador renews default threats
  16. Stratfor.com homepage, December 5, 2008
  17. "Caribbean islands may be hit by US recession". Property Wire. 13 February 2008.
  18. "Central America and the Caribbean Will Be the Most Affected Subregions By Standstill in Tourism". ECLAC. 23 December 2008.
  19. 1 2 "Quarterly National Accounts : Quarterly Growth Rates of real GDP, change over previous quarter". Stats.oecd.org. Retrieved 2013-08-17.
  20. 1 2 "GDP and main components - volumes: Percentage change on previous quarter (seasonally adjusted, and adjusted by working days)". Eurostat. 10 January 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  21. 1 2 3 "Albanian Real growth rate from one quarter to the previous quarter, seasonally adjusted (Qt,i/Qt,i-1), (2005=100)" (XLS). INSTAT. 8 January 2014.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Third Quarter GDP Times Series 2013: Gross Domestic Product by Activity, Constant 2000 prices – BZ$ million" (XLS). Statistical Institute of Belize. 18 December 2013.
  23. 1 2 "PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO TRIMESTRAL 2010 Primer Trimestre (each chapter is packed into an overall rar file)" (RAR+PDF). PIBtrimestral1r20104.pdf: Capítulo IV (Ajuste Estacional y Extracción de Señales Por Actividad Económica) - Cuadro N° 04.01.02, BOLIVIA: VARIACIÓN CON RELACIÓN AL PERIODO ANTERIOR DE LA DESESTACIONALIZACIÓN DEL PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO POR ACTIVIDAD ECONÓMICA SEGÚN, TRIMESTRE, 1991 - 2010 (En porcentaje) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Bolivia. 30 July 2010.
  24. "Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at 2005 Constant Prices by Area of Economic Activity - Seasonally Adjusted. Quarterly Since 2000: Quarterly Percentage Change" (XLS). Banco de la República, Colombia. 19 September 2013.
  25. "GDP by branch of activity: By branches of economic activity at constant prices for 2005 deseasonalized series / 2000-I a 2013-III" (XLS). Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). 19 December 2013.
  26. "Gross Domestic Product (1991-2013, at 1991 constant prices): Original Series, Trend Cycle and Seasonally Adjusted Series". Banco Central de Costa Rica. 7 January 2014.
  27. "Cuentas Nacionales Trimestrales del Ecuador No.65 (Enero 2009)" (PDF). Cuadro No 1: Oferta - Utilizacion de bienes y servicios, variacion trimestral, tasas de t/t-1, dolares constantes de 2000, P.I.B. (in Spanish). Banco Central del Ecuador. 27 January 2009.
  28. "Estadisticas Macroecomicas - Presentacion Coyuntural (Diciembre 2012)" (PDF). PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO, PIB, (Precios constantes de 2007, datos desestacionalizados, Tasas de variación, Variación t/t-1) (in Spanish). Banco Central del Ecuador. 1 February 2013.
  29. "Estadisticas Macroecomicas - Presentacion Coyuntural (Diciembre 2013)" (PDF). PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO - PIB, Precios constantes de 2007, Tasas de variación, Variación t/t-1 (in Spanish). Banco Central del Ecuador. 13 December 2013.
  30. 1 2 "1- Base de Datos Económica-Financiera > IV.7 Producto Interno Bruto Trimestral (PIBt)" (in Spanish). Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador. 30 December 2013.
  31. "G20 Members". G20.org. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  32. "Statistical Table Customization: Seasonally adjusted GDP and selected expenditure components - percentage changes in real terms over the preceding quarter". Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong). 15 November 2013.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 "Jamaican Economic Statistics: National Accounts: Quarterly Rate of Growth of Value Added GDP by Industry at Constant 2007 Prices (Seasonally Adjusted)". Statistical Institute of Jamaica. 31 December 2013.
  34. 1 2 "GDP by the production method: Basic indexes - GDP allowing for seasonal fluctuations" (DOC). The Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2012.
  35. 1 2 "Table: Gross Domestic Product by production approach, by NKD Rev.1, by quarters (volume indices, compared to the corresponding period of the previous year, %)". MAK Stat Database. State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia. 13 December 2013.
  36. "Gross Domestic Product 2013 second quarter, seasonal adjustment" (PDF). Table 1B: Seasonally Adjusted GDP at constant 2005 prices - Percentage Change from Preceding Quarter. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 22 August 2013.
  37. "Quarterly Gross Domestic Product 2013 third quarter" (PDF). Chart 3 and Table 6B: Seasonally Adjusted GDP at constant 2005 prices - Percentage Change from Preceding Quarter. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 15 November 2013.
  38. 1 2 "Databank table: Seasonally adjustments of Gross Domestic Product and of main elements of use, average prices of 2000, 1995-2010". National Bureau Of Statistics of the Rublic Of Moldova. 31 May 2011.
  39. 1 2 "CUENTAS NACIONALES DE PARAGUAY - TERCER TRIMESTRE 2013" (PDF). Anexo: Tasas de variacion - PIB desestacionalizado (t/t-1) (in Spanish). Banco Central del Paraguay. 20 December 2013.
  40. "Informe Técnico - PBI Trimestral Nº 04 Noviembre 2013: Comportamiento de la Economía Peruana en el Tercer Trimestre de 2013" (PDF). Anexo Nº 4: SERIE DESESTACIONALIZADA POR TIPO DE GASTO, 2002_I - 2013_III (Variación porcentual trimestral del Índice de Volumen Físico respecto al trimestre anterior, Valores a precios constantes de 1994) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI). 22 November 2013.
  41. "3rd Quarter 2013 National Accounts of the Philippines (multiple files packed as a rar file)" (RAR). 3Q2013_SANA_PUB.XLS (page 3): Summary Table 1 - SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NATIONAL ACCOUNTS SERIES at Constant 2000 Prices: Quarter to quarter in million Pesos (First Quarter 1998 to Third Quarter 2013). National Statistical Coordination Board. 28 November 2013.
  42. "The seasonally adjusted national accounts of the Philippines (Third Quarter 2013): SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NATIONAL ACCOUNTS SERIES at Constant 2000 Prices: Quarter to quarter growth rates (First Quarter 1998 to Third Quarter 2013)". National Statistical Coordination Board. 28 November 2013.
  43. 1 2 3 "Quarterly gross domestic product by production approach, at constant prices, seasonally adjusted data, of the Republic of Serbia". Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 31 December 2013.
  44. SingStat Time Series (access to database require payment subscription)
  45. "Statistical Tables from Economic Survey of Singapore (Fourth Quarter 2008): GDP by Industry at 2000 prices, Seasonally Adjusted" (PDF). Statistics Singapore. 26 February 2009.
  46. "Statistical Tables from Economic Survey of Singapore (Fourth Quarter 2010): GDP by Industry at 2005 prices, Seasonally Adjusted" (PDF). Statistics Singapore. 17 February 2011.
  47. "Statistical Tables from Economic Survey of Singapore (Third Quarter 2013): GDP by Industry at 2005 prices, Seasonally Adjusted" (PDF). Statistics Singapore. 21 November 2013.
  48. "SingStat Table Builder: National Accounts: M013362 - Gross Domestic Product At 2005 Market Prices, By Industry, Quarterly, (SA) (Period on Period)". Statistics Singapore. 21 November 2013.
  49. http://www.24ur.com/novice/gospodarstvo/recesije-je-konec-bruselj-nam-napoveduje-rast.html
  50. http://www.sloveniatimes.com/light-at-the-end-of-the-tunnel-slovenia-technically-out-of-recession
  51. 1 2 "Macro database: GDP by Expenditures - Seasonally Adjusted (Quarterly, at 2006 prices, 1981-2013)". National Statistics - Republic of China (Taiwan). 29 November 2013.
  52. "Gross Domestic Product 1993 until Q3/2013: Table 6.1 - Gross National Product and GDP at 1988 Prices (Seasonally Adjusted) q-o-q Growth Rate" (XLS). Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board (Thailand). 18 November 2013.
  53. 1 2 "Quarterly gross domestic product estimates of Ukraine for 2001 – 2012" (PDF). Seasonally Adjustment of gross domestic product at constant prices of 2007 (Table 5.1 - Gross Domestic Product, page 99). State Statistics Service Of Ukraine. 30 August 2013.
  54. "ЕКСПРЕС-ВИПУСК: ВАЛОВИЙ ВНУТРІШНІЙ ПРОДУКТ УКРАЇНИ ЗА 1 КВАРТАЛ - 4 КВАРТАЛ 2012 РОКУ - ВАЛОВИЙ ВНУТРІШНІЙ ПРОДУКТ ВИРОБНИЧИМ МЕТОДОМ (RAPID RELEASE: GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF UKRAINE Q1-Q4 2012 - Gross domestic product production methods)" (Zip PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service Of Ukraine. 17 March 2014.
  55. "ЕКСПРЕС-ВИПУСК: ВАЛОВИЙ ВНУТРІШНІЙ ПРОДУКТ УКРАЇНИ ЗА 1 КВАРТАЛ - 4 КВАРТАЛ 2013 РОКУ - ВАЛОВИЙ ВНУТРІШНІЙ ПРОДУКТ ВИРОБНИЧИМ МЕТОДОМ (RAPID RELEASE: GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF UKRAINE Q1-Q4 2013 - Gross domestic product production methods)" (Zip PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service Of Ukraine. 11 March 2014.
  56. 1 2 "Quarterly National Accounts - National accounts aggregates (ABMI Gross Domestic Product: chained volume measures: Seasonally adjusted £m, constant prices)". Office for National Statistics. 20 December 2013.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Thursday, February 04, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.