2011 in paleomammalogy
Newly named non-eutherian mammals
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Cenomanian |
A "saber-toothed" dryolestoid. |
||||
Species |
Valid |
|
Hauterivian to Barremian |
A dryolestidan mammal. |
||||
Guggenheimia crocheti[3] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Itaboraí Basin |
A protodidelphid "ameridelphian", a species of Guggenheimia. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Hauterivian/Barremian |
A eobaatarid or a possible plagiaulacid multituberculate. |
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Middle Pleistocene |
A Koala. |
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Aptian |
An "eutriconodont". |
||||
Lutreolina materdei[7] |
Species |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene (Huayquerian) |
A relative of lutrine opossum. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Early Miocene |
|||||
Species |
Valid |
|
Aptian-Albian |
A deltatheroidan mammal. |
||||
Peradectes coprexeches[10] |
Species |
Valid |
|
Early Paleocene |
A peradectid metatherian, a species of Peradectes. |
|||
Periprotodidelphis[3] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Itaboraí Basin |
A protodidelphid "ameridelphian". The type species is Periprotodidelphis bergqvistae. |
|||
Sairadelphys[11] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Pleistocene |
A relative of Kalinowski's mouse opossum. The type species is Sairadelphys tocantinensis. |
|||
Species |
Valid |
|
Bathonian |
|||||
Swaindelphys encinensis[10] |
Species |
Valid |
|
Early Paleocene |
A herpetotheriid metatherian, a species of Swaindelphys. |
|||
Swaindelphys johansoni[10] |
Species |
Valid |
|
Early Paleocene |
A herpetotheriid metatherian, a species of Swaindelphys. |
|||
Newly named eutherians
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adelpharctos ginsburgi[13] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Oligocene |
A hemicyonine bear, a species of Adelpharctos. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Middle Eocene |
Gebel Hof Formation |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Middle Miocene |
Calatayud-Daroca Basin |
An ailuropodine bear, originally described as a species of Agriarctos. It was later made the type species of the genus Kretzoiarctos.[16] |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene to early Pliocene |
A bear, a species of Agriotherium. |
||||
Alilepus elongatus[18] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene |
Dhok Pathan Formation |
|||
Alilepus meini[19] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Miocene (early Messinian) |
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Ypresian |
An astrapotherian. |
||||
Arazamys[21] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene (Huayquerian) |
Camacho Formation |
A dinomyid rodent. The type species is Arazamys castiglionii. |
||
Asilifelis[22] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Lower Miocene |
Hiwegi Formation |
A felid. The type species is Asilifelis coteae. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene (Hemphillian) |
|||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Middle/Late Puercan |
A cimolestid cimolesta. |
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Ypresian |
Ghazij Formation |
||||
Brachygaulus[26] |
Gen. et 3 sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Early Oligocene (Orellan) |
A rodent related to mylagaulids and the mountain beaver. The type species is Brachygaulus nicholsi; genus also contains Brachygaulus leistneri and Brachygaulus xerobothrus. |
|||
Species |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene or Pliocene. |
Aisol Formation |
A cardiomyine rodent, a species of Caviodon. |
|||
Cernictis repenningi[28] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Miocene (middle Hemphillian) |
A galictine mustelid, a species of Cernictis. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Paleocene |
|||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Middle Puercan |
A cimolestid cimolesta. |
||||
Species |
Valid |
|
Middle Pliocene |
|||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Colhuehuapian |
Cerro Bandera Formation |
An astrapotheriid. |
|||
Species |
Valid |
|
Late Eocene-Early Oligocene |
Otuma Formation |
A basilosaurid cetacean. |
| ||
Delotrochanter[33] |
Gen. et 3 sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
A temnocyonine. The type species is Delotrochanter oryktes; genus also contains D. petersoni and D. major |
||||
Species |
Valid |
|
Middle Eocene |
A brontotheriid. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Early Paleocene (Puercan) |
A triisodontid, a species of Eoconodon. |
||||
Species |
Valid |
|
Ypresian |
Ghazij Formation |
A brontotheriid. |
| ||
Equus (Sussemionus) ovodovi[36] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Pleistocene |
A species of Equus. |
|||
Eumys euryodus[37] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Oligocene (Whitneyan) |
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Eocene |
A rodent-like notoungulate. |
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
A small ground sloth. |
|||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Pleistocene |
Mesa Formation |
A machairodontine felid, a species of Homotherium. |
|||
Species |
Valid |
|
late Miocene/early Pliocene | new species in the genus Hystrix (Old World porcupine). | ||||
Jacobsomys dailyi[42] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Miocene (late Hemphillian) |
A sigmodontine rodent, a species of Jacobsomys. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
A basal eutherian. The type species is Juramaia sinensis. |
|||||
Karydomys debruijni[44] |
Species |
Valid |
|
Early Miocene |
||||
Species |
Valid |
|
Irrawaddy Formation |
A hominoid. |
| |||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Deseadan |
|||||
Lazibemys[47] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Eocene |
Glib Zegdou Formation |
A zegdoumyid anomaluromorph rodent. The type species is Lazibemys zegdouensis. |
||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
?Uintan-Duchesnean |
| ||||
Mammacyon ferocior[33] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Mid- or early late Arikareean |
A temnocyonine, a species of Mammacyon |
|||
Martes ginsburgi[49] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Upper Miocene |
A marten. |
|||
Megacricetodon beijiangensis[44] |
Species |
Valid |
|
Early Miocene |
A cricetid, a species of Megacricetodon. |
|||
Megapeomys repenningi[50] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Early Miocene |
Nakamura Formation |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Uintan |
Devil’s Graveyard Formation |
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
A small odd-toed ungulate of uncertain phylogenetic position, possibly related to Tapiromorpha. The type species is Mesolambdolophus setoni. |
|||||
Mesoprocta[53] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Croft, Chick & Anaya |
Middle Miocene |
A dasyproctid rodent. The type species is Mesoprocta hypsodus. |
|||
Microcardiodon[54] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez & Vucetich |
Middle Miocene |
A member of Hystricognathi, a cavioid rodent. The type species is Microcardiodon williensis. |
|||
Microtus (Pedomys) parmaleei[55] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Latest Pleistocene |
An arvicoline rodent, a species of Microtus. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Huayquerian |
A megatheriid sloth. |
||||
Miotomodon[23] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene (Hemphillian) |
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Earliest Eocene |
A mesonychian. |
||||
Nevadomys[58] |
Gen. et 3 sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Pliocene (Blancan) |
A relative of the long-clawed mole vole. The type species is Nevadomys fejfari; genus also contains Nevadomys lindsayi and Nevadomys downsi. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Early Pliocene |
| ||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Bartonian |
Paracas Formation |
A basilosaurid cetacean. |
|||
Oldrichpedetes[61] |
Gen. et comb. et 3 sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Early Miocene to early Pliocene |
A pedetid rodent, a new genus for "Megapedetes" pickfordi (Mein & Senut, 2003). Genus also contains 3 new species: Oldrichpedetes fejfari, O. brigitteae and O. praecursor. |
|||
Paranotiosorex[62] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Pliocene |
A shrew. The type species is Paranotiosorex panacaensis. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene (Hemphillian) |
|||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Early Tiffanian |
A palaechthonid plesiadapiform. |
||||
Pliosaccomys prowitteorum[64] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene (Hemphillian) |
A pocket gopher, a species of Pliosaccomys. | |||
Pliospalax complicatus[65] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Miocene |
||||
Postcopemys[66] |
Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
|
Pliocene (late Hemphillian and early Blancan) |
A cricetid rodent. The type species is Postcopemys repenningi; genus also contains Postcopemys maxumensis, as well as "Peromyscus" valensis Shotwell (1967) and "Copemys" vasquezi Jacobs (1977). |
|||
Prothomomys[42] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Miocene (late Hemphillian) |
A gopher. The type species is Prothomomys warrenensis. |
|||
Species |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene |
A bovid. |
||||
Species |
Valid |
|
Maastrichtian |
A species of Protungulatum. |
||||
Quebradahondomys[53] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Croft, Chick & Anaya |
Middle Miocene |
An adelphomyine spiny rat. The type species is Quebradahondomys potosiensis. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Pliocene (early Blancan) |
|||||
Rudiocyon[33] |
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
A temnocyonine. The type species is Rudiocyon amplidens |
||||
Rusingapedetes[61] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Early Miocene |
A pedetid rodent. The type species is Rusingapedetes tsujikawai. |
|||
Species |
Valid |
|
Miocene |
|||||
Sicista primus[70] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Early Miocene (~17 Ma) |
A birch mouse. |
|||
Sinapospalax berdikensis[65] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Miocene |
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Bartonian |
Paracas Formation |
A basilosaurid cetacean. |
|||
Tapirus rondoniensis[71] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Pleistocene |
Rio Madeira Formation |
A tapir. |
||
Temnocyon fingeruti[33] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Latest Oligocene, late mid-Arikareean |
A temnocyonine, a species of Temnocyon |
|||
Temnocyon macrogenys[33] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Latest Arikareean |
Anderson Ranch Formation |
A temnocyonine, a species of Temnocyon |
||
Temnocyon subferox[33] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Early Arikareean |
A temnocyonine, a species of Temnocyon |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Middle - Late Miocene |
A short-snouted shrew. |
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Paleocene/Earliest Eocene |
Muñami Formation |
A didolodontid "condylarth". |
|||
Notes
- ↑ Archibald, Zhang, Harper and Cifelli
References
- ↑ Guillermo W. Rougier, Sebastián Apesteguía and Leandro C. Gaetano (2011). "Highly specialized mammalian skulls from the Late Cretaceous of South America". Nature 479 (7371): 98–102. Bibcode:2011Natur.479...98R. doi:10.1038/nature10591. Supplementary information
- ↑ Gloria Cuenca-Bescós, Ainara Badiola, Josė I.Canudo, Josė M. Gasca and Miguel Moreno-Azanza (2011). "New dryolestidan mammal from the Hauterivian–Barremian transition of the Iberian Peninsula". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (2): 257–267. doi:10.4202/app.2009.0157.
- 1 2 Édison V. Oliveira and Francisco J. Goin (2011). "A reassessment of bunodont metatherians from the Paleogene of Itaboraí (Brazil): systematics and age of the Itaboraian SALMA". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 14 (2): 105–136. doi:10.4072/rbp.2011.2.01.
- ↑ Ainara Badiola; José Ignacio Canudo; Gloria Cuenca-Bescós (2011). "A systematic reassessment of Early Cretaceous multituberculates from Galve (Teruel, Spain)". Cretaceous Research 32 (1): 45–57. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.10.003.
- ↑ Gilbert J. Price and Scott A. Hocknull (2011). "Invictokoala monticola gen. et sp. nov. (Phascolarctidae, Marsupialia), a Pleistocene plesiomorphic koala holdover from Oligocene ancestors". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 9 (2): 327–335. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.504079.
- ↑ Jin Meng, Yuanqing Wang and Chuankui Li (2011). "Transitional mammalian middle ear from a new Cretaceous Jehol eutriconodont". Nature 472 (7342): 181–185. Bibcode:2011Natur.472..181M. doi:10.1038/nature09921. PMID 21490668.
- ↑ Francisco J. Goin and Martín de los Reyes (2011). "Contribución al conocimiento de los representantes extintos de Lutreolina Thomas, 1910 (Mammalia, Marsupialia, Didelphidae)" (PDF). Historia Natural, Tercera Serie 1 (2): 15–25.
- ↑ Michael Archer, Robin Beck, Miranda Gott, Suzanne Hand, Henk Godthelp and Karen Black (2011). "Australia's first fossil marsupial mole (Notoryctemorphia) resolves controversies about their evolution and palaeoenvironmental origins". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 22 (278): 1498–1506. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1943.
- ↑ Brian M. Davis and Richard L. Cifelli (2011). "Reappraisal of the tribosphenidan mammals from the Trinity Group (Aptian-Albian) of Texas and Oklahoma". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (3): 441–462. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0037.
- 1 2 3 Thomas E. Williamson and Louis H. Taylor (2011). "New species of Peradectes and Swaindelphys (Mammalia: Metatheria) from the Early Paleocene (Torrejonian) Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA". Palaeontologia Electronica 14 (3): 23A.
- ↑ Édison Vicente Oliveira, Patricia Villa Nova, Francisco J. Goin, Leonardo dos Santos Avilla (2011). "A new hyladelphine marsupial (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) from cave deposits of northern Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa 3041: 51–62.
- ↑ A. O. Averianov, A. V. Lopatin and S. A. Krasnolutskii (2011). "The first Haramiyid (Mammalia, Allotheria) from the Jurassic of Russia". Doklady Biological Sciences 437 (1): 103–106. doi:10.1134/S0012496611020074.
- ↑ L. de Bonis (2011). "A new species of Adelpharctos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France)". Estudios Geológicos 67 (2): 179–186. doi:10.3989/egeol.40553.181.
- ↑ Giovanni Bianucci and Philip D. Gingerich (2011). "Aegyptocetus tarfa, n. gen. et sp. (Mammalia, Cetacea), from the middle Eocene of Egypt: clinorhynchy, olfaction, and hearing in a protocetid whale". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (6): 1173–1188. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.607985.
- ↑ J. Abella, P. Montoya, J. Morales (2011). "A New species of Agriarctos (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae, Carnivora) in the locality of Nombrevilla 2 (Zaragoza, Spain)". Estudios Geológicos 67 (2): 187–191. doi:10.3989/egeol.40714.182.
- ↑ Juan Abella, David M. Alba, Josep M. Robles, Alberto Valenciano, Cheyenn Rotgers, Raül Carmona, Plinio Montoya and Jorge Morales (2012). "Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the Oldest Member of the Giant Panda Clade". PLoS ONE 7 (11): e48985. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...748985A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048985.
- ↑ Shintaro Ogino, Naoko Egi, Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein, Thaung-Htike and Masanaru Takai (2011). "New species of Agriotherium (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the late Miocene to early Pliocene of central Myanmar". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 42 (3): 408–414. Bibcode:2011JAESc..42..408O. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.05.017.
- ↑ Alisa J. Winkler, Lawrence J. Flynn and Yukimitsu Tomida (2011). "Fossil lagomorphs from the Potwar Plateau, northern Pakistan". Palaeontologia Electronica 14 (3): Article Number 14.3.38A.
- ↑ Chiara Angelone and Lorenzo Rook (2011). "Alilepus meini nov. sp. (Leporidae, Lagomorpha) from the Early Messinian of Tuscany (central-western Italy)". Geobios 44 (2–3): 151–156. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2010.11.003.
- ↑ Mariano Bond, Alejandro Kramarz, Ross D. E. MacPhee and Marcelo Reguero (2011). "A new astrapothere (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from La Meseta Formation, Seymour (Marambio) Island, and a reassessment of previous records of Antarctic astrapotheres" (PDF). American Museum Novitates 3718: 16 pp. doi:10.1206/3718.2.
- ↑ Andrés Rinderknecht, Enrique Bostelmann T. and Martín Ubilla (2011). "New genus of giant Dinomyidae (Rodentia: Hystricognathi: Caviomorpha) from the late Miocene of Uruguay". Journal of Mammalogy 92 (1): 169–178. doi:10.1644/10-MAMM-A-099.1.
- ↑ L. Werdelin (2011). "A new genus and species of Felidae (Mammalia) from Rusinga Island, Kenya, with notes on early Felidae of Africa". Estudios Geológicos 67 (2): 217–222. doi:10.3989/egeol.40480.185.
- 1 2 3 William W. Korth (2011). "New Species of Cricetid Rodents (Mammalia) from the Late Miocene (Hemphillian) Previously Referred to Peromyscus pliocenicus Wilson". Annals of Carnegie Museum 79 (2): 137–147. doi:10.2992/007.079.0205.
- 1 2 Thomas E. Williamson, Anne Weil and Barbara Standhardt (2011). "Cimolestids (Mammalia) from the early Paleocene (Puercan) of New Mexico". Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 31 (1): 162–180. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.539649.
- 1 2 Pieter Missiaen, Gregg F. Gunnell and Philip D. Gingerich (2011). "New Brontotheriidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Early and Middle Eocene of Pakistan with Implications for Mammalian Paleobiogeography". Journal of Paleontology 85 (4): 665–677. doi:10.1666/10-087.1.
- ↑ William W. Korth and Alan R. Tabrum (2011). "A New Aplodontoid Rodent (Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene (Orellan) of Montana and a Suggested Origin for the Family Mylagaulidae". Annals of Carnegie Museum 80 (1): 67–81. doi:10.2992/007.080.0107.
- ↑ María Guiomar Vucetich, Cecilia M. Deschamps, Cecilia C. Morgan and Analía M. Forasiepi (2011). "A new species of Cardiomyinae (Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) from western Argentina. Its age and considerations on ontogeny and diversity of the subfamily". Ameghiniana 48 (4): 556–567. doi:10.5710/amgh.v48i4(459).
- ↑ Jon A. Baskin (2011). "A new species of Cernictis (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Late Miocene Bidahochi Formation of Arizona, USA". Palaeontologia Electronica 14 (3): Article Number 14.3.26A.
- ↑ Thomas E. Williamson and Anne Weil (2011). "A new early Paleocene (Puercan) hyopsodontid "condylarth" from New Mexico" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (2): 247–255. doi:10.4202/app.2009.0147.
- ↑ Deng, T., Wang, X., Fortelius, M., Li, Q., Wang, Y., Tseng, Z.J., Takeuchi, G.T., Saylor, J.E., Säilä, L.K. & Xie, G. (2011). "Out of Tibet: Pliocene Woolly Rhino Suggests High-Plateau Origin of Ice Age Megaherbivores". Science 6047: 1285–1288. Bibcode:2011Sci...333.1285D. doi:10.1126/science.1206594. PMID 21885780.
- ↑ Alejandro Kramarz and Mariano Bond (2011). "A new early Miocene astrapotheriid (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) from Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 260 (3): 277–287. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2011/0132.
- ↑ Martínez-Cáceres, M.; and Muizon, C. de (2011). "A new basilosaurid (Cetacea, Pelagiceti) from the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene Otuma Formation of Peru". C. R. Palevol 10 (7): 517–526. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2011.03.006.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Robert M. Hunt, Jr. (2011). "Evolution of large carnivores during the mid-Cenozoic of North America : the temnocyonine radiation (Mammalia, Amphicyonidae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 358: 1–153. doi:10.1206/358.1.
- ↑ Matthew C. Mihlbachler (2011). "A new uintan horned brontothere from Wyoming and the evolution of canine size and sexual dimorphism in the Brontotheriidae (Perissodactyla: Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (1): 202–214. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.539653.
- ↑ William A. Clemens (2011). "Eoconodon ("Triisodontidae," Mammalia) from the Early Paleocene (Puercan) of northeastern Montana, USA". Palaeontologia Electronica 14 (3): Article Number 14.3.22A.
- ↑ Véra Eisenmann and Vasiliev Sergej (2011). "Unexpected finding of a new Equus species (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) belonging to a supposedly extinct subgenus in late Pleistocene deposits of Khakassia (Southwestern Siberia)". Geodiversitas 33 (3): 519–530. doi:10.5252/g2011n3a5.
- ↑ William W. Korth (2011). "Review of the Species of Eumys Leidy, 1856 (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the Oligocene (Orellan to Arikareean) of North America". Annals of Carnegie Museum 79 (2): 79–90. doi:10.2992/007.079.0201.
- ↑ López, D.A.G.; and Powell, J.E. (2011). "Griphotherion peiranoi, gen. et sp. nov., a new Eocene Notoungulata (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from northwestern Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 1117–1130. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.599464.
- ↑ Pujos, F.; Iuliis, G. de.; and Quispe, B.M. (2011). "Hiskatherium saintandrei, gen. et sp. nov.: an unusual sloth from the Santacrucian of Quebrada Honda (Bolivia) and an overview of middle Miocene, small megatherioids". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (3): 1131–1149. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.599463.
- ↑ Ascanio D. Rincón, Francisco J. Prevosti and Gilberto E. Parra (2011). "New saber-toothed cat records (Felidae: Machairodontinae) for the Pleistocene of Venezuela, and the Great American Biotic Interchange". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (2): 468–478. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550366.
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