2014 Jerusalem synagogue attack

2014 Jerusalem synagogue attack
Location Har Nof, Jerusalem, Israel
Date 18 November 2014 (2014-11-18)
Deaths 5 (4 civilians, 1 police officer) + 2 terrorist attackers
Non-fatal injuries
 7 civilians
Perpetrators Uday Abu Jamal and Ghassan Abu Jamal

On the morning of 18 November 2014, two Palestinian men from Jerusalem entered Kehilat Bnei Torah synagogue, in the Har Nof neighborhood of Jerusalem, Israel, and attacked the praying congregants with axes, knives, and a gun. They killed four dual-nationality worshippers, and critically wounded a responding Druze Israeli police officer, who later died of his wounds. They also injured seven male worshippers,[1] one of whom never woke up from a coma and died 11 months later. The two attackers were then shot dead by the police.

Several initial reports claimed that the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) had declared responsibility for the attack;[2][3][4][5] Other sources say declarations by PFLP militants were either confused or that the group itself disclaimed responsibility.[6][7][8] Israeli authorities stated that 'it seemed the men had acted alone'.[9]

It was the deadliest terror attack in Jerusalem since the Mercaz HaRav massacre in March 2008.[10][11][12] The attack was one of a number of violent attacks on Israelis in the summer and autumn of 2014 being called an intifada by some news sources, despite no official intifada being organized by a Palestinian group, as they were in the first and second intifadas.[13]

The UN Security Council condemned the "despicable terrorist attack" in the Jerusalem synagogue.[14]

Attack

At approximately 07:00, during the weekday Shacharit morning prayer, as the worshipers were saying the silent amidah standing prayer, two Arab men from Jerusalem entered Kehilat Bnei Torah synagogue, in the Har Nof neighborhood of Jerusalem, Israel, and attacked the worshippers with axes, meat cleavers, and a gun.[15][16][17][18]

One of the worshippers fought back and hit a terrorist on the head with a chair twice, before escaping upstairs.

The terrorists killed four dual-national worshipers and a responding Druze Israeli police officer, and injured seven male worshipers,[1] one of whom never woke up from a coma and died 11 months later. It was the deadliest terror attack in Jerusalem since the Mercaz HaRav massacre in March 2008.[10][11][12]

Two traffic policemen who heard gunfire came running to the synagogue, and engaged the attackers in a gun battle.[15] A third policeman arrived shortly after, and shot both attackers dead. Two policemen were wounded, one of whom subsequently died from his injuries.[18]

The first responder was a Druze Israeli police officer, Zidan Saif. He was critically wounded when he was shot in the head during the ensuing gun battle, and later died.[19]

The perpetrators shouted "Allahu Akbar!" as they attacked the worshipers.[15][20][21][22][23]

Victims

Killed were American-Israelis Rabbi Moshe Twersky (59; head of the Toras Moshe kollel, son of Harvard professor Rabbi Isadore Twersky, and part of a Boston rabbinical dynasty); Rabbi Calman Levine (55); and Rabbi Aryeh Kopinsky (43); and British-Israeli Rabbi Avraham Shmuel Goldberg (68).[1][15][24][25] — the first four rabbis resided in Har Nof; and Master Sergeant Zidan Saif (30), the Druze police officer shot in the head during the attack and rescue response, who later died from his wounds.[24][26] Saif lived in the Northern Israeli Druze village of Yanuh-Jat, and was father of a 4-month-old daughter.[15][27]

Seven other male worshipers were wounded by the attackers, two seriously.[24] One of the injured victims, Howard (Chaim) Rotman, having spent nearly a year in a vegetative coma due to multiple cleaver wounds to the face and head,[28][29] died of his wounds on October 23, 2015.[30]

Perpetrators

The perpetrators, cousins Uday Abu Jamal (22) and Ghassan Muhammad Abu Jamal (32), came from the East Jerusalem neighborhood of Jabel Mukaber, and worked at a grocery store near the synagogue.[17][24][31] The two attackers were relatives of PFLP affiliate Jamal Abu Jamal, sentenced to 22 years in prison for attempted murder,[32] released by Israel as part of the 2013–14 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks.[15][33]

Abed Abu Jamal's widow, Nadia, was served with a demolition order on her house in East Jerusalem. her residency rights have been revoked, and she will be expelled to her family home in the West Bank. Her 3 children, Walid (6), Salma (4) and Mohammed (3), the last of which suffers from a heart condition, are permitted to stay in East Jerusalem, as their birth-place, but their rights to all social benefits, including medical coverage has been cancelled. She is protesting the measures, which she calls an example of collective punishment. She said that "If we'd known that my husband was planning an attack, of course we would have stopped him" while her in-laws said that they could not come to terms with what pushed Ghassan and Uday to attack the place of worship.[34]

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) was initially reported as claiming responsibility for the attack.[2] HHani Thawbta, a PFLP leader in the Gaza Strip, stated: "We declare full responsibility of the PFLP for the execution of this heroic operation conducted by our heroes".[35] On the PFLP's website, Khalil Maqdesi of the PFLP's Central Committee said the "occupation" was responsible, and that "The PFLP will continue to target every institution of the occupation."[36] Israeli authorities said 'it seemed the men had acted alone'.[9] The police chief had initially said that though his investigation was not complete, he believed it appeared to be a lone wolf attack.[37]

The two men were reportedly affiliated with the PFLP,[38] and the PFLP identified the two as its members,[5] but their family said that they were unaware if that was the case.[39] According to some family members the attackers did not belong to any armed group.[40]

Motives

Two relatives of the attackers said the attack was motivated by what the attackers saw as "threats of a Jewish takeover of Al Aqsa", and the death of a Palestinian bus driver, Youssef al-Ramouni, in Jerusalem's Har Hotzvim bus depot.[15] Israeli authorities said an autopsy found only evidence of suicide, and that a Palestinian pathologist who attended the autopsy, Dr. Saber al-Aloul, initially agreed with the finding.[9][41][42] However, the doctor later said the results pointed towards an "organized killing";[43][44] many Palestinians believe the bus driver was murdered by Israeli settlers.[45]

Speculation circulated in the Israeli media that the attack on the synagogue worshipers might have been motivated by a desire of the assailants to avenge the kidnapping and murder of Mohammed Abu Khdeir, since the father of the prime suspect in that case resides in Har Nof.[46][47]

Impact on government policy

In response to this and other incidents in a spate of other attacks on Jews in the summer and fall of 2014, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu moved to ease tensions with the Arab world, urging an end to visits to the Temple Mount government ministers and MKs.[48] In addition, Israel re-instituted the policy of demolishing the homes of Palestinian perpetrators and revoking the residency status of their near relatives.[49] In an unprecedented move it said was intended to deter would-be future attacks, Israel refrained from releasing the bodies of the dead attackers to their families.[50] Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu ordered the demolition of the attackers' homes.[51] Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Ya'alon stated that in light of the recent string of attacks Israel would freeze a series of planned steps to ease life for Palestinians living in the West Bank, including new roadways.[52]

Response

The synagogue which was the site of the attack reopened the following day, once again with shacharit services.[53] The congregation continues to employ Arab workers.[54]

In response to the incident, many protests were conducted around the world. Rabbi Avi Weiss conducted a protest at the Palestinian Embassy in New York City.[55] Ten Jewish men were arrested at a protest in Jerusalem,[56] and 23 others were arrested attempting to block the Jerusalem Light Rail.[57] Memorial services were held in many communities.[58]

Thousands attended Zidan Saif's funeral, including President Reuven Rivlin, Minister of Internal Security Yitzhak Aharonovich, and Chief of Police Yohanan Danino.[59]

The FBI will join Israeli authorities in an investigation of the attacks, with an eye to whether any organizations or individuals assisted the attackers, and can be prosecuted.[15]

Demonstrations and celebrations were staged in Gaza with Palestinians bearing portraits of the two attackers as well as hatchets of the type used in the terror attack.[60][61]

Reactions

By country

Other entities

Media coverage

The attack was reported live on CNN, with details emerging as they became available; CNN's scrolling banner – which changed several times throughout the broadcast, initially read: "Casualties in Jerusalem Synagogue Attack", and later "Israeli Govt. Radio: Police Shot, Killed Two Palestinians."[95]

The incident was covered by all major news outlets. The Star Tribune ran a Steve Sack editorial cartoon showing the dove of peace weeping as its olive branch was spattered with blood from the "synagogue massacre".[96] CBC News headlined their report on the attack with: "Jerusalem police fatally shoot 2 after apparent synagogue attack".[97][98] The Guardian removed all reference to Palestinians from the Reuters dispatch it ran.[98]

In one CNN broadcast a day later, the banner briefly read "Deadly Attack on Jerusalem Mosque".[98][99] People on all sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict complained of media bias.[97][100][101] Yossi Dagan, Media Relations Liaison for the Samaria Regional Council, an organization serving settlers in the West Bank, as well as Ido Kenan of the Jerusalem Post, complained that CNN and its reporters had exhibited bias, blaming reporter Ben Wedeman for not providing more information than was available at the time, and for the erroneous onscreen banner. Wedeman responded, by way of a tweet, that he does not write headlines, and CNN apologized for the mistake that day.[102]

A headline in the French daily Le Monde read "Six killed in Jerusalem". Following a protest from the Israeli embassy in Paris, Le Monde changed the headline to specify that four Israelis and "two Palestinian attackers" had been killed.[103] British political theorist Alan Johnson slammed the news coverage, describing coverage such as the Amira Hass report in Haaretz describing alleged "despair and anger that pushed the Abu Jamals to attack Jews in a synagogue (emphasis added)", as "racist" because it robs Arabs of moral agency, attributing moral agency exclusively to Jews. He described the media outlets that took these positions, CNN, the CBC, Haaretz, and The Guardian, as being "a bit racist" in taking an "Orientalist view of the Palestinians as the Other", and regarding them as "noble savages".[98]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Soffer, Ari (18 November 2014). "Synagogue Massacre Victim Identified as Rabbi Moshe Twersky". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  2. 1 2 "Jerusalem synagogue attack: Popular Front for Liberation of Palestine claims responsibility". The Independent.
  3. ↑ "Israel Shaken by 5 Deaths in Synagogue Assault", The New York Times
  4. ↑ "Jerusalem synagogue axe attack kills five". Telegraph. 18 November 2014.
  5. 1 2 "PFLP Claims Responsibility for Jerusalem synagogue attack". The Hindu. 18 November 2014.
  6. ↑ Khaled Abu Toameh, "Palestinian terror group PFLP: To early talk about responsibility for 'heroic' synagogue attack" Jerusalem Post 18 November 2014:'Conflicted reports emerged in the Palestinian media about a Palestinian terror group claiming responsibility for the deadly attack at a Jerusalem synagogue on Tuesday. A spokesman for the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) stated that it was "premature" to talk about his organization's responsibility for the attack he labeled as "heroic".'
  7. ↑ 'Synagogue attack: Israel vows retribution, demolishes Palestinian homes,' Al-Araby 19 November 2014:'It was initially reported that the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) had claimed the attack, but the group later denied that, stating that they had merely supported those who carried it out."We bless the operation and the two young men who carried it out," said Jamil Mizher, the leader of the PFLP, to al-Araby al-Jadeed."But we have not received any confirmation that it was planned by the PFLP, even though it was consistent with the history of the PFLP," Mizher said.
  8. ↑ Ben Cohen, 'Overlooked Palestinian terror group returns with a vengeance,' Sun-Sentinel 24 November 2014:'the PFLP didn't explicitly claim responsibility for the atrocity at the synagogue in the Har Nof neighborhood, it did laud the attack while describing the two assailants, cousins Ghassan and Odai Abu Jamal, as "PFLP comrades".'
  9. 1 2 3 "Israel Shaken by 5 Deaths in Synagogue Assault". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  10. 1 2 DEATH TOLL AT 5 IN JERUSALEM SYNAGOGUE ATTACK, 7online.com; retrieved 18 November 2014.
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  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Jodi Rudoren, Isabel Kershner,' Israel Shaken by 5 Deaths in Synagogue Assault,' New York Times, 18 November 2014.
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  20. ↑ Thornhill, Ted (18 November 2014). "British rabbi and three Americans slaughtered in Jerusalem synagogue attack: Worshippers killed at dawn by fanatics screaming 'God is great' armed with knives, axes and guns". Daily Mail. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  21. ↑ Li, David (18 November 2014). "Cops storm home of terrorists who slaughtered 4 rabbis". New York Post. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  22. ↑ Berman, Lazer (18 November 2014). "Four killed in terror attack at Jerusalem synagogue". Times of Israel. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  23. ↑ Booth, William (19 November 2014). "Four killed in terror attack at Jerusalem synagogue". Washington Post.
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  26. ↑ "BREAKING: Officer Dies, Becomes 5th Victim of Today’s Jerusalem Attack", jspacenews.com; retrieved 18 November 2014.
  27. ↑ Rosenberg, Yair (19 November 2014). "Remembering the Druze Officer Who Died Defending the Jerusalem Synagogue". Tablet. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  28. ↑ "Toronto - UJA Raises $150K To Help Family Of Canadian Man Severely Injured In Jerusalem Synagogue Attack". vosizneias.com.
  29. ↑ "Howie’s Condition // Help Rothman Update for May 2015". helprothman.wordpress.com.
  30. ↑ "BDE: Har Nof Massacre Victim Rav Chaim Yechiel Rothman HYD".
  31. ↑ "The Images I Saw Inside the Synagogue Reminded Me of Images from the Holocaust"; retrieved 18 November 2014.
  32. ↑ http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=448&doc_id=10560
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  34. ↑ makes Palestinian family pay for synagogue attack,' Ma'an News Agency 28 November 2014.
  35. ↑ "Armed Men Launch Attack On Jerusalem Synagogue, Killing At Least 4". The Huffington Post.
  36. ↑ "Occupation is responsible for escalation in Jerusalem". PFLP.
  37. ↑ Police chief: Lone wolves apparently carried out deadly attack at Jerusalem synagogue – Retrieved 18 November 2014
  38. ↑ "4 Israelis killed in terror attack at Jerusalem synagogue". Israel Hayom. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
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  40. ↑ Arwa Ibrahim (18 November 2014). "Conflicting reports: Were the Jerusalem attackers PFLP?". Middle East Eye.
  41. ↑ "Israeli Police: Arab doctor who attended bus driver's autopsy contradicting former consensus". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  42. ↑ "Palestinian coroner 'agreed Arab bus driver hanged himself'". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  43. ↑ "Palestinian family rejects suicide verdict on driver found hanged on bus". The Independent. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  44. ↑ Harriet Salem 'Lynching or Suicide? Conflicting Accounts of Palestinian Bus Driver’s Death Underscore Growing Tensions in Jerusalem', news.vice.com, 17 November 2014.
  45. 1 2 3 "Israel on Edge After Attackers Kill Five in Synagogue". New York Times. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
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  48. ↑ Amos Harel (17 September 2015). "Rocks Replaced Iran on Netanyahu's Agenda for Now". Haaretz. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  49. ↑ Casey, Nicholas (19 November 2014). "Israel Revives Demolitions of Palestinian Homes". Wall Street Journal.
  50. ↑ Hasson, Nir (19 November 2014). "Israel withholding bodies of Jerusalem assailants in unprecedented move;Hoped-for deterrent effect is cited in response to petition by family of the perpetrators of Tuesday’s attack in a Har Nof synagogue that killed five Israelis.". Haaretz. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  51. ↑ "Netanyahu orders demolition of terrorists' homes after synagogue attack", jpost.com; retrieved 18 November 2014.
  52. ↑ Ya'alon to freeze steps easing conditions for Palestinians amid security tensions – Retrieved 19 November 2014
  53. ↑ Worshipers return to Har Nof synagogue as Jerusalem tries to recover from attack – Retrieved 19 November 2014
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  66. ↑ Embassy of France in Washington (18 November 2014). Terror Attack in Jerusalem.
  67. ↑ Times Of Israel (18 November 2014). Kerry condemns Jerusalem attack, Palestinian incitement.
  68. ↑ "Guatemala condena ataque a sinagoga en Jerusalén que dejó siete muertos". EFE (LaInformacion.com). 20 November 2014.
  69. ↑ Netanyahu: Israel will 'respond decisively' to murder of Jews in synagogue terror attack – Retrieved 18 November 2014
  70. 1 2 "Jordanian parliament honors Jerusalem terrorists". ynet.
  71. ↑ "Jordanian PM sends condolence letter to families of Har Nof terrorists," Times of Israel (21 November 2014).
  72. ↑ Remie, Mirjam (18 November 2014). "Scherpe veroordeling aanval synagoge Jeruzalem" [Strong condemnation attack Jerusalem synagogue]. NRC Handelsblad. Retrieved 13 December 2014. Koenders:“Verschrikkelijk. Dit is een aanslag op een podium van de joodse religie in een synagoge. Dat betekent dat de situatie die we de afgelopen maanden hebben zien verscherpen, een religieuze achtergrond krijgt. En dat is levensgevaarlijk. Ik vind dit echt schokkend.
  73. ↑ Gobierno peruano condena masacre en sinagoga de Jerusalén, El Comercio (21 November 2014).
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  75. ↑ "Attack on a Synagogue in Jerusalem". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  76. ↑ "TURKEY AGAINST ATTACKS ON HOLY PLACES, FM ÇAVUŞOĞLU SAYS". Daily Sabah. 18 November 2014.
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  78. ↑ Watt, Holly (18 November 2014). "Baroness Warsi slapped down over Jerusalem massacre comments". The Telegraph. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  79. ↑ Obama 'strongly condemns' Jerusalem terror attack, noting US citizenship of 3 victims – Retrieved 18 November 2014
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  83. ↑ US lawmakers warn Abbas: Curb incitement or risk American aid to PA, Jerusalem Post – Retrieved 20 November 2014
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  85. ↑ "EU: Har Nof Massacre 'Condemnable by All Means'". Arutz Sheva. 19 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  86. ↑ Abbas condemns deadly attack on Jewish worshipers in Jerusalem synagogue – Retrieved 18 November 2014
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  88. ↑ Hamas: Jerusalem synagogue attack in response to death of Palestinian bus driver found hanged – Retrieved 18 November 2014
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  91. ↑ "Revelers in Rafah hand out sweets, brandish axes and posters in praise of terrorists". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
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  97. 1 2 "'Guardian' deletes reference to Palestinians, CNN labels synagogue 'mosque'". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  98. 1 2 3 4 Johnson, Alan (20 November 2014). "Blaming Israel for Palestinian violence is racist: it denies that Arabs are moral agents". The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
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