2015 Texas–Oklahoma flood and tornado outbreak

2015 Texas–Oklahoma and Mexico flood and tornado outbreak

Hydrograph of the Blanco River at Wimberley, Texas depicting the record flood event during the overnight of May 24–25
Date	May 23 – May 25
Location	Mexico, Great Plains, Southern United States
Deaths	47 total: 27 from flooding in Texas[1] 4 from flooding in Oklahoma[1] 14 from a tornado in Ciudad Acuña, Mexico[2] 1 from a tornado near Cameron, Texas[3] 1 from a tornado near Blue, Oklahoma[4] 11 missing from flooding in Texas[1]
Property damage	Unknown

Preceded by more than a week of heavy rain, a slow-moving storm system dropped tremendous precipitation across much of Texas and Oklahoma during the nights of May 24–26, 2015, triggering record-breaking floods. Additionally, many areas reported tornado activity and lightning.^[5] Particularly hard hit were areas along the Blanco River in Hays County, Texas, where entire blocks of homes were leveled. On the morning of May 26, the National Weather Service issued a flash flood emergency for southwest Harris County (which includes the city of Houston) and northeast Fort Bend County. The system also produced deadly tornadoes in parts of Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma.^[6]

Meteorological synopsis

Mammatus clouds formed over Bull Creek park after wave of Memorial Day storms in Austin, May 25, 2015.

According to Bob Henson from Wunderground, inflow of low-level moisture from the Gulf of Mexico and the combination of very slow moving large-scale storm systems set the stage for the floods. He added, Upper-level winds were largely aligned with the low-level frontal zone, an ideal setup for “training echoes” (successive downpours over the same area). In addition, rains were concentrated by several mesoscale convective vortices, small-scale centers of low-pressure that developed along the frontal bands, in some cases resembling mini-tropical cyclones.^[7] The stationary trough during May is linked to both the El Nino and amplified midlatitude short-wave train. ^[8]

Flooding

On May 14, 2015, prior to extensive flooding beginning around May 24, flash flood warnings were issued for counties in South East Texas.^[9] At least 31 people were killed, including 27 in Texas and 4 in Oklahoma, and another 11 remain missing.^[1]

Texas

Boat ramp and pier flooded at Caddo Lake State Park

Flooding along the Wichita River prompted evacuations of 390 homes in Wichita Falls. Projections from the National Weather Service indicated that the river would reach a record crest of 25.5 ft (7.8 m) on May 26.^[10] Up to 100,000 customers were without power.^[11]

Wichita Falls and Corpus Christi broke their previous records for all-time wettest month. Many parts in northern Texas recorded over 20 in (510 mm) of rain.^[12]

A 25-foot-by-25-foot sinkhole near a runway at the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport caused the closure of the runway for a few hours.^[13]

Also on May 25, historic flooding along Shoal Creek inundated House Park in Austin, Texas damaging the turf among other things and forcing the Austin Aztex to search for a temporary home.^[14]

Houston

More than 500 water rescues were carried out by firefighters, which involved for the most part stranded motorists. At least 2,500 vehicles were abandoned, when drivers had to seek higher grounds.^[15]

During the overnight of May 25–26, nearly 11 in (280 mm) of rain fell near Houston, setting off further flash floods. Two people drowned after being trapped in their cars while a third was later found in bayou.^[1] A fourth person lost their life when an evacuation boat capsized during the morning of May 26.^[16] On May 26, Houston Mayor Annise Parker, estimated up to 4,000 properties with significant damage.^[17]

Blanco River

During the overnight of May 24–25, more than 12 in (300 mm) fell along the watershed of the Blanco River. In just a few short hours, the river rose from roughly 5 ft (1.5 m) to a crest just over 41 ft (12 m), well over the 13 ft (4.0 m) flood-stage, near Wimberley.^[18][19] This broke the river's all-time peak of 32 ft (9.8 m) set in 1929. Tremendous flash flooding ensued as a result, with areas of Hays County being particularly hard hit.^[19]

Entire blocks of homes in Wimberley were swept away by a "tidal wave of water"^[1] with officials reporting 350–400 residences destroyed in the town alone. For the first time, the river covered portions of Interstate 35, shutting down traffic for hours. Large trees and debris were deposited across the roadway. The nearby Comal River saw similar flooding, with a stream gauge reporting its flow to have reached 223,000 ft³ (6,300 m³) per second before being washed away. Large piles of debris, some 20 ft (6.1 m) tall, were left behind across the area.^[19]

One person in San Marcos, Texas was confirmed dead.^[19] Thirteen people were carried away when the home they were in was swept downstream. Residents reported seeing it being destroyed after striking a bridge. One occupant was recovered with significant injuries while the other twelve remain missing.^[20] At least 1,200 people have been left homeless along the river.^[19]

Oklahoma

On May 23, flash flooding along Highway 20 near Claremore claimed the life of a firefighter attempting to rescue people in an apartment complex. He was pulled into a storm drain obscured by the rising waters and carried hundreds of yards away. A fellow firefighter attempting to save him was pulled in as well but managed to escape.^[21] The day also saw some roads submerged in as much as 9 inches (230 mm) of water, and thousands of OG&E customers experienced power outages as a result of the flooding in Oklahoma City and Del City.^[22]

A station Oklahoma City recorded 19.48 inches (495 mm) of rainfall in May 2015, which made it the all-time wettest month on record. Records date back to 1890.^[12]

From May 1 to May 25, 122 tornado warnings were reported by the National Weather Service in Oklahoma, more than in the same period

The Oklahoma Department of Transportation reported on May 26 that a number of highways were closed because of high water or damage from previous flooding.^[23]

Elsewhere

Louisiana

Flooding in Ruston, Louisiana on 18 May caused an eleven-year-old boy to drown in a submerged car along Colvin Creek.^[24]

Response

Texas counties under a state of emergency as of May 25

On May 24, voluntary evacuations were extended to include 2,177 homes near the Wichita River.^[25] On May 25, near Houston, about 400 homes were placed under mandatory evacuation orders downstream from the Louis Creek Dam.^[26]

On May 25, Texas Governor Greg Abbott declared a state of emergency for 24 counties as a result of the ongoing disaster, and called the floods the biggest in Texas history.^[27][28] On May 26, President Barack Obama announced federal resources to help affected areas in Texas, and signed a disaster declaration for Oklahoma.^[29][30] Houston Mayor Annise Parker declared a local state of disaster for the city of Houston on May 26.^[12]

On May 26, Governor Mary Fallin declared a state of emergency for all 77 counties in Oklahoma.^[31]

Climate change

A study by Utah State University ^[32] analyzed the pathway in which anthropogenic global warming contributed to the persistent precipitation in May 2015: Warming in the tropical Pacific acted to strengthen the teleconnection toward North America, modification of zonal wave-5 circulation that deepened the stationary trough west of Texas, and enhanced Great Plains low-level southerlies increasing moisture supply from the Gulf of Mexico. Attribution analysis indicated a significant increase in the El Niño-induced precipitation anomalies over Texas and Oklahoma when increases in the anthropogenic greenhouse gases were taken into account.

Studies by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography found for Texas, that precipitation totals have increased 10 percent in the last century, but mostly in eastern Texas, with more frequent, severe and longer drought conditions in west Texas.^[33]

The report Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment (NCA) from 2013 by NOAA, projects that parts of Texas, and parts of the Great Plains region can expect up to 30% (High emissions scenario based on CMIP3 and NARCCAP models) increase in extreme precipitation days by midcentury. This definition is based on days receiving more than one inch of rainfall.^[34]

A study from April 2015 concluded that about 18% of the moderate daily precipitation extremes over land are attributable to observed temperature increase since the Industrial Revolution, and that this primarily results from human influence.^[35][36]

Tornado events

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating

EF0	EF1	EF2	EF3	EF4	EF5	Total
28	38	7	2	0	0	75

• Note: One tornado in Mexico was rated F3 but is listed as EF3 in the above table for convenience.

May 23 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, May 23, 2015^{[note 1]}

EF#	Location	County / Parish	State	Start Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Max width	Damage[note 2]	Summary	Refs
EF0	WSW of Bosler	Albany	WY	41°32′09″N 105°50′35″W / 41.5357°N 105.843°W	1855 – 1900	0.3 mi (0.48 km)	35 yd (32 m)	$0	Tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	[37]
EF0	N of Pocasset	Grady	OK	35°11′24″N 98°00′11″W / 35.19°N 98.0031°W	2212 – 2232	6 mi (9.7 km)	500 yd (460 m)	$0	Four houses were damaged by this tornado.	[38]
EF0	N of Sulphur (1st tornado)	Murray	OK	34°31′28″N 96°58′12″W / 34.5245°N 96.97°W	2259 – 2307	3 mi (4.8 km)	40 yd (37 m)	$0	Tornado damaged a workshop building.	[39]
EF0	SE of Ada	Pontotoc	OK	N/A	2305	0.2 mi (0.32 km)	20 yd (18 m)	$0	Brief tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	[40]
EF0	N of Sulphur (2nd tornado)	Murray	OK	N/A	2310 – 2311	0.5 mi (0.80 km)	50 yd (46 m)	$0	Brief tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	[41]
EF1	E of Blanchard	McClain	OK	N/A	2311 – 2317	2 mi (3.2 km)	50 yd (46 m)	$0	Ten homes were damaged by this large tornado.	[42]
EF0	S of Stratford	Garvin	OK	N/A	2316	0.2 mi (0.32 km)	50 yd (46 m)	$0	Brief tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	[43]
EF1	NE of Francis	Pontotoc, Seminole	OK	N/A	2325 – 2333	3.75 mi (6.04 km)	100 yd (91 m)	$0	Tornado caused significant tree damage along its path.	[44][45]
EF0	WSW of Newcastle	McClain	OK	N/A	2330 – 2332	0.5 mi (0.80 km)	50 yd (46 m)	$0	Tornado remained over open country causing no damage.	[46]
EF1	SE of Maysville	Garvin	OK	N/A	0005	0.5 mi (0.80 km)	50 yd (46 m)	$0	A barn was destroyed by this brief tornado.	[47]
EF0	N of Holdenville	Hughes	OK	N/A	0013	0.2 mi (0.32 km)	50 yd (46 m)	$0	Brief tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	[48]
EF1	SSW of Balcones Heights	Bexar	TX	29°26′35″N 98°34′30″W / 29.4430°N 98.575°W	0116 – 0117	0.4 mi (0.64 km)	150 yd (140 m)		One home sustained major damage to its roof, and additional residences nearby sustained generally minor damage to their roofs and vehicles. A home's carport had its roof removed and displaced two blocks to the north. Trees were damaged.	[49]
EF0	SE of Panola	Latimer	OK	34°52′43″N 95°10′20″W / 34.8785°N 95.1722°W	0144 – 0147	1.6 mi (2.6 km)	75 yd (69 m)	$0	Large tree limbs were snapped by this weak tornado.	[50]
EF0	SE of Dripping Springs	Hays	TX	30°07′37″N 98°05′27″W / 30.1269°N 98.0909°W	0153 – 0200	5.8 mi (9.3 km)	100 yd (91 m)		Approximately 15 homes and numerous trees were damaged along the path.	[51]
EF1	NNW of Jonestown	Travis	TX	30°32′47″N 97°58′15″W / 30.5465°N 97.9708°W	0158 – 0200	1.3 mi (2.1 km)	200 yd (180 m)		A residence sustained roof and exterior wall damage as its front and back porches were destroyed.	[52]
EF0	Hays	Travis	TX	30°09′12″N 97°52′10″W / 30.1533°N 97.8694°W	0211 – 0213	2.5 mi (4.0 km)	200 yd (180 m)		Significant tree damage and minor roof damage was observed in Hays.	[52]
EF1	N of Liberty Hill	Williamson	TX	30°41′27″N 97°56′28″W / 30.6909°N 97.9411°W	0222 – 0234	3.1 mi (5.0 km)	200 yd (180 m)		Damage was largely confined to large oak trees. Seven to ten homes sustained damage mainly to their roofs, the most substantial instance being the complete less of a chimney. A barn had part of its roof ripped off.	[53]
EF0	NE of Jonestown	Travis, Williamson	TX	30°30′56″N 97°53′18″W / 30.5155°N 97.8883°W	0237 – 0238	1.2 mi (1.9 km)	125 yd (114 m)		Damage to trees and a school occurred.	[52]
EF1	Wells Branch	Travis	TX	30°21′54″N 97°41′06″W / 30.365°N 97.685°W	0239 – 0242	0.6 mi (0.97 km)	250 yd (230 m)		A business in town had its sheet metal roofing peeled back, and a stone brick sign was demolished. At an apartment complex, roofing shingles were damaged, large tree limbs were snapped, and a garbage dumpster was tossed. The second floor of a storage facility had its metal roof and walls collapsed. The tornado lifted and tossed 10 small moving trailers. Several power poles were blown over and additional tree limbs were snapped.	[54]
EF1	N of Wyldwood	Bastrop	TX	30°10′09″N 97°29′38″W / 30.1692°N 97.494°W	0243 – 0244	0.8 mi (1.3 km)	200 yd (180 m)		Several trees were uprooted, with several oaks sustaining substantial damage. Roof damage occurred at a residence.	[55]
EF0	WSW of Andice	Williamson	TX	30°45′59″N 97°55′30″W / 30.7665°N 97.925°W	0247	0.25 mi (0.40 km)	50 yd (46 m)		Tree and minor roof damage occurred along the path.	[56]
EF1	NE of Leander	Williamson	TX	30°36′40″N 97°48′18″W / 30.611°N 97.805°W	0247 – 0250	0.5 mi (0.80 km)	150 yd (140 m)		Large tree limbs were snapped. Two homes sustained damage: one had a small portion of its roofing decking removed, while the second had over half of its roofing decking removed. Two large storage sheds were moved 20 yd (18 m).	[54]

May 24 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Sunday, May 24, 2015^{[note 1]}

EF#	Location	County / Parish	State	Start Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Max width	Damage[note 2]	Summary	Refs
EF1	Western Corpus Christi	Nueces	TX	N/A	0627 – 0630	2.62 mi (4.22 km)	100 yd (91 m)	$750,000	Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, some of which fell on houses and vehicles. A flower nursery and a grocery store were damaged, and a baseball dugout was destroyed. Several residences sustained minor to moderate roof and siding damage as well.	[57]
EF1	Northern Irving	Dallas	TX	N/A	0734 – 0736	1.13 mi (1.82 km)	80 yd (73 m)	$600,000	Several trees, two high rise buildings, and several carports were damaged.	[58]
EF1	Northwestern Dallas	Dallas	TX	N/A	0734 – 0737	4.91 mi (7.90 km)	40 yd (37 m)	$100,000	Trees and power lines were damaged. An apartment complex and several warehouse buildings sustained roof damage.	[59]
EF1	Southwestern Houston	Harris	TX	29°40′26″N 95°31′41″W / 29.674°N 95.528°W	1133 – 1138	0.5 mi (0.80 km)	50 yd (46 m)	$200,000	Ten structures at an apartment complex sustained roof damage, including one with complete roof removal and interior wall damage. A twelve-story glass facade building had several of its north-facing windows blown out.	[60]
EF1	S of Marshall	Harrison	TX	32°21′32″N 94°21′32″W / 32.3588°N 94.3589°W	1634 – 1636	1.89 mi (3.04 km)	128 yd (117 m)	$75,000	Trees were snapped or uprooted. A house sustained roof damage when its carport was lifted, a small outbuilding was destroyed, and a warehouse sustained roof damage.	[61]
EF1	E of Marshall	Harrison	TX	32°28′19″N 94°20′11″W / 32.4719°N 94.3364°W	1646 – 1700	9.52 mi (15.32 km)	201 yd (184 m)		Damage was largely confined to snapped or uprooted trees, some of which damaged structures and vehicles.	[62]
EF1	E of Lowry City	St. Clair	MO	38°06′19″N 93°42′43″W / 38.1052°N 93.712°W	1715 – 1720	4.63 mi (7.45 km)	200 yd (180 m)		Several outbuildings and two homes were severely damaged, and numerous trees were damaged or uprooted.	[63]
EF1	ESE of St. Paul	Lee	IA	40°45′18″N 91°28′48″W / 40.7551°N 91.4801°W	2242	0.1 mi (0.16 km)	25 yd (23 m)	$10,000	A barn and a grain bin were destroyed, a couple of chimneys were damaged, and some trees and a power line were downed.	[64]
EF0	W of Merriman(1st tornado)	Cherry	NE	42°55′12″N 101°59′47″W / 42.92°N 101.9965°W	2245	0.1 mi (0.16 km)	20 yd (18 m)	$0	Brief landspout tornado remained over open rangeland, causing no damage.	[65]
EF0	W of Merriman(2nd tornado)	Cherry	NE	42°55′12″N 101°59′33″W / 42.92°N 101.9925°W	2245	0.1 mi (0.16 km)	20 yd (18 m)	$0	Law enforcement reported a brief landspout tornado in open rangeland.	[66]
EF1	W of Theodosia	Ozark	MO	36°35′09″N 92°42′21″W / 36.5859°N 92.7058°W	2259 – 2308	4.5 mi (7.2 km)	200 yd (180 m)		A tornado damaged or destroyed three barns, caused minor damage to a mobile home, and snapped or uprooted hundreds of trees.	[63]
EF2	N of New Boston	Mercer	IL	41°15′10″N 90°59′07″W / 41.2527°N 90.9854°W	2350 – 0000	6.75 mi (10.86 km)	50 yd (46 m)	$30,000	A large machine shed and two garages were completely destroyed, and a house had a portion of its roof ripped off. Additional trees and outbuildings were damaged.	[67]
EF1	NNE of Kismet to N of Plains	Seward, Meade	KS	37°13′54″N 100°41′06″W / 37.2318°N 100.6849°W	0237 – 0321	10.87 mi (17.49 km)	1,200 yd (1,100 m)	$1,000,000	Irrigation pivots were damaged by this large wedge tornado.	[68][69]
EF0	W of Hayne	Seward	KS	37°05′51″N 100°49′05″W / 37.0975°N 100.818°W	0247 – 0249	0.71 mi (1.14 km)	150 yd (140 m)	$0	Tornado remained over open country causing no damage.	[70]
EF0	NE of Plains	Meade	KS	37°18′02″N 100°32′20″W / 37.3006°N 100.539°W	0306 – 0314	2.4 mi (3.9 km)	100 yd (91 m)	$0	Tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	[71]
EF0	N of Plains	Meade	KS	37°20′24″N 100°32′03″W / 37.3399°N 100.5342°W	0320 – 0334	3.1 mi (5.0 km)	100 yd (91 m)	$0	Tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	[72]
EF1	NNE of Plains to SE of Montezuma	Meade, Gray	KS	37°24′37″N 100°27′33″W / 37.4104°N 100.4592°W	0347 – 0430	13.2 mi (21.2 km)	800 yd (730 m)	Unknown	Numerous pivot irrigation sprinklers were damaged by this large wedge tornado.	[73][74]
EF2	SW of Dodge City	Meade, Ford	KS	37°32′01″N 100°19′09″W / 37.5337°N 100.3193°W	0426 – 0515	14.62 mi (23.53 km)	250 yd (230 m)	Unknown	High voltage transmission lines and poles, pivot irrigation sprinklers, trees, and a home were damaged by this large wedge tornado. The home had a large stock trailer thrown into it. A car was tossed 100 yd (91 m) to the northeast.	[75][76]

May 25 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Monday, May 25, 2015^{[note 1]}

EF#	Location	County / Parish	State	Start Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Max width	Damage[note 2]	Summary	Refs
EF1	S of Dodge City	Ford	KS	37°40′08″N 100°05′55″W / 37.6688°N 100.0987°W	0520 – 0532	6.43 mi (10.35 km)	75 yd (69 m)	Unknown	A few pivot irrigation sprinklers, trees, and a home were damaged.	[77]
EF1	Kenner	Jefferson	LA	29°58′N 90°15′W / 29.97°N 90.25°W	0622	Unknown	75–100 yd (69–91 m)		One building in Kenner suffered structural damage as of result of this tornado which also damaged trees and took down power lines.	[78]
F3	Ciudad Acuña	Acuña	COA	N/A	~1130	Unknown	Unknown		14 deaths – A large tornado struck a densely populated subdivision in Ciudad Acuña, near the Mexico–United States border, causing extensive damage. Cars and buses were thrown and mangled, and numerous masonry homes were damaged, with a few that were leveled. 750 structures were damaged or destroyed and more than 200 people were injured. May have been an F4 according to some sources.	[79][80][81]
EF0	WSW of Amory	Monroe	MS	33°56′47″N 88°38′06″W / 33.9464°N 88.635°W	1341 – 1347	4.3 mi (6.9 km)	70 yd (64 m)		Trees were snapped or uprooted, some of which damaged the roof of several homes.	[82]
EF1	Amory	Monroe	MS	33°58′54″N 88°29′19″W / 33.9816°N 88.4885°W	1351 – 1357	2.5 mi (4.0 km)	150 yd (140 m)		Numerous trees in town were snapped or uprooted, some of which damaged the roofs of homes, carports, and storage sheds, and power poles were bent. A few homes had areas of shingles removed.	[82]
EF1	S of Loraine	Mitchell	TX	32°23′58″N 100°43′02″W / 32.3994°N 100.7172°W	1400 – 1401	0.16 mi (0.26 km)	50 yd (46 m)	$40,000	A barn had several of its walls collapsed and a pole with a cement base pulled out of the ground. Debris from the barn was impaled through a nearby house.	[83]
EF0	NNE of Sweetwater	Fisher	TX	32°32′N 100°24′W / 32.54°N 100.4°W	1445 – 1448	1.06 mi (1.71 km)	40 yd (37 m)	$0	The public observed a tornado along Texas State Highway 70. It remained over open country and caused no damage.	[84]
EF0	W of Louisville	Winston	MS	33°06′19″N 89°10′57″W / 33.1054°N 89.1826°W	1519 – 1521	0.94 mi (1.51 km)	25 yd (23 m)	$20,000	Multiple trees were uprooted and multiple large branches were downed. A small boat was lofted several yards.	[85]
EF0	Fort Lauderdale Beach	Broward	FL	26°06′44″N 80°06′15″W / 26.1122°N 80.1041°W	1600 – 1601	0.06 mi (0.097 km)	10 yd (9.1 m)	$0	A waterspout moved ashore Fort Lauderdale Beach, causing four injuries when an inflatable bounce house was lofted into the air.	[86]
EF1	Marshall	Harrison	TX	32°28′19″N 94°20′11″W / 32.4719°N 94.3364°W	1646 – 1700	9.54 mi (15.35 km)	201 yd (184 m)	$300,000	Numerous trees and power lines were downed, and falling trees damaged several homes in town.	[87]
EF1	E of Fredericksburg	Gillespie	TX	30°14′46″N 98°48′14″W / 30.2462°N 98.8038°W	1733 – 1736	2.4 mi (3.9 km)	100 yd (91 m)		A water pump station lost its roof and a brick wall; additional damage was largely confined to trees.	[88]
EF0	NW of Johnson City	Blanco	TX	30°20′15″N 98°29′35″W / 30.3375°N 98.4931°W	1804 – 1809	4.9 mi (7.9 km)	200 yd (180 m)		Numerous trees and two barns were damaged.	[88]
EF1	NE of Lampasas	Lampasas	TX	N/A	1841 – 1842	0.42 mi (0.68 km)	90 yd (82 m)	$35,000	Several trees were damaged and a home had a large portion of its roof ripped off.	[89]
EF1	N of Kempner	Lampasas	TX	N/A	1842 – 1845	1.53 mi (2.46 km)	180 yd (160 m)	$85,000	Several buildings were damaged, including two houses that had a majority of their roofs removed.	[90]
EF1	NNW of Copperas Cove	Coryell	TX	N/A	1906 – 1914	5.66 mi (9.11 km)	600 yd (550 m)	$90,000	All but one tree at a historic cemetery was damaged and/or uprooted. Six homes were damaged, one of which had roofing material removed.	[91]
EF0	Eastern Sherman	Grayson	TX	N/A	1925 – 1928	1.71 mi (2.75 km)	30 yd (27 m)	$20,000	A tornado produced minimal damage over open construction areas.	[92]
EF3	WSW of Blue to E of Carney	Bryan, Atoka	OK	N/A	1942 – 2020	18.8 mi (30.3 km)	700 yd (640 m)	$0	1 death – A few mobile homes were completely destroyed while other houses were damaged, some significantly. Fatality occurred when a mobile home was completely destroyed.	[93][94]
EF2	NNW of Bentley	Atoka	OK	N/A	2029 – 2041	8 mi (13 km)	1,000 yd (910 m)	$0	Trees were uprooted and a number of houses were damaged.	[95]
EF0	NE of Duplex	Fannin	TX	N/A	2041 – 2043	2.43 mi (3.91 km)	100 yd (91 m)	$65,000	Several trees were damaged or uprooted. The roof of a church and two homes were damaged.	[96]
EF0	near Kirvin	Freestone	TX	N/A	2055 – 2056	0.33 mi (0.53 km)	25 yd (23 m)	$5,000	A brief tornado produced minor crop damage.	[97]
EF2	W of Cameron	Milam	TX	N/A	2055 – 2105	8.88 mi (14.29 km)	400 yd (370 m)	$760,000	1 death – Approximately 12 houses, mobile homes, or farm buildings were damaged or destroyed. Multiple trees were damaged as well. Fatality occurred when a manufactured home was completely destroyed.	[98]
EF1	NE of Atoka	Atoka	OK	N/A	2106 – 2108	1 mi (1.6 km)	400 yd (370 m)	$0	Emergency management and trained storm spotters observed a tornado.	[99]
EF1	W of Cedar Creek	Bastrop	TX	30°05′06″N 97°32′31″W / 30.085°N 97.542°W	2124 – 2133	3 mi (4.8 km)	440 yd (400 m)		Many trees were snapped or uprooted. A few barns and a greenhouse were destroyed, and 12 homes were damaged. One person was critically injured.	[100]
EF2	ESE of Clayton to SSW of Talihina	Pushmataha, Latimer	OK	34°33′07″N 95°13′25″W / 34.552°N 95.2235°W	2152 – 2212	13.3 mi (21.4 km)	1,000 yd (910 m)	$45,000	An outbuilding was destroyed and several homes were damaged. Power poles were downed and numerous trees were snapped or uprooted.	[101][102]
EF1	E of Whitesboro	Le Flore	OK	34°38′49″N 94°51′46″W / 34.6469°N 94.8628°W	2217 – 2225	6.4 mi (10.3 km)	600 yd (550 m)	$10,000	Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted and power poles were blown down.	[103]
EF1	NE of Fanshawe	Le Flore	OK	34°58′24″N 94°52′15″W / 34.9734°N 94.8709°W	2234 – 2249	7.5 mi (12.1 km)	250 yd (230 m)	$0	Numerous trees were snapped.	[104]
EF2	ENE of Wister to NW of Panama	Le Flore	OK	34°59′01″N 94°39′57″W / 34.9835°N 94.6658°W	2248 – 2307	15.5 mi (24.9 km)	1,700 yd (1,600 m)	$500,000	At least two mobile homes were destroyed; other barns and outbuildings were also destroyed. Several homes were severely damaged while a number of others sustained roof damage. A cellular communication tower was partially collapsed, power poles were downed, and numerous trees were snapped or uprooted.	[105]
EF1	SE of Ola	Yell	AR	N/A	2335 – 2336	0.43 mi (0.69 km)	100 yd (91 m)	$5,000	Some trees and power lines were downed.	[106]
EF1	E of Ola	Yell	AR	N/A	2340 – 2344	1.91 mi (3.07 km)	250 yd (230 m)	$300,000	A home, some chicken houses, and several outbuildings were damaged; one chicken house was destroyed. Some trees and power lines were downed.	[107]
EF0	SE of Floresville	Wilson	TX	29°05′56″N 98°07′48″W / 29.099°N 98.13°W	2310 – 2314	1 mi (1.6 km)	50 yd (46 m)		A carport awning to a business was ripped off and a few tree limbs were downed.	[108]
EF1	WNW of Swiss Alp	Fayette	TX	29°47′13″N 96°57′04″W / 29.787°N 96.951°W	2316 – 2324	4 mi (6.4 km)	100 yd (91 m)		Two homes sustained substantial roof damage, multiple barns sustained roof damage, a few small outbuildings were destroyed, and several trees were snapped at their trunks.	[109]
EF2	Henderson	Rusk	TX	32°07′04″N 94°56′38″W / 32.1177°N 94.9438°W	2347 – 0006	19.45 mi (31.30 km)	600 yd (550 m)	$250,000	Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, several power poles were snapped, and several homes sustained minor to moderate damage in and around town.	[110]
EF0	W of Pandora	Wilson	TX	29°14′49″N 97°52′26″W / 29.247°N 97.874°W	2357 – 0002	1.75 mi (2.82 km)	150 yd (140 m)		Crops were damaged, a few trees were uprooted and several large limbs were snapped, a mobile home had its skirting damaged and the tin roof to a patio cover peeled off, a metal carport was collapsed, a residence sustained shingle damage, and a small barn was heavily damaged.	[111]
EF1	SSW of Beckville to NE of DeBerry	Panola	TX	32°14′24″N 94°27′24″W / 32.24°N 94.4566°W	0018 – 0043	21.6 mi (34.8 km)	1,251 yd (1,144 m)	$600,000	Trees were snapped or uprooted, several of which damaged homes upon falling, and outbuildings sustained some damage.	[112]
EF1	SE of Shreveport	Caddo	LA	32°23′21″N 93°47′25″W / 32.3891°N 93.7903°W	0112 – 0113	0.43 mi (0.69 km)	91 yd (83 m)	$500,000	Trees were snapped or uprooted, several of which caused major damage to homes upon falling.	[113]

See also

• Effects of Tropical Storm Allison in Texas
• June 2007 Texas flooding
• May 31, 2013 Oklahoma flooding
• Severe weather terminology (United States)
• 2016 Houston floods

Notes

1. All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.
2. All damage totals are in 2015 USD unless otherwise stated.

References

1. "U.S. Storms, Floods Kill 31 People, 27 of Them in Texas". The Wall Stret Jounral. May 30, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
2. "Death toll from Mexico tornado rises to 14". Pluz News. May 28, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
3. "Death toll from Mexico tornado rises to 14". Pluz News. May 28, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
4. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=582549
5. AccuWeather (26 May 2015). "REPORTS: Damaging Storms Slam Texas With Major Flooding, Tornadoes".
6. US News (26 May 2015). "Houston Floods Devastate Region".
7. Wunderground (26 May 2015). "Epic Rains, Disastrous Floods Plague Texas, Oklahoma".
8. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL065211/full
9. Chron (May 14, 2015). "Flash flood warning issued for SE Texas counties".
10. Lynn Walker (May 23, 2015). "City expands flood evacuation area". Times Record News (Wichita Falls, Texas). Retrieved May 25, 2015.
11. Duluth News Tribune (26 May 2015). "More rain expected after weekend storms kill six in Texas, Oklahoma".
12. "After massive storms in Oklahoma and Texas, at least nine killed and 30 people missing". The Washington Post. May 26, 2015.
13. The Dallas Morning News (26 May 2015). "Update: D/FW Airport reopens runway after discovering storm drain caused sinkhole".
14. http://kxan.com/2015/05/26/aisd-assessing-house-park-after-floods/
15. ABC (May 27, 2015). "Punishing Storms in Texas Test Government Emergency Response".
16. Tobias Salinger and Sasha Goldstein (May 26, 2015). "Fourth person confirmed dead in Houston as floods ravage Texas". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
17. "The Latest on flooding: 1000s of Houston properties damaged". 26 May 2015.
18. "Blanco River at Wimberley". United States Geological Survey. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 25, 2015. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
19. John MacCormack (May 25, 2015). "Central Texas storms cause record rain, flooding in San Marcos, Hays County". San Marcos, Texas: San Antonio Express-News. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
20. SETH ROBBINS and PAUL J. WEBER (May 26, 2015). "12 Missing After Flooding in Texas Sweeps Away Vacation Home". Wimberley, Texas: AP. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
21. Tony Russell (May 24, 2015). "Claremore Firefighter Who Died During Flood Rescue Remembered". Claremore, Oklahoma: News On 6. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
22. "Heavy rain causing flooding across Oklahoma City metro-area, state". NewsOK.com. May 23, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
23. "Flooding causes highway closures Tuesday morning in Oklahoma". NewsOK.com. May 26, 2015.
24. "One Child Dies in Louisiana Flash Floods". weather.com.
25. "2 Dead, Including Firefighter, 3 Missing After Record Rains Unleash Flooding in Oklahoma and Texas". CNN. KTLA5. May 24, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
26. Ben Brumfield (May 25, 2015). "3 dead after record storms in Texas, Oklahoma; 12 missing in one county". CNN. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
27. Greg Abbott (May 25, 2015). "Governor Abbott Adds 24 Counties To Disaster Declaration". Government of Texas. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
28. Reuters (May 26, 2015). "Governor says deadly flooding is worst ever seen in Texas area".
29. CNN (26 May 2015). "Obama promises to help Texas with flooding".
30. White House (May 26, 2015). "President Obama Signs Oklahoma Disaster Declaration".
31. The Oklahoma Daily (May 26, 2015). "All Oklahoma counties under state of emergency".
32. "Role of the strengthened El Niño teleconnection in the May 2015 floods over the southern Great Plains" - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL065211/full
33. Scripps Institution of Oceanography. "Climate Change in Texas" (PDF).
34. NOAA (2013). "Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment" (PDF). p. 58.
35. Justin Gillis (April 27, 2015). "New Study Links Weather Extremes to Global Warming". The New York Times. Retrieved April 27, 2015. “The bottom line is that things are not that complicated,” Dr. Knutti said. “You make the world a degree or two warmer, and there will be more hot days. There will be more moisture in the atmosphere, so that must come down somewhere.”
36. E. M. Fischer & R. Knutti (April 27, 2015). "Anthropogenic contribution to global occurrence of heavy-precipitation and high-temperature extremes" (online). Nature Climate Change. Bibcode:2015NatCC...5..560F. doi:10.1038/nclimate2617. Retrieved April 27, 2015. We show that at the present-day warming of 0.85 °C about 18% of the moderate daily precipitation extremes over land are attributable to the observed temperature increase since pre-industrial times, which in turn primarily results from human influence. … Likewise, today about 75% of the moderate daily hot extremes over land are attributable to warming.
37. Wyoming Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Cheyenne, Wyoming. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
38. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
39. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
40. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
41. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
42. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
43. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
44. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
45. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
46. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
47. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
48. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
49. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas (May 28, 2015). "NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/15 Tornado Event in Bexar County". Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Archived from the original on June 4, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
50. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
51. "NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/15 Tornado Event in Hays County". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. May 28, 2015. Archived from the original on June 4, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
52. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas (June 1, 2015). "NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/2015 Tornado Events in Travis County". Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Archived from the original on June 4, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
53. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas (June 1, 2015). "NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/15 Tornado Event in Williamson County". Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Archived from the original on June 4, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
54. "NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/15 Tornado Events in Travis and Williamson Counties". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
55. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas (June 1, 2015). "NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/15 Tornado Event in Bastrop County". Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Archived from the original on June 4, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
56. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas (June 1, 2015). "NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/2015 Tornado Event in NW Williamson County". Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Archived from the original on June 4, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
57. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Corpus Christi, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
58. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
59. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
60. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Houston, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
61. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
62. "NWS Damage Survey for May 24 2015 Tornado Event". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
63. "Localized Severe Weather and Tornadoes Impact the Ozarks Sunday, May 24, 2015". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Springfield, Missouri. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 25, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
64. Iowa Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Davenport, Iowa. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
65. Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in North Platte, Nebraska. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
66. Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in North Platte, Nebraska. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
67. Illinois Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Davenport, Iowa. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
68. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
69. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
70. Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
71. Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
72. Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
73. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
74. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
75. Kansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
76. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
77. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
78. "20150525's Storm Reports (1200 UTC - 1159 UTC)". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 25, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
79. Eduardo López Segura (May 25, 2015). "Fue categoría F3 el tornado de Ciudad Acuña" (in Spanish). Noticieros Televisa. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
80. Mariano Castillo and Rey Rodriguez (May 25, 2015). "13 dead after tornado strikes border city in Mexico". CNN. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
81. http://www.zocalo.com.mx/seccion/articulo/10-muertos-y-300-viviendas-danadas-en-tornado-en-acuna-1432567990
82. "NWS Damage Survey for 5/25/2015 Tornado Event". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
83. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
84. Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
85. Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
86. Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Miami, Florida. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
87. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
88. "NWS Damage Survey for 05/25/15 Tornado Event in Gillespie and Blanco Counties". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
89. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
90. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
91. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
92. Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
93. Oklahoma Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
94. Oklahoma Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
95. Oklahoma Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
96. Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
97. Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
98. Texas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
99. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
100. "NWS Damage Survey for 05/25/2015 Tornado Event in Bastrop County". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
101. Oklahoma Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
102. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
103. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
104. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
105. Oklahoma Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
106. Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Little Rock, Arkansas. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
107. Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Little Rock, Arkansas. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
108. "NWS Damage Survey for 05/25/15 Tornado Event in Wilson County". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
109. "NWS Damage Survey for 05/25/15 Tornado Event in Fayette County". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
110. Texas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
111. "NWS Damage Survey for 05/25/15 Tornado Event in Wilson County". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
112. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
113. Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.