22nd century

Millennium:	3rd millennium
Centuries:	21st century 22nd century 23rd century
Decades:	2100s 2110s 2120s 2130s 2140s 2150s 2160s 2170s 2180s 2190s

The 22nd century is a century of the Anno Domini or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It is the century following the current 21st century, beginning on January 1, 2101 and ending on December 31, 2200.

Technological predictions

• Work on cleaning up the site of the Oldbury Nuclear Power Station near Thornbury, South Gloucestershire, England, which was decommissioned on 29 February 2012, is scheduled to be complete between 2092 and 2101.^[1]
• According to the Discovery Channel documentary, Extreme Engineering, the Japanese proposed Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid could be complete by 2110.^[2][3]
• The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100) initiated by Stanford University will be concluded in 2115.^[4][5][6]
• 2162 or later: The satellite Envisat, declared "dead" in 2012, is expected to deorbit and burn up in the atmosphere no earlier than 2162.^[7]
• By 2200, it is predicted that Earth will become a Type I civilization on the Kardashev scale, according to Nikolai Kardashev's extrapolation of 1% energy usage growth per year.^[8]

Social predictions

• 2160 – Some scientists believe there are people born in 2010 who may still be alive in 2160.^[9]
• According to the UN Population Bureau, life expectancy in 2200 will be around 100 for developed countries and the world population will be about 11 billion. However, the UN has warned that these projections could be invalidated by any change and progress in future life extension technology and discoveries, as well as changes in future birthrates.^[10]

Biological predictions

• By 2100, 12% (about 1250) of the bird species existing at the beginning of the twenty-first century are expected to be extinct or threatened with extinction.^[11]
• By 2100, emperor penguins could be pushed to the brink of extinction due to global climate change, according to a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution study from January 2009. The study applied mathematical models to predict how the loss of sea ice from climate warming would affect an Antarctica colony of emperor penguins, they forecast a decline of 50% by the end of the century.^[12]

Calendric predictions

• On March 14, 2100 (which will be February 29, 2100 in the Julian calendar), the difference between the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar reaches 14 days. Since 14 is divisible by 7, this will be the first time in history since its inception that the Gregorian calendar will have the same day of the week for each day of the month for the whole year as the Julian calendar. This will last until February 28, 2200 of the Gregorian Calendar.
• 2100 will not be a leap year since it qualifies as a year that is divisible by 100, but not by 400.
• FAT file systems theoretically support dates up to December 31, 2107 (though officially only up to December 31, 2099).
• The Year type in MySQL supports dates up to December 31, 2155.
• March 17, 2160 – Unless changes are made as to when Easter can be observed, this particular March 17 will fall within Holy Week for the first time since 2008 and fall on the same day (Monday) as it did in that year, likely requiring the movement of the Feast of Saint Patrick's Day to another date.^[13]

Time capsules

• April 27, 2109 – A time capsule placed under the floor boards of the Old Queens Building at Rutgers University, in New Jersey, United States buried on April 27, 2009 is scheduled to be opened.^[14]
• September 19, 2110 – A time capsule at the Plaza de Armas in Santiago, Chile is intended to be opened on that date. It was buried in 2010.
• November 18, 2112 – The City of Beaumont, California in the United States will open their time capsule in honor of its Bi-Centennial.
• 2112 - A time capsule buried in Weavers Academy, Wellingborough, UK, will be opened after 100 years of being buried.
• 2132 – A time capsule on Rideau Street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada is intended to be opened that year. It was buried in 1982.
• 2193: A time capsule at the York Civic Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada is intended to be opened that year.^[15] It was buried in 1997.

Astronomical predictions

Solar eclipses

• December 8, 2113 : Annular solar eclipse,^[16] (9 min 35 s), Solar Saros 134.
• June 3, 2114 : Total solar eclipse^[17] of 6 min 32 s, Solar Saros 139.
• December 19, 2131 : Annular solar eclipse,^[18] (10 min 14 s), saros 134.
• June 13, 2132 : Total solar eclipse^[19] of 6 min 55 s, saros 139.
• December 30, 2149 : Annular solar eclipse,^[20] (10 min 42 s), saros 134.
• June 25, 2150: Solar eclipse^[21] of 7 min 14 s, Solar Saros 139.
  Exceeding 7 minutes of totality, this will be the first time this has happened in 177 years; the last one occurred on June 30, 1973.^[22] when the Concorde prototype followed the totality spot for 73 minutes.
• January 10, 2168 : Annular solar eclipse,^[23] (10 min 55 s), saros 134.
• July 5, 2168 : Total solar eclipse^[24] of 7 min 26 s, saros 139.
• January 20, 2186 : Annular solar eclipse,^[25] (10 min 53 s), saros 134.
• Total solar eclipse of July 16, 2186^[26] of 7 min 29 s (very close to the theoretical maximum), Saros 139, "crowning" this series.
  This is predicted to be the longest eclipse during the current 10,000 year period, from 4000 BC to 6000 AD (eclipse predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC.DEPP).^[27]

Lunar eclipses

• June 9, 2123: Long-duration lunar eclipse of approximately 106.1 minutes.^[28]
• June 19, 2141: Long-duration lunar eclipse of about 106.1 minutes. This lunar eclipse is in the same Saros series (132) as the long lunar eclipse in 2123, and has an almost identical duration.^[29]

Triple conjunctions

• 2123: Triple conjunction of Mars–Jupiter.
• 2148: Triple conjunction Mars–Saturn.
• June–October 2169: Triple conjunction of Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
• 2170: Triple conjunction Mars–Jupiter.^[30]
• 2185: Triple conjunction Mars–Saturn.^[31]
• 2187: Triple conjunction Mars–Saturn.^[31]

Transits and occultations

• December 11, 2117: Transit of Venus.^[32]
• September 14, 2123: At 15:28 UTC, Venus will occult Jupiter.^[33]
• December 8, 2125: Transit of Venus.^[34]
• July 29, 2126: At 16:08 UTC, Mercury will occult Mars.^[35]
• December 3, 2133: At 14:14 UTC, Mercury will occult Venus.
• September 2, 2197: Venus occults Spica.
  Last occultation of Spica by Venus was on November 10, 1783.
• December 24, 2197: Earth's Moon will occult Neptune.

Other phenomena

• 2100: Polaris appears furthest north. Polaris' maximum apparent declination (taking account of nutation and aberration) will be 0.4526° from the celestial north pole, on 24 March 2100.^[36]
• August, 2113: First time Pluto reaches aphelion since its discovery.^[37]
• 2114: Sedna will overtake Eris as the farthest currently known spheroid orbiting the Sun.^[38]
• March 10, 2130: At 07:32 UTC, Sun passes through solar system barycenter.^[39]
• 2134: Comet Halley will return to the inner solar system.^[40]
• 2135–2136: Halley's comet will be at perihelion.^[40]
• August 5, 2150: Main-belt asteroid 78 Diana (~125 km in diameter) will pass about 0.003 AU (450,000 km; 280,000 mi) from Earth threatening asteroid (29075) 1950 DA and perturb 1950 DA's long-term trajectory.^[41]
• May 19, 2161: All eight planets are predicted to be on the same side of the sun, within 69 degrees.^[42]
• 2174: The second full orbit of Neptune around the Sun since its discovery in 1846.
• 2177: "First Plutonian anniversary" of the dwarf planet's discovery, given that Pluto's orbit is just under 248 Earth years.
• 2182: With an estimated probability of 0.07%, Apollo asteroid 1999 RQ₃₆ could hit the Earth.

See also

• 22nd century in fiction

References

1. Enoch, Nick (February 29, 2012). "World's oldest nuclear power station closes... but it will take 90 more years and £954m to clear it completely". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 29 February 2012.
2. New Mega-City Challenge – Concept. Geekwidget (2010-03-29). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
3. city in pyramid on YouTube
4. "Stanford to host 100-year study on artificial intelligence". Stanford University. 16 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
5. "Study to Examine Effects of Artificial Intelligence". The New York Times. 15 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
6. "One-Hundred Year Study of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections and Framing". Eric Horvitz. 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
7. Wall, Mike (2012-05-11). "Dead Satellite Envisat May Be Space Junk for 150 Years". Huffington Post (Huffington Post). Retrieved 2012-05-13.
8. Kaku, Michio (April 26, 2004). "How Advanced Could They Be?". Astrobiology Magazine. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
9. Laurance, Jeremy (2010-05-12). "Has the elixir of youth come of age?". The Independent (London: The Independent). Archived from the original on 15 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-15.
10. World population in 2300. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
11. Pimm, Stuart; et al. (2006). "Human impacts on the rates of recent, present, and future bird extinctions". PNAS 103 (29): 10941–10946. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10310941P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604181103. PMC 1544153. PMID 16829570.
12. Dunham, Will. "Melting Sea Ice May Doom Emperor Penguins, Study Finds". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
13. Nevans-Pederson, Mary (2008-03-13). "No St. Pat's Day Mass allowed in Holy Week". Dubuque Telegraph Herald. Woodward Communications, Inc. Archived from the original on 5 April 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
14. Diduch, Mary (April 27, 2009). "U. celebrates Old Queens bicentennial". The Daily Targum (Rutgers University: College Media Network). Retrieved June 16, 2009. At the ceremony, a time capsule was revealed containing several items from today to leave for the University in 2109, at the building’s tricentennial commemoration.
15. York Civic Centre. Freebase (2006-10-23). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
16. Eclipse of December 8, 2113. NASA solar eclipse web page.
17. Eclipse of June 3, 2114. NASA solar eclipse web page.
18. Eclipse of December 19, 2131. NASA solar eclipse web page.
19. Eclipse of June 13, 2132. NASA solar eclipse web page.
20. Eclipse of December 30, 2149. NASA solar eclipse web page.
21. Eclipse of June 25, 2150. NASA solar eclipse web page.
22. Solar eclipse of June 30, 1973 NASA solar eclipse web page.
23. Eclipse of January 10, 2168. NASA solar eclipse web page.
24. Eclipse of July 5, 2168. NASA solar eclipse web page.
25. Eclipse of January 20, 2186. NASA solar eclipse web page.
26. Eclipse of July 16, 2186. NASA solar eclipse web page.
27. Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses. NASA solar eclipse web page.
28. NASA Lunar Eclipse web site. Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
29. Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: 2101 to 2200. Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
30. Triple Conjunction. Wn.com. Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
31. Triple Conjunction at the Wayback Machine (archived March 20, 2012). Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
32. HM Nautical Almanac Office: 2117 Transit of Venus. Astro.ukho.gov.uk (2011-05-03). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
33. Articles – Occultation – OPT Telescopes. Optcorp.com. Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
34. HM Nautical Almanac Office: 2125 Transit of Venus. Astro.ukho.gov.uk (2011-05-03). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
35. Occultation - Mutual planetary transits and occultations - Encyclopedia II at the Wayback Machine (archived December 13, 2013)
36. Jean Meeus, Mathematical Astronomy Morsels Ch.50 ; Willmann-Bell 1997.
37. A New Peek at Pluto. Astrobio.net (2002-12-18). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
38. Sedna at Perihelion: (JPL Horizons Soln.date: 2010-Feb-01 82 obs). surewest.net
39. The Barycentre of the solar system. Bautforum.com. Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
40. ASP: A Special Issue on Halley's Comet. Astrosociety.org. Retrieved on 2014-01-19. Archived November 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
41. Giorgini, J. D.; Ostro, S. J; Benner, L. A. M.; Chodas, P.W.; et al. (2002). "Asteroid 1950 DA's Encounter With Earth in 2880: Physical Limits of Collision Probability Prediction" (PDF). Science 296 (5565): 132–136. Bibcode:2002Sci...296..132G. doi:10.1126/science.1068191. PMID 11935024.
42. "Ideas & Trends in Summary; It's All Right To Come Out Now". New York Times. March 14, 1982. Retrieved October 1, 2014.

Centuries and millennia