31st century BC

Millennium:	4th millennium BC
Centuries:	32nd century BC 31st century BC 30th century BC
Decades:	3090s BC 3080s BC 3070s BC 3060s BC 3050s BC 3040s BC 3030s BC 3020s BC 3010s BC 3000s BC
Categories:	Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments

The 31st century BC is a century which lasted from the year 3100 BC to 3001 BC.

Events

Spiral design altar block from the Tarxien Temples of Malta, uncovered by Sir Themistocles Zammit

Front and Back Sides of Narmer Palette, this facsimile on display at the Royal Ontario Museum, in Toronto, Canada. The Palette depicts Narmer unifying Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt

c. 3100 BC: Narmer (Menes) unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country; he rules this new country from Memphis.
c. 3100 BC: Predynastic period (Neolithic) ends in Ancient Egypt (other date is 3150 BC).
c. 3100 BC: Early Dynastic (Archaic) period starts in Ancient Egypt (other date is 3150 BC).
c. 3100 BC: The first temple of Tarxien is in use by the Neolithic inhabitants of Malta.^[1]
c. 3100 BC: First stage in the construction of Stonehenge.^[2]
c. 3100 BC – 2600 BC: Skara Brae, Orkney Islands, Scotland is inhabited.^[3]
c. 3100 BC: Anu Ziggurat and White Temple in Uruk, Mesopotamia (modern Warka, Iraq) are built.)
c. 3100 BC: Humans develop their first writing system, cuneiform script.
c. 3051 BC: The oldest currently living organism, a Pinus longaeva, undergoes germination in the White Mountains of California. It is still present to this day.
c. 3043 BC: Comet Hale–Bopp appears in the sky. Its next appearance occurs in 540 BC.

Significant people

Scorpion II, presumably the last pre-dynastic pharaoh of ancient Upper Egypt
Narmer, founder of the first dynasty of Egypt
Hor-Aha, the second pharaoh of the First dynasty of Egypt
Djer, the third pharaoh of the First dynasty of Egypt

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Drainage and sewage system in the Indus Valley
Dams, canals, stone sculptures using inclined plane and lever in Sumer and the Tigris-Euphrates Valley
Copper was in use, both as tools and weapons
Senet is one of the oldest known board games in the world.
c. 3100 BC – Invention of writing in Mesopotamia and Egypt

References

↑ Cilia, Daniel (April 8, 2004). "Tarxien". The Megalithic temples of Malta. http://web.infinito.it/utenti/m/malta_mega_temples/tarxien/tarxien.html. Retrieved on 2007-07-07.
↑ "FACTBOX - Stonehenge hosts Summer solstice revellers". Reuters India. June 20, 2010. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
↑ Trudy Ring; Noelle Watson; Paul Schellinger (28 October 2013). Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. p. 686. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.

Decades and years

31st century BC
33rd century BC←32nd century BC← ↔ →30th century BC→29th century BC

3109–3100 BC	3109 BC	3108 BC	3107 BC	3106 BC	3105 BC	3104 BC	3103 BC	3102 BC	3101 BC	3100 BC
3090s BC	3099 BC	3098 BC	3097 BC	3096 BC	3095 BC	3094 BC	3093 BC	3092 BC	3091 BC	3090 BC
3080s BC	3089 BC	3088 BC	3087 BC	3086 BC	3085 BC	3084 BC	3083 BC	3082 BC	3081 BC	3080 BC
3070s BC	3079 BC	3078 BC	3077 BC	3076 BC	3075 BC	3074 BC	3073 BC	3072 BC	3071 BC	3070 BC
3060s BC	3069 BC	3068 BC	3067 BC	3066 BC	3065 BC	3064 BC	3063 BC	3062 BC	3061 BC	3060 BC
3050s BC	3059 BC	3058 BC	3057 BC	3056 BC	3055 BC	3054 BC	3053 BC	3052 BC	3051 BC	3050 BC
3040s BC	3049 BC	3048 BC	3047 BC	3046 BC	3045 BC	3044 BC	3043 BC	3042 BC	3041 BC	3040 BC
3030s BC	3039 BC	3038 BC	3037 BC	3036 BC	3035 BC	3034 BC	3033 BC	3032 BC	3031 BC	3030 BC
3020s BC	3029 BC	3028 BC	3027 BC	3026 BC	3025 BC	3024 BC	3023 BC	3022 BC	3021 BC	3020 BC
3010s BC	3019 BC	3018 BC	3017 BC	3016 BC	3015 BC	3014 BC	3013 BC	3012 BC	3011 BC	3010 BC
3009–3000 BC	3009 BC	3008 BC	3007 BC	3006 BC	3005 BC	3004 BC	3003 BC	3002 BC	3001 BC	3000 BC
2990s BC	2999 BC	2998 BC	2997 BC	2996 BC	2995 BC	2994 BC	2993 BC	2992 BC	2991 BC	2990 BC

Centuries and millennia

Millennium	Century
BC (BCE)
4th	40th	39th	38th	37th	36th	35th	34th	33rd	32nd	31st
3rd	30th	29th	28th	27th	26th	25th	24th	23rd	22nd	21st
2nd	20th	19th	18th	17th	16th	15th	14th	13th	12th	11th
1st	10th	9th	8th	7th	6th	5th	4th	3rd	2nd	1st
AD (CE)
1st	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
2nd	11th	12th	13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th
3rd	21st	22nd	23rd	24th	25th	26th	27th	28th	29th	30th

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