SRD5A2

Steroid-5-alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 2 (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase alpha 2)

Identifiers

SRD5A2 ; MGC138457

External IDs

OMIM: 607306 MGI: 2150380 HomoloGene: 37292 ChEMBL: 1856 GeneCards: SRD5A2 Gene

1.3.1.22

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity • sterol 5-alpha reductase activity • amide binding • cholestenone 5-alpha-reductase activity
Cellular component	• endoplasmic reticulum membrane • integral component of membrane • neuronal cell body • cell body fiber
Biological process	• androgen biosynthetic process • steroid catabolic process • cell-cell signaling • steroid metabolic process • androgen metabolic process • male gonad development • biphenyl metabolic process • dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process • phthalate metabolic process • hippocampus development • hypothalamus development • cell differentiation • male genitalia development • female genitalia development • response to nutrient levels • response to follicle-stimulating hormone • response to testosterone • response to drug • response to peptide hormone • small molecule metabolic process • oxidation-reduction process • bone development
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 2:
31.52 – 31.58 Mb

Chr 17:
74.02 – 74.05 Mb

PubMed search

3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SRD5A2 gene.^[1]^[2]

Steroid 5-alpha reductase catalyzes the conversion of the male sex hormone testosterone into the more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone.

This gene encodes a microsomal protein expressed at high levels in androgen-sensitive tissues such as the prostate. The encoded protein is active at acidic pH and is sensitive to the 4-azasteroid inhibitor finasteride. Deficiencies in this gene can result in male pseudohermaphroditism, specifically pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias (PPSH).^[2]

References

↑ Thigpen AE, Davis DL, Milatovich A, Mendonca BB, Imperato-McGinley J, Griffin JE, Francke U, Wilson JD, Russell DW (Oct 1992). "Molecular genetics of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 deficiency". J Clin Invest 90 (3): 799–809. doi:10.1172/JCI115954. PMC 329933. PMID 1522235.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: SRD5A2 steroid-5-alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 2 (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase alpha 2)".

Thigpen AE, Davis DL, Gautier T, et al. (1992). "Brief report: the molecular basis of steroid 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in a large Dominican kindred.". N. Engl. J. Med. 327 (17): 1216–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199210223271706. PMID 1406794.
Labrie F, Sugimoto Y, Luu-The V, et al. (1992). "Structure of human type II 5 alpha-reductase gene.". Endocrinology 131 (3): 1571–3. doi:10.1210/en.131.3.1571. PMID 1505484.
Andersson S, Berman DM, Jenkins EP, Russell DW (1991). "Deletion of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 gene in male pseudohermaphroditism.". Nature 354 (6349): 159–61. doi:10.1038/354159a0. PMID 1944596.
Boudon C, Lobaccaro JM, Lumbroso S, et al. (1995). "A new deletion of the 5 alpha-reductase type 2 gene in a Turkish family with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency.". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) 43 (2): 183–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01913.x. PMID 7554313.
Thigpen AE, Silver RI, Guileyardo JM, et al. (1993). "Tissue distribution and ontogeny of steroid 5 alpha-reductase isozyme expression.". J. Clin. Invest. 92 (2): 903–10. doi:10.1172/JCI116665. PMC 294929. PMID 7688765.
Cai LQ, Zhu YS, Katz MD, et al. (1996). "5 alpha-reductase-2 gene mutations in the Dominican Republic.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81 (5): 1730–5. doi:10.1210/jc.81.5.1730. PMID 8626825.
Hochberg Z, Chayen R, Reiss N, et al. (1996). "Clinical, biochemical, and genetic findings in a large pedigree of male and female patients with 5 alpha-reductase 2 deficiency.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81 (8): 2821–7. doi:10.1210/jc.81.8.2821. PMID 8768837.
Vilchis F, Canto P, Chávez B, et al. (1997). "Molecular analysis of the 5 alpha-steroid reductase type 2 gene in a family with deficiency of the enzyme.". Am. J. Med. Genet. 69 (1): 69–72. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970303)69:1<69::AID-AJMG13>3.0.CO;2-M. PMID 9066886.
Anwar R, Gilbey SG, New JP, Markham AF (1997). "Male pseudohermaphroditism resulting from a novel mutation in the human steroid 5 alpha-reductase type 2 gene (SRD5A2).". MP, Mol. Pathol. 50 (1): 51–2. doi:10.1136/mp.50.1.51. PMC 379579. PMID 9208814.
Can S, Zhu YS, Cai LQ, et al. (1998). "The identification of 5 alpha-reductase-2 and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 gene defects in male pseudohermaphrodites from a Turkish kindred.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83 (2): 560–9. doi:10.1210/jc.83.2.560. PMID 9467575.
Nordenskjöld A, Ivarsson SA (1998). "Molecular characterization of 5 alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency and fertility in a Swedish family.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83 (9): 3236–8. doi:10.1210/jc.83.9.3236. PMID 9745434.
Nordenskjöld A, Magnus O, Aagenaes O, Knudtzon J (1999). "Homozygous mutation (A228T) in the 5alpha-reductase type 2 gene in a boy with 5alpha-reductase deficiency: genotype-phenotype correlations.". Am. J. Med. Genet. 80 (3): 269–72. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19981116)80:3<269::AID-AJMG18>3.0.CO;2-T. PMID 9843052.
Nnane IP, Kato K, Liu Y, et al. (1999). "Inhibition of androgen synthesis in human testicular and prostatic microsomes and in male rats by novel steroidal compounds.". Endocrinology 140 (6): 2891–7. doi:10.1210/en.140.6.2891. PMID 10342882.
Makridakis NM, Ross RK, Pike MC, et al. (1999). "Association of mis-sense substitution in SRD5A2 gene with prostate cancer in African-American and Hispanic men in Los Angeles, USA.". Lancet 354 (9183): 975–8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11282-5. PMID 10501358.
Vilchis F, Méndez JP, Canto P, et al. (2000). "Identification of missense mutations in the SRD5A2 gene from patients with steroid 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency.". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) 52 (3): 383–7. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.00941.x. PMID 10718838.
Hellwinkel OJ, Müller A, Struve D, Hiort O (2000). "Influence of androgens and age on androgen receptor and 5 alpha-reductase II transcription.". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 143 (2): 217–25. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1430217. PMID 10913941.
Chávez B, Valdez E, Vilchis F (2000). "Uniparental disomy in steroid 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85 (9): 3147–50. doi:10.1210/jc.85.9.3147. PMID 10999800.
Kim KS, Liu W, Cunha GR, et al. (2002). "Expression of the androgen receptor and 5 alpha-reductase type 2 in the developing human fetal penis and urethra.". Cell Tissue Res. 307 (2): 145–53. doi:10.1007/s004410100464. PMID 11845321.
Hiort O, Schütt SM, Bals-Pratsch M, et al. (2002). "A novel homozygous disruptive mutation in the SRD5A2-gene in a partially virilized patient with 5alpha-reductase deficiency.". Int. J. Androl. 25 (1): 55–8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002.00325.x. PMID 11869378.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Oxidoreductases: CH–CH oxidoreductases (EC 1.3)

1.3.1: NAD/NADP acceptor	Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase/Enoyl ACP reductase 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase Biliverdin reductase 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase Dihydroxymethyloxo-tetrahydroquinoline dehydrogenase

1.3.3: Oxygen acceptor	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase Protoporphyrinogen oxidase Bilirubin oxidase Acyl-CoA oxidase Dihydrouracil oxidase Tetrahydroberberine oxidase Secologanin synthase Tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase Pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase L-galactonolactone oxidase

1.3.5: Quinone	Succinate dehydrogenase SDHA SDHB SDHC SDHD

1.3.99: Other acceptors	Fumarate reductase Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase Acyl CoA dehydrogenase ACADSB ACADS 5α-reductase SRD5A1 SRD5A2 SRD5A3 Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase

Metabolism: lipid metabolism – ketones/cholesterol synthesis enzymes/steroid metabolism

Mevalonate pathway

To HMG-CoA	Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase HMG-CoA synthase (regulated step)

Ketogenesis	HMG-CoA lyase 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase Thiophorase

To Mevalonic acid	HMG-CoA reductase

To DMAPP	Mevalonate kinase Phosphomevalonate kinase Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase

Geranyl-	Dimethylallyltranstransferase Geranyl pyrophosphate

To cholesterol

To lanosterol	Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase Squalene monooxygenase Lanosterol synthase

7-Dehydrocholesterol path	Lanosterol 14α-demethylase Sterol-C5-desaturase-like 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase

Desmosterol path	24-dehydrocholesterol reductase

To Bile acids

Steroidogenesis

To pregnenolone

Side-chain cleavage

To corticosteroids

aldosterone: 18-hydroxylase

To sex hormones

To androgens	17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase 3β dehydrogenase 17β dehydrogenase 5α reductase 1 2

To estrogens	Aromatase

Other/ungrouped

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SRD5A2

See also

References

Further reading