AACTA Awards

AACTA Awards
5th AACTA Awards
Awarded for "To recognise and honour outstanding achievement in the Australian film and television industry."[1]
Country Australia
Presented by Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA)
First awarded 1958 (to honour achievements of 1957/1958)
Official website http://www.aacta.org
Television/Radio coverage
Network ABC (1977, 1980–1983, 1986–1987, 1989–1990, 1993, 1995, 1997, 2003–2004)
SBS (1998–2000)
Seven Network (1978, 2001, 2016–)
Nine Network (1976, 2005–2012)
Ovation (2004)
Network Ten (1985, 2002, 2013–2015)
Arena (2013–present)

The Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards, known as the AACTA Awards, are presented annually by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA). The awards recognise excellence of professionals in the film and television industry, including the producers, directors, actors, writers and cinematographers. It is the most prestigious awards ceremony for the Australian film and television industry. They are generally considered to be the Australian counterpart of the Academy Awards and British Academy Awards.

The awards, previously called Australian Film Institute Awards or AFI Awards, began in 1958 and involved 30 nominations across six categories. They expanded in 1986 to cover television as well as film. The AACTA Awards were instituted in 2011.[2][3] As of 2011, the Australian awards take place at the Sydney Opera House in Sydney[4] and the International Awards, inaugurated on 27 January 2012, are presented every January in Los Angeles.[5]

History

1958–2010: AFI Awards

The awards were presented annually by the Australian Film Institute (AFI) as the Australian Film Institute Awards (more commonly known as the AFI Awards), "to recognise and honour outstanding achievement in the Australian film and television industry."[1] They were instituted in 1958, "as a way to improve the impoverished state of Australian cinema", and was part of the Melbourne International Film Festival (known then as the Melbourne Film Festival) until 1972.[6][7] The first AFI Awards ceremony consisted of seven fields: Documentary, Educational, Advertising, Experimental Film, Public Relations and Teaching, and an Open category for other films which didn't fit in the aforementioned categories.[2][6] Between 1958–1980, submitted films were presented with a gold, silver or bronze prize, and in some circumstances, a Grand Prix award, which was the highest honour a film could receive.[8][9] Additionally, films were also presented with a gold or silver medallion for technical achievements, and films which didn't receive a prize was given a certificate of honourable mention.[10][11][12] From the awards inception to 1968, documentary and educational films were the only films submitted for awards due to few feature films produced in Australia, but in 1969, Jack and Jill: A Postscript became the first feature film to receive an award from the AFI, with a silver prize in the "Open" category, and is considered a winner in the Best Film category of the current awards.[10][13][14] Up until 1970, prizes were handed out in recognition of the film and production, rather than achievements of individual filmmakers and crafts people. However, from 1971 special achievement awards were introduced to recognise actors, directors, screenwriters, musicians, editors and cinematographers in feature films, and from 1975, an additional cash prize was given per achievement.[15][16] In 1977 feature film categories became competitive, while non-feature films continued to be awarded the gold, silver and bronze prizes until 1981, when they also became competitive.[9][16][17] In 1976 the awards were broadcast live on television for the first time on the Nine Network at the Hilton Hotel in Melbourne.[18] In 1986 television categories were introduced, presenting awards for mini-series and telefeatures before expanding to dramas, comedies and documentaries in the 1990s.[19][20][21]

2011–present: AACTA Awards

Actress Diana Glenn with an AACTA Award in 2012.

In June 2011, the AFI announced an industry consultation for an "Australian Academy".[22] The aim of the Academy is to create awareness for Australian film in local and international markets and to improve the way the AFI rewards practitioners with the formation of an "Honorary Council".[23] Of the announcement Damian Trewhella, CEO of the AFI said, "We thought a better way to engage with the industry would be to try and improve our professional membership structure[...] It's quite a big improvement on the way the AFI does things."[24] The consultation period ended in July 2011 and on 20 July it was announced that the AFI would go ahead with the Australian Academy with Trewhella stating that "[The AFI] envisage that this will lead to greater opportunities for those working in the industry, as well as greater audience recognition and connection with Australian screen content."[25] The name of the new Academy was revealed on 18 August 2011 as the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA), with the awards renamed to the AACTA Awards.[26] Prior to this announcement, the awards date and location was changed to January 2012 at the Sydney Opera House in Sydney as opposed to Melbourne where it was held for the majority of the AFI Awards history.[4] The date change was made to align the awards with the international awards season.[4] When the Academy announced the dates for the inaugural awards season, they introduced awards which "recognise international excellence within the categories of best film, acting, writing and direction".[27] On 23 November 2011, it was announced that the first award to be handed out since the Academy's inception is the Longford Lyell Award, which was presented to Don McAlpine for his contribution to cinematography, at the inaugural awards luncheon.[28]

Rules and voting

To be eligible for nomination, a production must be an Australian production or program and, in the case of a film, cannot have been previously submitted for an award; the material is sent to the AFI in DVD or video formats; for a feature film, it must have been publicly exhibited for seven consecutive days in at least two Australian states; for television and documentaries, the production must have been broadcast on television between the eligibility period.[29][30][31] The submission of a production is accompanied by an entry fee in Australian dollars, of up to A$1680 for feature films, $400 for documentaries, $330 for short film and animation and $1125 for television categories.[32]

At the time of the awards inception, a jury of five judges, composed of film critics and filmmakers, determined the winner of a production.[7] In 1976, the jury system was replaced by a peer voting process for feature films which would allow public members the right to vote in the Best Film category.[33][34] The nominees and winners were later peer-voted by a jury which was made up of representatives from all industry crafts, including members of guilds, who have a "professional membership" with the AFI.[35][36]
When the AFI announced the launch of the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts, it introduced the Chapters who vote through a two step voting process.[37] The fifteen Chapters consist of professionals from industry guilds and organisations including actors, producers, directors and screenwriters.[23][38] In round one of feature film voting, each chapter determines the nominees for their own respective category; in round two all members of the Academy can vote for the shortlisted nominees in each category to determine the winner.[39] All television and non-feature film awards, and feature film pre-selection are determined by juries.[39] Members of the Australian Film Institute are eligible to vote in the Best Short Fiction Film, Best Short Animation and Audience Choice award categories only.[39] The votes are audited by accounting firm Ernst and Young from 2011.[40]

Statuette

AACTA Awards Statuette on Red Carpet in 2014.

Throughout the history of the awards there have been several differently designed awards given to winners. Most notable ones given are: the "Kodak film award", a gold, silver or bronze medal, which was handed out from 1958–1975; the Grand Prix award which was a "bronze leaf shaped award mounted on a square wooden base", also presented between 1958 and 1975;[41] a statuette, made of acrylic on a silver metal base, handed out from 1979–2010; and a gold statuette, based on the Southern Cross constellation, which has been in use since 2012 for the 2011 AACTA Awards.

A medal was used between 1958 and 1975 as a gold, silver or bronze prize and depicted "three leaping jesters. Around left side, film strip with leaping jester in each frame. Around right side: THE KODAK FILM AWARD".[42][43] The medal, which was designed by Andor Mészáros, represents two elements of film-making: the leaping jesters represent what the audience sees on screen; the roll of film on the right symbolises the individual frames which capture the motion depicted.[42] It was designed in Melbourne, Victoria and minted by John Pinchas in London, in 1958.[42]

The statuette used between 1979 and 2010 is made of "four clear acrylic rectangular prisms on a silver metal base, green felt on bottom"; a plaque, which is attached to the base, has the "afi" insignia, with the words "Australian Film Institute" beneath it; a description of the award category, the recipient of the award, and the film title cascade below each other.[44] The statuette stands at 295mm in height, 70mm in width and 70mm in depth.[44]

When the Australian Film Institute launched the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts, it set out to create a new gold cast statuette.[45] The statuette, which will be handed out from 2012, for the inaugural AACTA Awards, had to "reflect the prestige and heritage of the Awards[...] but which was above all distinctly Australian", while incorporating the Southern Cross constellation and the human spirit.[45] After receiving submissions from Australian artists, with their interpretations of the design brief, a statuette designed by sculptor Ron Gomboc became the winning design.[45] The statuette, which has a 22 karat gold body, whose human form takes on the shape of the Southern Cross, on a tiger iron gemstone base, was designed over three months at Gomboc's home in Western Australia, before it was presented to the AFI board in June 2011.[45][46][47] Gomboc worked with stone artist, Richard Williamson, who cut and polished each individual gemstone base for the statuette, with each base representing "[...] the unique talent and contribution to the industry of every AACTA Award recipient."[45][46] When the statuette was unveiled at the launch of the Academy by Geoffrey Rush, he announced that a competition to name the award would commence, where people could log onto the Academy's Facebook page and post potential names on its wall.[48] In the media it was well received, with Gary Maddox from the Sydney Morning Herald comparing it to the previous statuette, stating that it, "looks less like a lethal doorstop and more like a stylised Oscar, possibly Oscar's flamboyant brother waving 'hi'".[49] The AACTA Award statuette remains the property of the Australian Film Institute, and is to remain with the winner and their heirs and descendants.[50] It cannot be sold to a third party and if it were to part from the winner or their heir and descendants, the Academy reserves the right to repurchase it for one dollar.[50] The award may, however, have its ownership transferred to a museum, gallery or other not-for-profit institution, at the AFI's discretion.[50]

Ceremony

The awards were first presented in 1958 during the Melbourne Film Festival at Melbourne University's Union Theatre.[7] Since its inception, the awards have been predominantly presented in Melbourne but the event has alternated in there and Sydney during the 1990s and 2000s (decade).[51] Awards are handed out over two separate events; the AACTA Awards Luncheon, a black tie event where accolades are given for achievements in non-feature and short films, film production (with the exception of the Best Film, Direction and Screenplay awards), non-drama related television programs and the Longford Lyell Award; the AACTA Awards Ceremony presents the awards in all other categories at a larger venue and is broadcast on television.[52][53] Awards were presented at the end of each calendar year (November or December) to celebrate film achievements of the corresponding year but beginning in 2012, the awards date was changed to January to celebrate films from the previous year.[4][22][54]

List of AACTA ceremonies

Year Ceremony Host Best Film
winner		 Best International
Film winner		 Best TV Drama
Series winner		 Best Documentary
winner		 Longford Lyell
Award winner
2012 1st AACTA Awards Russell Crowe Red Dog The Artist East West 101 Mrs Carey's Concert Don McAlpine
2013 2nd AACTA Awards The Sapphires Silver Linings Playbook Puberty Blues Storm Surfers 3D Al Clark
2014 3rd AACTA Awards Shane Bourne The Great Gatsby Gravity Redfern Now Red Obsession Jacki Weaver
2015 4th AACTA Awards Cate Blanchett
Deborah Mailman		 The Babadook
The Water Diviner		 Birdman The Code Ukraine is Not a Brothel Andrew Knight[55]
5th AACTA Awards
N/A
Mad Max: Fury Road
 Glitch That Sugar Film Cate Blanchett

Award categories

The Academy presents awards in feature and non-feature films, and television. As of 2014, a total of forty accolades are handed out at the annual ceremonies.

Hosts / television coverage

The awards have been televised on the Nine Network every year between 2005 until 2012 where it was broadcast by Network Ten.

Criticisms and controversies

There have been controversial decisions of the Australian Film Institute Awards that have led to claims that it has broken its own rules by including an unscreened mini series in the 2005 awards judging:

The controversy is a blow for the institute, which after years of criticism this year revamped its awards in an effort to restore credibility. Producer John Edwards, who collected seven nominations for Foxtel's Love My Way, did not enter a second drama series, The Surgeon, because it missed the screening deadline. "If I'd known it was this flexible, of course I would have entered it," Edwards said. "Awards are useless if they break their own rules."[59]

AFIA has also been criticised for narrow selection of artists for award nominations and an unfair judging process.[60]

There has also been controversy over both the exclusion and inclusion of films that are technically Australian productions, but are made overseas, with foreign funding and/or foreign talent.

See also

Notes

A^ : From 2003–2005, the Best Television Comedy Series award was known as Best Comedy Series – Sitcom or Sketch.[63]
B^ : In 1993, and then from 1995 to 2001, the award was split into two categories: Best Episode in a Television Drama, Series or Serial and Best Episode in a Television Drama Serial (the latter was changed to Best Episode in a Television Drama Series (Long) in 1998).[63]
C^ : From 1991–2010, the Best Children's Television Series was known as Best Children's Television Drama.[53][63]
D^ : From 1986–1989, the Best Telefeature, Mini Series or Short Run Series was two separate categories for Mini Series and Telefeatures. The two categories were merged in 1990 and became known as Best Telefeature or Mini Series, and in 2008 the awards name was changed to include Short Run Series.[63]
E1 2 3 : The award for Best Comedy Performance, and the awards for Best Lead Actor and Best Actress in a Television Drama was merged from 2004–2005 as the award for Best Actor and Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Television Drama or Comedy. They were separated in 2006 when the Best Comedy Performance award was introduced.[63]
F1 2 : The awards for Best Lead Actor and Best Lead Actress in a Television Drama was first awarded in 1986, in two categories for performance by an actor in a Mini Series and Telefeature. The two awards were merged, and presented in 1990, and was changed again in 1991 as the award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Television Drama. In 2000 the awards for Best Actor and Best Actress in a Telefeature or Mini Series was re-introduced as a separate category. From 2002 all awards were combined under the titles Best Lead Actor and Best Lead Actress in a Television Drama.[63]
G1 2 : The awards for Best Guest or Supporting Actor and Best Guest or Supporting Actress was first awarded for a performance in a guest role in a television drama from 2000–2001. In 2002, the categories were changed to Best Actor and Best Actress in a Supporting or Guest Role in a Television Drama, and in 2004 it became Best Actor and Best Actress in a Supporting or Guest Role in a Television Drama or Comedy. In 2006, the Best Guest or Supporting Actor in Television Drama was reintroduced after the Best Comedy Performance award was established.[63]
H^ : From 1986–1989 the award for Best Direction in Television was presented in two separate categories for Mini Series and Telefeatures. In 1990 both categories were merged as Best Direction in a Telefeature or Mini Series, and in 1991 it was renamed Best Achievement in Direction in a Television Drama. It then became Best Direction in Television in 2004.[63]
I^ : From 1986–1989 the award for Best Screenplay in Television was presented in two separate categories for Mini Series and Telefeatures. In 1990 both categories were merged as Best Screenplay in a Telefeature or Mini Series, and in 1991 it was renamed Best Screenplay in a Television Drama. It then became Best Screenplay in Television in 2004.[63]

References

  1. 1 2 "Introduction". 2011 AFI Awards Rule Book. Australian Film Institute. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  2. 1 2 "The Australian Film Institute – Celebrating 50 Years of Pride and Passion". Australian Film Institute. Archived from the original on 21 May 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  3. ↑ "Rush named president of Australian Oscars". Australian Broadcasting Corporationi. 19 August 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Brendan Swift (1 June 2011). "AFI proposes Australian Academy, officially moves Awards date". Inside Film. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  5. ↑ "About the AACTA Awards". AACTA. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  6. 1 2 Hope, Cathy; Dickerson, Adam. "'Films for the intelligent layman': The origins of the Sydney and Melbourne Film Festivals (1952–1958)". Screening the Past. Latrobe University. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  7. 1 2 3 French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. p. 29. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  8. ↑ French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. p. 27. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  9. 1 2 "IMDb Australian Film Institute Awards". The Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
  10. 1 2 Staff (3 December 1969). "P.M. Presents Film Awards". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  11. ↑ Staff (24 March 1975). "Shearer feature gets good clip of 'Oscars'". The Age. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  12. ↑ Staff (24 March 1975). "Shearers' strike film wins top Aust award". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  13. ↑ French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. p. 110. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  14. ↑ "AACTA – Past Winners: 1969". Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA). Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA). Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  15. ↑ French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. p. 49. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  16. 1 2 French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. pp. 142–182. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  17. ↑ French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. p. 108. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  18. ↑ French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. p. 50. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  19. ↑ French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. p. 113. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  20. ↑ French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. pp. 183–200. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  21. ↑ "Australian Film Institute history". Australian Film Institute. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  22. 1 2 Paul Kalina (29 June 2011). "AFI looks to Academy Awards in reinvention". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  23. 1 2 "Proposed AFI Developments". Australian Film Institute. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  24. ↑ Cara Nash (1 June 2011). "AFI looks to Academy Awards in reinvention". Filmink. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
  25. ↑ Staff reporter (20 July 2011). "The Australian Film Institute to go ahead with Australian Academy". Inside film (IF). Retrieved 19 August 2011.
  26. ↑ Quinn, Karl (19 August 2011). "AFI gong gone in hustle for global muscle". The Age. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
  27. ↑ Bodey, Michael (8 November 2011). "Industry academy announces new awards". The Australian. News Limited. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  28. ↑ "Raymond Longford Award". Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA). Retrieved 23 November 2011.
  29. ↑ "Rule 3 – Making an Entry to the Awards". 2011 AFI Awards Rule Book. Australian Film Institute. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  30. ↑ "Rule 6 – Special Conditions for Documentary". 2011 AFI Awards Rule Book. Australian Film Institute. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  31. ↑ "Rule 8 – Special Conditions for Television Programs". 2011 AFI Awards Rule Book. Australian Film Institute. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  32. ↑ "2011 AFI Awards submissions". Australian Film Institute. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  33. ↑ French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. p. 47. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  34. ↑ French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. p. 51. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  35. ↑ "Call for jurors to take part in judging the 2011 Samsung Mobile AFI Awards" (PDF). Australian Film Institute. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  36. ↑ "Exclusive Industry Membership Offer". Australian Film Institute. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
  37. ↑ Staff (18 August 2011). "Rush president of new academy, AACTA". Encore Magazine. Focal Attractions. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  38. ↑ "AACTA Honorary Council" (PDF). Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA). Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  39. 1 2 3 "AACTA – The Awards – Voting". Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA). Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  40. ↑ AFI/AACTA Festival of Film: Judges Handbook (PDF). Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA). p. 7. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  41. ↑ "ADAM AND EVE : AUSTRALIAN FILM INSTITUTE GRAND PRIX AWARD 1963". National Film and Sound Archive. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
  42. 1 2 3 "Medal – The Kodak Film Award, Kodak (Australia) Pty Ltd, Australia, 1958 (Bronze Medal)". Museum Victoria. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  43. ↑ "Medal – The Kodak Film Award, Kodak (Australia) Pty Ltd, Australia, 1958 (Silver Medal)". Museum Victoria. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  44. 1 2 "Object record: Australian Film Institute Award, 1980, to Jack Thompson for his role of leading actor in the film Breaker Morant". National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Story of the Statuette". Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  46. 1 2 Rashelle Predovnik (2 September 2011). "Gomboc's design shines". Echo News. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  47. ↑ David Knox (19 August 2011). "Australian Academy replaces AFI Awards". TV Tonight. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  48. ↑ Staff (19 August 2011). "Rush named film and TV academy president". Sky News Australia. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  49. ↑ Garry Maddox (19 August 2011). "And the award for re-invention goes to …". Smh.com.au. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  50. 1 2 3 "Rule 4.3 – Ownership of AACTA Award statuettes" (PDF). 2013 AACTA Awards Rule Book. Australian Film Institute. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  51. ↑ French, Lisa; Poole, Mark (2009). Shining a Light: 50 Years of the Australian Film Institute. Australian Teachers of Media. p. 73. ISBN 1-876467-20-7.
  52. ↑ "AACTA launches international awards; announces dates for local awards". Mumbrella. Focal Attractions. 8 November 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  53. 1 2 "Australian Academy announces first award winners" (PDF). Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA). 15 January 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  54. ↑ "About the AFI". Australian Film Institute. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  55. ↑ http://www.aacta.org/the-awards/4th-aacta-awards/all-winners.aspx
  56. ↑ "Blanchett and Ledger to present at AFI Awards". Herald Sun. 24 November 2006. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  57. ↑ Pascuzzi, Carmine; Matt Deller. "Spotlight: 2008 L'Oreal Paris AFI Awards". Mediasearch. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  58. ↑ "2009 Samsung Mobile AFI Awards event details released" (PDF). 2009 Australian Film Institute Awards. Australian Film Institute. 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
  59. ↑ Miller, Kylie (26 October 2005). "AFI drama over bent rules". The Age (Melbourne). Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  60. ↑ Gates, Rhoderick (30 October 2006). "ARIA Will Never Rock". Global Echo.
  61. ↑ Eddie Cockrell, "Acting disgracefully", The Australian (22 November 2008). (Access: 19 February 2016); Lynden Barber, "AFI snub of Disgrace is a disgrace" (26 November 2009) (Access: 19 February 2016.) and Charles Waterstreet, "It's a Disgrace", Sydney Morning Herald (27 December 2009). (Access: 19 February 2016.)
  62. ↑ "Great Gatsby director Baz Luhrmann says his film is an Australian movie". News Corp. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  63. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "AFI Award Winners Feature Categories 1958–2009". Australian Film Institute. 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2010.

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