ABC Records

ABC Records
Parent company	ABC Leisure Group (American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. /American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.)
Founded	1955
Defunct	1979
Status	Sold and absorbed into MCA Records
Distributor(s)	Self-distributed (US), EMI (international), Anchor Records (UK), Sparton Records (Canada), Polydor Records (Canada), GRT (Canada)
Genre	Various
Country of origin	USA

ABC Records was an American record label, founded in New York City in 1955 as ABC-Paramount Records. It originated as the main popular music label operated by the Am-Par Record Corporation, the music subsidiary of the American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres (later American Broadcasting Companies). ABC-Paramount Records' first president was Samuel H. Clark. Am-Par also established the Impulse! jazz label in 1961 and subsequently acquired a number of other labels before the entire division was sold to MCA Records in 1979.

Background

ABC-Paramount (full name "American Broadcasting-Paramount Theaters") -- the direct antecedent of the present-day American Broadcasting Company—evolved from federal antitrust actions taken against the movie studios and broadcasting companies in the 1940s and early 1950s. As a result of a 1943 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) action against anti-competitive practices, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was forced to sell off its broadcast subsidiary the Blue Network, the sister network of NBC, and Blue was purchased by the American Broadcasting System, Inc. In 1953 American Broadcasting merged with United Paramount Theaters, the divested former exhibition/cinema division of Paramount Pictures. The newly merged corporation was chaired by former Paramount Theaters executive Leonard Goldenson and was originally headquartered at 1501 Broadway in New York City, above the Paramount Theater in Times Square.^[1]

History

ABC-Paramount Records

American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres formed a records division in 1955 with Samuel H. Clark as its first president.^[2] The division was incorporated on June 14, 1955 as Am-Par Record Corporation.^[3]

In addition to producing records directly, ABC licensed finished masters from independent producers and purchased regionally released records for national distribution. The corporate name of Am-Par Record Corporation was changed to ABC-Paramount Records, Inc. on December 7, 1961.^[3]

In 1965, Clark was promoted to vice-president in charge of AB-PT's non-broadcast operations and national sales manager Larry Newton was named ABC-Paramount president.^[2]

In April 1966, Dunhill Records was purchased under Newton.

ABC Records

The label was officially renamed ABC Records in June 1966.^[4] In 1970, ABC and Dunhill moved its headquarters to Los Angeles and Newton was promoted by ABC to vice-president in charge of ABC Pictures and Dunhill co-owner Jay Lasker was named president, who referred to the combined operations as ABC/Dunhill. At that time ABC Records had another five labels, Westminster, Command, Probe and two jazz and blues lines: Impulse and Bluesway.^[5]

By May 1972, ABC formed the ABC Leisure Group including ABC Records, Anchor Records and ABC Records and Tape Sales plus a new retail record store division.^[6] Lasker left ABC to join Ariola America Records in 1975.^[7] He was succeeded by Jerry Rubinstein who served as company head until 1977.^[8] In November 1972, ABC purchase country music company, Cartwheel Records.^[9]

In 1974, ABC switched British distribution from EMI to the EMI-distributed Anchor Records, allowing ABC recordings to be issued on the ABC label in the UK and Anchor records to be distributed by ABC on the Anchor label in the USA.^[10]

As a cost-cutting, but in retrospect ill-conceived move in the mid-1970s, ABC Records discarded their multitrack master tapes to save storage space [though some songs have been stereo remixed for LP/CD]. So when the affected recordings were reissued on compact discs in the 1980s and beyond, the CDs had to be mastered using the finished album masters which often had inferior sound.^[11] The record company's final president, Steve Diener, was named president in 1977 after serving as head of ABC Records' international division.^[12] Because the company was suffering financial problems, ABC Records was sold on January 31, 1979 to MCA Records,^[13] which discontinued the ABC label on March 5, 1979.^[14] The better-selling albums in the ABC Records catalog were reissued on the MCA label.^[15]

Sub-labels and acquisitions

ABC Records sub-labeled Apt Records to release singles. In the early 1960s, they purchased the Westminster Records classical music label. In 1961 ABC launched its new Impulse! Records label to record and distribute jazz. Under the guidance of the founding label manager Creed Taylor and his successor Bob Thiele, Impulse! soon became known for its innovative releases, including numerous albums recorded by John Coltrane between 1961 and his death in 1967. Several years later, Bluesway Records was created to distribute ABC's blues releases. Tangerine Records was formed by Ray Charles to produce not only his albums but artists produced by Charles, as well.

ABC Records purchased Dunhill Records in the summer of 1967, forming ABC Dunhill Records. They purchased Don Robey's record labels including Duke Records, Peacock Records, Back Beat Records and Song Bird Records on May 23, 1973. Afterwards, they also purchased the Famous Music record labels from Paramount Pictures' then-parent Gulf and Western in 1974 (these included Dot Records and Blue Thumb Records). With the Famous acquisition, ABC gained a distribution deal with Sire Records. ABC distributed (through Sire) the first releases by punk band the Ramones. Sire switched to Warner Bros. distribution in 1977, being sold to WB a year later.

In addition to sub-labels, ABC Records purchased all labels from Enoch Light in October, 1959. ABC acquired Audition Records, Command Performance Records, Colortone Records and Waldorf Music Hall Records.

In 1979, ABC Records was acquired by MCA Records for the sale price of $30 million.^[16] It briefly operated as a unit of MCA before it was dissolved and absorbed into MCA; MCA in turn would eventually be absorbed into the Universal Music Group (Universal now distributes recordings for ABC's sister company Disney Music Group worldwide except for Russia and Japan).

This is not the same ABC Records that operates in Australia, which is run by national pubcaster the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (although the Ampar label was distributed in Australia in the 1950s and 1960s, first by W&G Records (1955–60) and then by Festival Records),^[17][18] nor is it the sublabel of Voiceprint Records.

ABC-Paramount/ABC Records label variations

• 1955-1961—Black label, "ABC-PARAMOUNT" around top perimeter of label (in yellow, red, and blue - repeating in that sequence - letters for singles and all white letters for albums) and logo consisting of color spectrum Möbius strip and white jagged line (representing a sound wave). Bottom perimeter of label reads: "A PRODUCT OF AM-PAR RECORD CORP."
• 1961-1966—Same label as above, but disclaimer at bottom of label now reads: "A PRODUCT OF ABC-PARAMOUNT RECORDS, INC."
• 1966-1967—Label name now shortened to ABC Records. Black label with large white circle at top with "abc" in black letters and the "Möbius strip and sound wave" logo under the letters. This variant was used only for singles.
• 1967-1974—Black label with small white "abc" circle logo in color spectrum box at top (In conjunction with this label, a brief interim label was used from 1973 to 1974 consisting of three children's blocks spelling out ABC and one block with the "abc" logo in a white triangle at the top).
• 1974-1978—Yellow, orange, red and purple "sunburst" label with "abc Records" (black "abc" circle logo) between two black lines at top (Note: The other ABC labels would also adopt this label, such as Dunhill, Dot, Blue Thumb with its logo next to the "abc" logo, and Backbeat and Impulse with a green background rather than a yellow background, but the circles were the same, etc.)
• 1978-1979—Same multi-colored label as above, but with 1/8 note featuring "abc" inside the bottom of the note. Late pressings show "Mfg. & Dist. by MCA Distributing Corp..." at the bottom perimeter, just before the ABC label was discontinued and its artists transferred to MCA.

Types of output

• Pop
• Country music
• Jazz
• Rhythm and blues
• Rock and roll
• Children's
• Ethnic music (including Irish)
• Polka
• Calypso
• Flamenco and Hawaiian
• Spoken Word
• Soundtrack album: Song of Norway and Cabaret (LP version only, the CD was reissued on MCA, later on UMG's Hip-O Records. The film soundtrack of Song of Norway has not yet appeared on CD.)
• Gospel

Artists associated with ABC Records and its labels

Amazing Rhythm Aces Paul Anka Louis Armstrong Kevin Ayers Florence Ballard Count Basie Cliff Bennett and the Rebel Rousers (US/Canada) Joe Bennett Stephen Bishop Art Blakey Blood, Sweat & Tears Bobby "Blue" Bland The Brass Ring Charles Brown Roy Brown Jimmy Buffett Solomon Burke Shirley Collie Carl Carlton Betty Carter Ray Charles Kvitka Cisyk Roy Clark Ornette Coleman John Coltrane Billy "Crash" Craddock Jim Croce Crosby and Nash Crowfoot The Crusaders Danny & the Juniors James Darren Billy Davis, Jr. The Dells Fats Domino Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods The Dramatics The Dubs The Elegants Lu Elliott Mario Escudero Freddy Fender Mickie Finn's The Floaters Frank Fontaine Four Tops Ferrante & Teicher The 5th Dimension

Gabriel (band) Genesis (US/Canada) Eydie Gormé The Grass Roots George Hamilton IV Bobby Hammack Christian Harmonizers Richard Harris (US/Canada) Coleman Hawkins Isaac Hayes Roy Head Hello People Levon Helm Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs Eddie Holman John Lee Hooker Freddie Hubbard James Gang The Impressions Johnny Kidd and the Pirates (US/Canada) B. B. King Kracker Frankie Laine Julius La Rosa Yusef Lateef Steve Lawrence J B Loyd Eddie Lund Barbara Mandrell The Mamas and The Papas Barry Mann Shelly Manne Guy Marks The Marvelows Marilyn McCoo Brownie McGhee Barry McGuire Mighty Clouds of Joy Charles Mingus The O'Kaysions The Oak Ridge Boys Pavlov's Dog Paxton Brothers Poco The Pointer Sisters The Poni-Tails

Lloyd Price Rare Bird Jimmy Reed Emitt Rhodes Cliff Richard (US/Canada) Howard Roberts (Impulse!) Tommy Roe Sonny Rollins Royal Teens Rufus featuring Chaka Khan Jimmy Rushing John Wesley Ryles Sabicas Soupy Sales The Sapphires Bobby Scott Jack Scott Shirley Scott Archie Shepp Beverly Sills Smith (featuring Gayle McCormick) Soft Machine (Probe/ABC) Otis Spann Dusty Springfield (US/Canada) Joe Stampley Steely Dan Steppenwolf Stepson Sonny Terry B. J. Thomas Three Dog Night Joe Turner Eddie Vinson Bobby Vinton T-Bone Walker Joe Walsh Wha-Koo Josh White Chico Williams Lenny Williams Jimmy Witherspoon O. V. Wright The Ziontones

Labels associated with ABC Records

• Addison Records
• Anchor Records
• Apt Records
• Back Beat Records
• Bigtop Records
• Bluesway Records
• Blue Thumb Records
• Boom Records
• Buluu Dunhill Records
• Chancellor Records
• Cimarron Records
• Command Records
• Colonial Records
• Dot Records
• Dunhill Records
• Duke Records
• Equinox Records
• Fargo Records
• Grand Award Records
• GTO Records
• Hickory Records
• Hot Buttered Soul Records
• Hunt Records
• Impulse! Records
• Jerden Records
• LHI Records
• Montel Records
• Myrrh Records
• Oliver Records
• Passport Records
• Peacock Records
• Probe Records
• Senate Records
• Shelter Records
• Sire Records
• Song Bird Records
• Tangerine Records
• 20th Century Fox Records
• Westminster Records
• Wren Records

Management of ABC Records catalogue today

The catalogues of ABC Records and its sublabels are now controlled by Universal Music Group (coincidentally, UMG also distributes Disney Music Group, which is owned by ABC's current parent The Walt Disney Company) with exceptions being the following:

• The Jim Croce catalog is controlled by his estate in conjunction with Disney Music Group and distributed by UMG.
• The Ray Charles catalog is controlled by Ray's estate and is currently licensed to Concord Records whose recordings are distributed by UMG.
• The Amazing Rhythm Aces catalog is controlled by Sony Music Entertainment.
• The recordings that former 5th Dimension members Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis, Jr. made for ABC are controlled by McCoo and Davis through their company BilMar Productions and currently distributed by Real Gone Music.
• Lawrence Welk acquired his Dot recordings (prior to ABC acquiring the label) which were reissued on his Ranwood Records label.^[19]

As for what Universal owns, the following labels manage various parts of the catalogue depending on the genre:

• Pop, rock, and R&B: Geffen Records
• Jazz: Impulse!/Verve Records
• Country: MCA Nashville Records
• Classical: Deutsche Grammophon Records
• Musical theater: Decca Broadway Records

In all five of these cases, the management also includes releases from other labels absorbed into ABC over the years. For example, MCA Nashville's catalogue includes country releases on Dot Records, and Deutsche Grammophon's catalogue includes the Westminster Records catalogue, as well as various soundtracks released by Dot and Paramount Records (among other labels) that consisted of orchestral arrangements.

See also

• List of record labels

References

1. Ashley Kahn, The House That Trane Built (Granta Publications, London, 2006) ISBN 1-86207-646-4, pp.15-16
2. "ABC: Brief History". Billboard. September 12, 1970. pp. abc2–abc3. Retrieved 2011-09-10 – via Books.google.com.
3. "Entity Information: ABC Records, INC.". Corporation & Business Entity Database. New York State Division of Corporations. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
4. "Billboard". Books.google.com. 1966-06-18. p. 3. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
5. "New Home, Face, Philosophy - ABC/Dunhill on 15th Anniversary". Billboard. September 12, 1970. pp. abc4–abc8. Retrieved 2011-09-10 – via Books.google.com.
6. "ABC Records 73 Sales, Earnings Up from 1972". Billboard (Vol. 86, No. 19) (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.). May 11, 1974. pp. 8, 80. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
7. "Jay Lasker, Recording Executive, 65, Dies - New York Times". Nytimes.com. 1989-06-13. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
8. "Billboard". Books.google.com. 1977-12-10. p. 4. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
9. "ABC Nove Epitomizes Expansions". Billboard. p. 70. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
10. Billboard - Google Books. Books.google.com. 1974-09-21. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
11. "ABC-Paramount Records Story". Bsnpubs.com. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
12. Billboard - Google Books. Books.google.com. 1977-06-18. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
13. "Billboard". Books.google.com. 1979-02-10. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
14. Billboard's hottest hot 100 hits - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
15. "ABC-Paramount Records Story". Bsnpubs.com. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
16. Kahn, p. 270.
17. "Industry - Record Labels - W&G Records". Milesago. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
18. "45 Discography for Ampar/ABC Paramount Records - OZ". Globaldogproductions.info. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
19. Billboard - Google Books. Books.google.com. 1968-04-20. Retrieved 2011-09-10.

External links

• The ABC-Paramount Records story