ADARB1

Adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1
PDB rendering based on 1zy7.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1ZY7​
Identifiers
Symbols	ADARB1 ; ADAR2; DRABA2; DRADA2; RED1
External IDs	OMIM: 601218 MGI: 891999 HomoloGene: 8280 GeneCards: ADARB1 Gene
EC number	3.5.4.37
Gene ontology Molecular function • RNA binding • double-stranded RNA binding • double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity • mRNA binding • adenosine deaminase activity • protein binding • poly(A) RNA binding • metal ion binding Cellular component • nucleus • nucleoplasm • nucleolus • cytoplasm Biological process • adenosine to inosine editing • RNA processing • mRNA processing • negative regulation of cell proliferation • gene expression • base conversion or substitution editing • mRNA modification • negative regulation of cell migration • negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation • positive regulation of viral genome replication • innate immune response • defense response to virus • regulation of cell cycle Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	104	110532
Ensembl	ENSG00000197381	ENSMUSG00000020262
UniProt	P78563	Q91ZS8
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001033049	NM_001024837
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001103	NP_001020008
Location (UCSC)	Chr 21: 45.07 – 45.23 Mb	Chr 10: 77.29 – 77.42 Mb
PubMed search

Double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADARB1 gene.^[1][2][3]

This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. Studies in rats found that this enzyme acted on its own pre-mRNA molecules to convert an AA dinucleotide to an AI dinucleotide which resulted in a new splice site. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants, some of which have been characterized by the presence or absence of an ALU cassette insert and a short or long C-terminal region.^[3]

ADAR2 requires the small molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP₆) for proper function.^[4]

References

1. Mittaz L, Scott HS, Rossier C, Seeburg PH, Higuchi M, Antonarakis SE (Jul 1997). "Cloning of a human RNA editing deaminase (ADARB1) of glutamate receptors that maps to chromosome 21q22.3". Genomics 41 (2): 210–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4655. PMID 9143496.
2. Keegan LP, Leroy A, Sproul D, O'Connell MA (Feb 2004). "Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs): RNA-editing enzymes". Genome Biol 5 (2): 209. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-2-209. PMC 395743. PMID 14759252.
3. "Entrez Gene: ADARB1 adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1 (RED1 homolog rat)".
4. Macbeth MR, Schubert HL, Vandemark AP, Lingam AT, Hill CP, Bass BL (Sep 2005). "Inositol hexakisphosphate is bound in the ADAR2 core and required for RNA editing". Science 309 (5740): 1534–39. doi:10.1126/science.1113150. PMC 1850959. PMID 16141067.

Further reading

• Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C; et al. (1997). "HIV-1 envelope gp120 and viral particles block adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26.". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 421: 185–92. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_24. PMID 9330696.
• Melcher T, Maas S, Herb A; et al. (1996). "A mammalian RNA editing enzyme.". Nature 379 (6564): 460–4. doi:10.1038/379460a0. PMID 8559253.
• O'Connell MA, Gerber A, Keller W (1997). "Purification of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) involved in editing of brain glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1): 473–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.1.473. PMID 8995285.
• Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C; et al. (1997). "Adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 is inhibited by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and viral particles.". J. Immunol. 158 (8): 3721–9. PMID 9103436.
• Lai F, Chen CX, Carter KC, Nishikura K (1997). "Editing of glutamate receptor B subunit ion channel RNAs by four alternatively spliced DRADA2 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5): 2413–24. PMC 232090. PMID 9111310.
• Yang JH, Sklar P, Axel R, Maniatis T (1997). "Purification and characterization of a human RNA adenosine deaminase for glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA editing.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (9): 4354–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4354. PMC 20726. PMID 9113993.
• Gerber A, O'Connell MA, Keller W (1997). "Two forms of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) generated by the insertion of an Alu cassette.". RNA 3 (5): 453–63. PMC 1369496. PMID 9149227.
• Villard L, Tassone F, Haymowicz M; et al. (1997). "Map location, genomic organization and expression patterns of the human RED1 RNA editase.". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 23 (2): 135–45. doi:10.1007/BF02679972. PMID 9330641.
• Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD; et al. (2000). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21.". Nature 405 (6784): 311–9. doi:10.1038/35012518. PMID 10830953.
• Blanco J, Valenzuela A, Herrera C; et al. (2000). "The HIV-1 gp120 inhibits the binding of adenosine deaminase to CD26 by a mechanism modulated by CD4 and CXCR4 expression.". FEBS Lett. 477 (1-2): 123–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01751-8. PMID 10899322.
• Herrera C, Morimoto C, Blanco J; et al. (2001). "Comodulation of CXCR4 and CD26 in human lymphocytes.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19532–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004586200. PMID 11278278.
• Maas S, Patt S, Schrey M, Rich A (2002). "Underediting of glutamate receptor GluR-B mRNA in malignant gliomas.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (25): 14687–92. doi:10.1073/pnas.251531398. PMC 64742. PMID 11717408.
• Jayan GC, Casey JL (2002). "Increased RNA editing and inhibition of hepatitis delta virus replication by high-level expression of ADAR1 and ADAR2.". J. Virol. 76 (8): 3819–27. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.8.3819-3827.2002. PMC 136091. PMID 11907222.
• Jaikaran DC, Collins CH, MacMillan AM (2002). "Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (40): 37624–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204126200. PMID 12163487.
• Jayan GC, Casey JL (2002). "Inhibition of hepatitis delta virus RNA editing by short inhibitory RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAR1 but not ADAR2 expression.". J. Virol. 76 (23): 12399–404. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.23.12399-12404.2002. PMC 136899. PMID 12414985.
• Slavov D, Gardiner K (2003). "Phylogenetic comparison of the pre-mRNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2 genes and transcripts: conservation and diversity in editing site sequence and alternative splicing patterns.". Gene 299 (1-2): 83–94. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01016-8. PMID 12459255.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.