ALIL pseudoknot
| ALIL pseudoknot | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Secondary structure of ALIL without the pseudoknot | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | ALIL |
| Rfam | RF01497 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Cis-reg |
| Domain(s) | Bacteria |
ALIL pseudoknot is an RNA element that induces frameshifting in bacteria. The expression of a minority of genes requires frameshifting to occur where the frequency of frameshifting is increased by a RNA secondary structure located on the 3' side of the shift site. This structure can be either a pseudoknot or a stem-loop and acts as a physical barrier to mRNA translocation so therefore causes ribosome pausing.[1]
ALIL pseudoknot was identified though comparative analysis of the a class of transposable elements belonging to the insertion sequence 3 (IS3) family and is shown to be conserved across a number of bacteria species.[2] This pseudoknot stimulates programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (PRF-1) which in turn stimulates the express of transposase, an enzyme required for transposition. Mutagenesis and chemical probing were used to determine the secondary structure of this pseudoknot and it has been proposed that this pseudoknot is formed by interactions between an apical loop and internal loop.[3]
References
- ↑ Brierley, I. P. (2001). "Structure and function of the stimulatory RNAs involved in programmed eukaryotic-1 ribosomal frameshifting". Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 66: 233–248. doi:10.1101/sqb.2001.66.233. ISSN 0091-7451. PMID 12762025.
- ↑ Kropinski, M.; Farinha, A.; Jansons, I. (Mar 1994). "Nucleotide Sequence of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Insertion Sequence IS222: Another Member of the IS3 Family". Plasmid 31 (2): 222–228. doi:10.1006/plas.1994.1024. ISSN 0147-619X. PMID 8029330.
- ↑ Mazauric, H.; Licznar, P.; Prère, F.; Canal, I.; Fayet, O. (July 2008). "Apical loop-internal loop RNA pseudoknots: a new type of stimulator of -1 translational frameshifting in bacteria". J Biol Chem 283 (29): 20421–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M802829200. PMID 18474594.