Abdullah el-Faisal

This article is about the Jamaican Muslim cleric convicted of soliciting murder and inciting hatred. For the Saudi Arabian prince, see Abdullah al Faisal.
Abdullah el-Faisal
Born Trevor William Forrest
(1963-09-10) 10 September 1963[1]
Saint James Parish, Jamaica
Nationality Jamaican
Other names Abdullah al-Faisal, Sheikh Faisal, and Sheik Faisal
Occupation Cleric
Criminal charge Under the Offences against the Person Act 1861 with soliciting the murder of Jews, Americans, Christians, and Hindus, and using threatening words to stir up racial hatred in English- and Arabic-language tapes of speeches to his followers[2]
Criminal penalty Nine years in prison
Criminal status Released (25 May 2007); deported
Spouse(s) Two currently; one of whom is Zubeida Khan
Children 3
Parent(s) Merlyn Forrest (mother); Lorenzo Forrest (father)
Conviction(s) 24 February 2003[2]

Abdullah el-Faisal (born Trevor William Forrest, also known as Abdullah al-Faisal, Sheikh Faisal, Sheik Faisal, and Imam Al-Jamaikee, born 10 September 1963[1]) is a Sunni Muslim cleric who preached in the United Kingdom until he was convicted of stirring up racial hatred and urging his followers to murder Jews, Hindus, Christians, and Americans.[2][3][4][5]

El-Faisal was sentenced to nine years in prison, of which he served four years before being deported to Jamaica in 2007.[4][6] He subsequently traveled to Africa, but was deported from Botswana in 2009 and from Kenya back to Jamaica in January 2010. El-Faisal is a Salafi.[7][8]

Early life

El-Faisal was born in Saint James Parish to an evangelical Christian family which belonged to the Salvation Army church, a Christian denomination.[9][10] He grew up in the small farming village of Point, about 14 miles (23 km) from the city of Montego Bay, in upper St. James, Jamaica.[11][12][13] He attended Springfield All-Age, then Maldon Primary and Junior High. At age 16, he converted to Islam,[14][15] after being introduced to the religion by a teacher at Maldon High School.[10]

He began using the name Abdullah el-Faisal shortly after graduating Maldon in 1980, and changed it legally in 1983.[1] In 1981 in Trinidad, he took a six-week course in Islamic and Arabic studies sponsored by the Saudi Arabian government.[1] He left Jamaica in 1983 for Guyana where he studied Arabic and Islam for a year. He then moved to Saudi Arabia where he studied at Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Muhammad university of Riyadh and then moved to the UK later in the 1980s.[16][17]

Starting in 1984, El-Faisal studied Islam for seven years on a Saudi government scholarship at the Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[1][2][10]

England: 1991–2003

El-Faisal was sent to the United Kingdom to preach by Sheikh Raji. He returned to the UK in 1991, became the imam at the Salafi Brixton Mosque in South London,[18][19][20] began preaching to crowds of up to 500 people at the mosque and at Brixton Town Hall.[21][22] He married his second wife, Pakistani-British biology graduate Zubeida Khan whom he met months after his arrival, in 1992, thereby acquiring rights of residence.[2][2][23][24][25][26] This meant he had two wives, as his first marriage was still extant.[27] In 1993, el-Faisal was ejected by Brixton Mosque's administration who objected to his radical preaching.[28][29]

Afterward, he gave a lecture he called The Devil's Deception of the Saudi Salafis, where he attacked the Brixton Mosque management on the basis of their alleged subservience to the corrupt rulers of Saudi Arabia.[30] He opened a study center in Tower Hamlets, East London.[18]

Associate Abu Hamza al-Masri

Referred to as "Sheikh" by his followers,[4] el-Faisal travelled and lectured to audiences in mosques in Birmingham, London, and Dewsbury in West Yorkshire, and in Manchester, Worthing, Bournemouth, Cardiff, Swansea, Coventry, Maidenhead, Tipton, Beeston, and venues in Scotland and Wales.[2][14][23][31][32] Some of his lectures were taped and sold at Islamic bookshops.[33] He also called on Muslim mothers to raise their children to be jihad soldiers by the age of 15.[34] The content of those taped lectures served as the basis for his later trial and conviction.[2]

In February 2002, El-Faisal's tapes were purchased by an undercover police officer at an Islamic bookshop at 62 Brick Lane in London and seized under a search warrant at Zam Zam Bookshop at 388 Green Street in East Ham and at his home at 104 Albert Square in Stratford.[2] He was arrested on 18 February 2002.[2]

El-Faisal is an associate of Abu Hamza al-Masri, the Egyptian ousted from the Finsbury Park mosque who is known for preaching against non-Muslims, and who is currently incarcerated in the United States of America for various offenses.[35] El-Faisal is reportedly a former supporter of Osama bin Laden, and has been linked to al-Qaeda members.[36][37]

Conviction and imprisonment: 2003–07

Conviction

After a four-week trial at the Old Bailey, el-Faisal was found guilty by a jury of six men and six women on 24 February 2003 of: (a) three charges of soliciting the murder of Jews, Americans, Hindus, and Christians; and (b) two charges of using threatening words to stir up racial hatred, in tapes of speeches to his followers.[2] He was the first Muslim cleric to be tried in the UK.[4]

Taped lectures

In tapes of lectures he had given, he exhorted Muslim women to buy toy guns for their children, to train them for jihad.[2] El-Faisal tried to recruit British schoolboys for Jihad training camps, promising them "seventy-two virgins in paradise" if they died fighting a holy war. El-Faisal said "Those who want to go to Jannah [paradise], it's easy, just kill a Kaffar [unbeliever] ... by killing that Kaffar you have purchased your ticket to paradise."[2] He suggested killing non-Muslims like "cockroaches."[38]

On one tape, titled "Jihad", he said: "Our methodology is the bullet, not the ballot."[2] In a tape called "Rules of Jihad", thought to have been made before the 9/11 attacks, he said: "You have to learn how to shoot. You have to learn how to fly planes, drive tanks, and you have to learn how to load your guns and to use missiles. You are only allowed to use nuclear weapons in that country which is 100% unbelievers." He encouraged the use of "anything, even chemical weapons," to "exterminate non-believers."[2] A picture of the burning World Trade Center was on the cover of one recording.[39]

He lectured: "You can go to India, and if you see a Hindu walking down the road you are allowed to kill him and take his money, is that clear, because there is no peace treaty between us."[2] He also suggested that power plants could use the dead bodies of Hindus as fuel.[40] "Jews," el-Faisal said, "should be killed ... as by Hitler." He said: "People with British passports, if you fly into Israel, it is easy. Fly into Israel and do whatever you can. If you die, you are up in paradise. How do you fight a Jew? You kill a Jew. In the case of Hindus, by bombing their businesses."[41]

During the trial, he denied he had intended to incite people to violence. He also testified that he had held Osama bin Laden in "great respect," but that bin Laden had "lost the path" since 11 September.[42]

Sentencing and appeal

El-Faisal was sentenced on 7 March 2003 to nine years in prison.[43] He received seven years for soliciting murder, 12 months to run concurrently for using threatening words with intent to stir up racial hatred, and a further two years (to run consecutively) for distributing threatening recordings with intent to stir up racial hatred. Old Bailey judge Peter Beaumont delivered the sentence. He said el-Faisal had "fanned the flames of hostility", and told him: "As the jury found, you not only preached hate, but the words you uttered in those meetings were recorded to reach a wider audience. You urged those who listened and watched to kill those who did not share your faith."[4] The judge suggested that el-Faisal serve at least half his sentence, and then be deported.[44]

On 17 February 2004 el-Faisal lost an appeal of his conviction.[2][45] While in prison, he attempted to improve conditions, saying: "if you're a cleric, you have to set an example for other Muslim prisoners to follow, and you're not supposed to crack under pressure."[46] He ended up serving four years.

Followers: 9/11 plotter, Richard Reid, 7/7 and Flight 253 bombers

Zacarias Moussaoui

Prosecutors said he preached to 2001 shoe bomber Richard Reid and 9/11 plotter Zacarias Moussaoui.[40]

In addition, two of the four accused 2005 7/7 suicide bombers, Muhammad Sidique Khan, responsible for the Edgware Road blast that killed 6 people, and Jamaican-born Briton Germaine Lindsay, responsible for the blast that killed 26 people at King's Cross tube station, were followers of El-Faisal.[47][48] In an interview with the BBC in June 2008, he admitted knowing Germaine Lindsay but insisted he had not radicalized him.[49][50]

In a May 2005 online posting under the name "farouk1986," Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the suspected Christmas Day 2009 Flight 253 bomber, referred to El-Faisal, writing: "i thought once they are arrested, no one hears about them for life and the keys to their prison wards are thrown away. That’s what I heard sheikh faisal of UK say (he has also been arrested i heard)."[51]

Deportations from the UK, Botswana, and Kenya: May 2007–present

Upon being eligible for parole, el-Faisal was released from prison, deported to Jamaica, and permanently banned from the UK on 25 May 2007. He remained on an international watch list.[52] Andrew Dismore, a Labour Member of Parliament, noted that deportation might not adequately address the risks posed by el-Faisal, saying: "Once he's deported to Jamaica, what restrictions will there be to prevent him spreading his message of hate over the Internet?"[53] He is said to preach extremists views online at paltalk chat rooms and associated with the authentic tawheed website.[54]

On his arrival in Jamaica, the Islamic Council of Jamaica refused him permission to preach in its mosques.[55] He began to again give lectures, conduct Q&A sessions via online chats, and established himself at the pulpit of a mosque in Spanish Town, just west of Kingston, Jamaica. The content of his sermons remained the same as that which was submitted at his trial.[56]

In June 2008 he was preaching in South Africa.[57] He reportedly traveled by road through various countries in Africa including Nigeria, Angola, Malawi, Swaziland, Mozambique, Botswana, and Tanzania before entering Kenya.[58][59]

Along the way, Botswana had deported him as a prohibited immigrant.[60]

Kenya

El-Faisal was allowed entry to Kenya on 24 December 2009, due to a computer error. He was arrested by anti-terror police in Mombasa on New Year's Eve 2009. Attempts by Kenya to deport him were initially unsuccessful because of his involvement in terrorist activities. He was unable to reach Jamaica, which had said it would accept him, because South Africa, the U.K., the U.S., and Tanzania all declined to issue him transit visas that would allow him to connect to flights to Jamaica.[61][62]

He was deported from Kenya on 7 January 2010 to the West African nation of Gambia, which agreed to accept el-Faisal at his request.[63][64] But as he was being transported through Nigeria, Nigerian authorities refused to grant him a transit visa and instead sent him back to Kenya on 10 January 2010.[65][66] The Gambian government also indicated it would not grant him entry.[67]

Several hundred people demonstrated on 8 January 2010, protesting the "unfair" treatment of el-Faisal, chanting "Allahu Akbar."[68] On 15 January, police in Nairobi were summoned to block a protest march by several hundred people, some of whom were waving the flag of Somali Islamist terrorist group al Shabaab. Some angry residents threw stones at the marchers.[69] The following day at least five people died in demonstrations after Friday prayers at Jamia Mosque.[70][71]

Jamaica

He was deported from Kenya on a private plane (at a cost in excess of $523,000), and on 22 January 2010 arrived back in Jamaica.[72] There, he was questioned by Special Branch investigators who made it clear that he had not broken any laws in Jamaica, but that the police wanted to make sure they knew where and how to find him "because of the international attention he has received."[73] The Islamic Council of Jamaica banned him from preaching at any of its 12 mosques, but he is still permitted to worship there.[74]

In his book Ticking Time Bomb: Counter-Terrorism Lessons from the U.S. Government's Failure to Prevent the Fort Hood Attack (2011), former U.S. Senator Joe Lieberman described Australian Muslim preacher Feiz Mohammad, American-Yemeni imam Anwar al-Awlaki, el-Faisal, and Pakistani-American Samir Khan as "virtual spiritual sanctioners" who use the internet to offer religious justification for Islamist terrorism.[75]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Williams, Paul H. (11 June 2007). "A biography of international intrigue". The Gleaner. Archived from the original on June 14, 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Judgment in Appeal of Crown v. El-Faisal, Supreme Court of Judicature, Court of Appeal" (PDF). 4 March 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 May 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  3. ↑ Jenkins, Philip (2007). God's continent: Christianity, Islam, and Europe's religious crisis. Oxford University Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-19-531395-6. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hate preaching cleric jailed". BBC News. 7 March 2003. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  5. ↑ Gendar, Alison (22 November 2010). "Jamaican Imam Abdullah el-Faisal wants to be next terror big, U.S. fears". New York: Nydailynews.com. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
  6. ↑ Giuseppe Caforio, Gerhard Kümmel, Bandara Purkayastha, ed. (2008). Armed Forces and Conflict Resolution: Sociological Perspectives, Volume 7 of Contributions to conflict management, peace economics and development. Emerald Group Publishing. pp. 129–30. ISBN 978-1-84855-122-0. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  7. ↑ Lewis, Philip (2008-02-12). Young, British and Muslim. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 192. ISBN 9780826497291. Two other Wahhabi/ Salafi individuals are worth mentioning. The first is Sheikh Abdullah el-Faisal, who merited a full front-page article in The Times in February 2002
  8. ↑ Janson, Marloes (2013-10-28). Islam, Youth and Modernity in the Gambia: The Tablighi Jama'at. Cambridge University Press. p. 244. ISBN 9781107040571.
  9. ↑ "Religions—Christianity:Salvation Army". BBC. 30 July 2009. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
  10. 1 2 3 Plunkett, Nagra (27 August 2006). "'Terrorist' preacher was a quiet boy — mother". Jamaica Gleaner. Archived from the original on 27 December 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
  11. ↑ "Cummings, Mark, "Al-Faisal’s arrest surprises his mom,"". Jamaicaobserver.com. 3 January 2010. Archived from the original on 11 February 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  12. ↑ "Abbott, Diane, "Al-Faisal's Journey,"". Jamaicaobserver.com. 24 January 2010. Archived from the original on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  13. ↑ "Titus, Mark, "From church boy to militant Muslim,"". The Gleaner. 6 June 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  14. 1 2 "Muslim cleric guilty of soliciting murder". Special report: Race in the UK (London: The Guardian). 4 February 2003. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
  15. ↑ Postcolonial melancholia, p. 130, Paul Gilroy, Columbia University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-231-13454-5. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
  16. ↑ "Brown, Ingrid, "Deported cleric to preach here"". Jamaica Observer. 27 May 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  17. ↑ "Cummings, Mark, "el-Faisal wants mom to meet wife and kids, says friend"". Jamaicaobserver.com. 27 May 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  18. 1 2 Clough, Sue; Steele, John (25 February 2003). "Cleric who poisoned the young drip by drip; Salvation Army son grew up to preach hate". London: Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  19. ↑ "Mother: London radicals made my son terrorist,". Edition.cnn.com. 4 May 2006. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  20. ↑ "Anderson, Becky, "Q&A: Lawyer who met 'Shoe Bomber'". Cnn. 8 September 2006. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  21. ↑ Jones, Sam, (4 May 2006). "Islamist warrior or paranoid schizophrenic with troubled childhood". London: Guardian. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  22. ↑ Cowell, Alan (4 January 2010). "Cowell, Alan, "Kenya Seeks to Deport Muslim Cleric to Jamaica,"". Kenya: Nytimes.com. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  23. 1 2 Lister, Sam, "Bloodcurdling brand of hatred taken on tour of Britain," The Times, 25 February 2003. Retrieved 24 January 2010 Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  24. ↑ 8 March 2003 (8 March 2003). "Steele, John, "Nine years for jihad message of death; 72 virgins in paradise await those who kill unbelievers in a holy war, Muslim cleric promised schoolboys"". London: Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  25. ↑ Johnston, Philip (27 May 2007). "7 July preacher Abdullah El-Faisal deported". London: The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 December 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
  26. ↑ "Williams, Paul H., "Shaik el-Faisal’s wife speaks out",". Jamaica-gleaner.com. 22 July 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  27. ↑ "Hussey-Whyte, "Al-Faisal in his youth"". Jamaica Observer. 31 January 2010. Archived from the original on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  28. ↑ Odula,Tom (10 January 2010). "Radical Jamaican-born Muslim cleric returns to Kenya after his deportation fails". Edmonton Sun (www.edmontonsun.com). Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  29. ↑ M. R. Haberfeld, Agostino von Hassell, eds. (2009). A New Understanding of Terrorism: Case Studies, Trajectories and Lessons Learned. Springer. p. 243. ISBN 978-1-4419-0114-9.
  30. ↑ Lambert, Robert (2011-01-01). Countering Al-Qaeda in London: Police and Muslims in Partnership. Hurst. p. 180. ISBN 9781849041669.
  31. ↑ "British imam praises London Tube bombers", The Sunday Times, 12 February 2006. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  32. ↑ Waldman, Amy, "A Nation Challenged: Muslims; How in a Little English Town Jihad Found Young Converts," The New York Times, 24 April 2003. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  33. ↑ "Race hate cleric Faisal deported,". BBC News. 25 May 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  34. ↑ The fallacy of mother's wisdom: a critical perspective on health psychology, p. 202, Michael Myslobodsky,. World Scientific. 2004. ISBN 978-981-238-458-4. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  35. ↑ Dictionary of terrorism, p. 145, John Richard Thackrah, ISBN 978-0-415-29820-9. Routledge. 2004. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  36. ↑ Thackrah, John (2008). The Routledge companion to military conflict since 1945. Taylor & Francis. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-415-36354-9. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  37. ↑ Lucas, Phillip; Thomas Robbins (2004). New religious movements in the twenty-first century: legal, political, and social challenges in global perspective. Routledge. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-415-96577-4. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  38. ↑ Johnston, Philip, "7 July preacher Abdullah El-Faisal deported," The Telegraph, 25 May 2007. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  39. ↑ "Muslim cleric guilty of soliciting murder". London: Guardian. 24 February 2003. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  40. 1 2 Attewill, Fred, "Race hate preacher Faisal deported," The Guardian, 25 May 2007. Retrieved 6 January 2009
  41. ↑ "Mother of J'can mullah says he is welcome home". Jamaicaobserver.com. 8 March 2003. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  42. ↑ Ryan, Margaret (24 February 2003). "Ryan, Margaret, "Cleric preached racist views"". BBC News. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  43. ↑ Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah, p. 235, Olivier Roy, Columbia University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-231-13499-6. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
  44. ↑ Living with Terrorism, p. 105, Steven C. King, ISBN 1-4343-3843-6. AuthorHouse. 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  45. ↑ "Jamaican-born Muslim cleric loses appeal in England". Jamaica Observer. 18 February 2004. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  46. ↑ Brandon, James (December 2009). "The Danger of Prison Radicalization in the West" (PDF). CTC Sentinel (Combating Terrorism Center at West Point) 2 (12). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  47. ↑ Terrorism as crime: from Oklahoma City to Al-Qaeda and beyond'', pp. 204–05, Mark S. Hamm, ISBN 978-0-8147-3696-8. NYU Press. 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  48. ↑ A New Understanding of Terrorism: Case Studies, Trajectories and Lessons Learned, p. 243, Editors M. R. Haberfeld, Agostino von Hassell, ISBN 978-1-4419-0114-9. Springer. 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  49. ↑ Sandford, Daniel (20 June 2008). "BBC Interview with Abdullah Faisal". BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  50. ↑ "BBC Interview with Abdullah Faisal". BBC News. 20 June 2008. Archived from the original on 20 January 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  51. ↑ Schmitt, Eric, and Lipton, Eric, "Focus on Internet Imams as Al Qaeda Recruiters," The New York Times, 31 December 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2010
  52. ↑ "BBC News: Race hate cleric Faisal deported". 25 May 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  53. ↑ "Britain to deport Jamaican terror preacher". Jamaica Gleaner. 21 August 2006. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  54. ↑ "Online Chat room preaching". Jamaica Gleaner. 15 May 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
  55. ↑ "Jamaican Muslim cleric back in Kenya prison". Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. 11 January 2010. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  56. ↑ "(Backgrounder) Abdullah al-Faisal: Extremist Ideologue with Influence in the West", The NEFA Foundation, October 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2010
  57. ↑ Sandford, Daniel (20 June 2008). "Hate preacher 'knew 7/7 bomber'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  58. ↑ "Radical Jamaican cleric stuck in Kenya after visa denials". Jamaicaobserver.com. 5 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  59. ↑ "Radical Muslim Cleric Refused Entry into Nigeria". Newstimeafrica.com. 11 January 2010. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  60. ↑ Pitse, Reuben (14 January 2010). "Botswana deportee linked to failed US airline suicide bombing". Sunday Standard. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  61. ↑ Odula, Tom (January 5, 2010). "Radical cleric stuck in Kenya after visa denials". The Huffington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  62. ↑ UKPA (10 January 2010). "Radical cleric 'in Kenyan jail'". The Press Association. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  63. ↑ "Jamaican Muslim cleric deported from Kenya over security fears". Jamaica Observer. 7 January 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
  64. ↑ Pictures: Sheikh Abdullah al-Faisal, The Daily Nation, published and retrieved 7 January 2009
  65. ↑ "Menya, Walter, Kadida, Jillo and Mukinda, Fred, "Kenya in fresh bid to deport Faisal"". Daily Nation. 13 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  66. ↑ Kyama, Reuben, "Airlines Refuse to Transport Radical Cleric", The New York Times, 10 January 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2010
  67. ↑ "Al-Faisal back in Kenyan prison". Jamaicaobserver.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  68. ↑ Boswell, Alan, "Kenya Unable to Rid Itself of Unwanted Muslim Cleric," Voice of America, 11 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010
  69. ↑ "Violent clashes in Kenyan capital". The Irish Times. 15 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  70. ↑ "Kenya police shoot hate cleric al-Faisal supporters". BBC News. 15 January 2010. Archived from the original on 20 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  71. ↑ "Mbatiah, Suleiman, "Two Dead and Scores Injured as Police Clash with Muslim Protesters in Kenya"". Newstime Africa. 15 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  72. ↑ "Faisal deportation 'cost Kenya $500,000'". BBC News. 26 January 2010. Archived from the original on 29 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  73. ↑ "Barrett, Livern, "Deported Muslim cleric arrives home, Investigators place al-Faisal under their microscope"". Jamaica-gleaner.com. 23 January 2010. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  74. ↑ "Walker, Karyl, "Al-Faisal welcome to attend mosque — Islamic Council"". Jamaica Observer. 31 January 2010. Archived from the original on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  75. ↑ Joseph I. Lieberman (2011). Ticking Time Bomb: Counter-Terrorism Lessons from the U. S. Government's Failure to Prevent the Fort Hood Attack. Diane Publishing. Retrieved 22 April 2013.

Further reading

External links

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